PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Adaptive integrated intervention approaches for schistosomiasis elimination in Pemba: A 4-year intervention study and focus on hotspots.","authors":"Lydia Trippler, Said Mohammed Ali, Mohammed Nassor Ali, Ulfat Amour Mohammed, Khamis Rashid Suleiman, Naomi Chi Ndum, Saleh Juma, Shaali Makame Ame, Fatma Kabole, Jan Hattendorf, Stefanie Knopp","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0013079","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0013079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Schistosomiasis is a disease of poverty. Integrated interventions are recommended for its elimination. Despite major prevalence reductions over the past decades, hotspot areas with persistent or recurring moderate or high prevalence remain. We aimed to assess the contribution of multidisciplinary interventions that were adapted to the local micro-epidemiology for schistosomiasis elimination in Pemba, Tanzania, and to identify drivers for the occurrence of hotspot areas.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>From 2020 to 2024, annual cross-sectional surveys were conducted in schools and communities in 20 implementation units (IUs) to assess the Schistosoma haematobium prevalence and monitor the impact of interventions. Based on the prevalence, the IUs were annually re-stratified into hotspot and low-prevalence IUs. In hotspots, mass drug administration in schools and communities, snail control and behavior change measures were implemented. Low-prevalence areas received surveillance-response interventions. With a random effects model, the association between S. haematobium infections and environmental and economic factors were assessed. Using risk layers based on the random effects model, hotspot areas were determined geographically.</p><p><strong>Principal findings: </strong>The overall S. haematobium prevalence in the 20 IUs changed from 1.2% (26/2200, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.5-1.9%) in 2021 to 1.0% (27/2752, 95% CI: 0.4-1.6%) in 2024 in schools, and from 0.8% (31/3885, 95% CI: 0.4-1.2%) in 2021 to 1.2% (43/3711, 95% CI: 0.3-2.0%) in 2024 in communities. Across the study period, 8 IUs were considered a hotspot. The number of hotspot IUs decreased from 5 in 2021, to 4 in 2022, to 3 in 2023 but increased again to 5 in 2024. Some of the hotspot IUs resurged once interventions were adapted to surveillance-response. S. haematobium infections were significantly associated with the standardized kernel density of water bodies with Bulinus presence (Odds Ratio (OR): 2.3; 95% CI: 1.6-3.4), a very low economic score (OR: 4.1; 95% CI: 1.7-9.9) and living far away from a road (OR: 4.7; 95% CI: 2.1-10.6).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adaptive multidisciplinary interventions maintained the very low prevalence in Pemba but failed to interrupt S. haematobium transmission within 4 years. A comprehensive integrated intervention package contributed to reducing the number of hotspot IUs. However, some hotspots persisted also intense interventions or resurged once interventions were adapted to surveillance-response. To achieve complete elimination in Pemba and elsewhere, poverty needs to be reduced, and investments in global health equity, including the water sanitation and hygiene infrastructure, are essential.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ISRCTN, ISCRCTN91431493. Registered 11 February 2020, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN91431493.</p>","PeriodicalId":49000,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 6","pages":"e0013079"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12129218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 is associated with hemoconcentration and endothelial activation in children and young adults with dengue virus infection in the Philippines.","authors":"Jiayi Yang, Hridesh Mishra, Michelle Ngai, Vanessa Tran, Maria Salome Siose Painaga, James Yared Gaite, Ashley Roberts, Kevin C Kain, Michael T Hawkes","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0013084","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0013084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1) is a cell-surface receptor expressed on neutrophils that amplifies the inflammatory response. Dengue virus (DENV) infection is characterized by systemic inflammation, endothelial activation, and vascular leakage.</p><p><strong>Methodology/principal findings: </strong>We investigated circulating soluble TREM-1 (sTREM-1) levels in 244 children and young adults aged 1-26 years with dengue fever presenting to an outpatient clinic in the Philippines. Elevated sTREM-1 (≥130 pg/mL) was associated with hemoconcentration, a hallmark of vascular leakage (odds ratio (OR) 3.8, 95%CI 1.6-10, p = 0.0020). In turn, hemoconcentration was associated with hospitalization (OR 4.2, 95%CI 1.0-38, p = 0.0497) and higher volume of intravenous fluid required for resuscitation (p = 0.019). Elevated inflammation marker TNF (≥5 pg/mL) was associated with increased sTREM-1 levels (p = 0.0014). Endothelial activation markers angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) were correlated with sTREM-1 levels (p < 0.0001 for all three comparisons).</p><p><strong>Conclusions/significance: </strong>Our findings suggest that sTREM-1 may be a clinically informative marker of neutrophil activation, associated with hemoconcentration, systemic inflammation, and endothelial activation and in dengue fever.</p>","PeriodicalId":49000,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 6","pages":"e0013084"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stakeholders perspective of integrating female genital schistosomiasis into HIV care: A qualitative study in Ghana.","authors":"Emmanuel Asampong, Franklin N Glozah, Adanna Nwameme, Ruby Hornuvo, Edward Mberu Kamau, Philip Teg-Nefaah Tabong","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012469","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), HIV remains the leading cause of adult premature death. The rising prevalence of Female Genital Schistosomiasis (FGS) in SSA, including Ghana, has led to a growing dual burden of HIV-FGS cases. This trend has prompted the WHO to advocate for integrated HIV and FGS services. This study examined stakeholder perspectives on integrating FGS prevention and control with HIV care in endemic areas of Ghana.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study took place in Ga South Municipality, Greater Accra Region, Ghana. A qualitative approach combining narrative and phenomenological designs was used. Data collection included Focus Group Discussions with Community Health Officers (CHOs) (n = 9), and Key Informant Interviews with healthcare providers at regional, district, and community levels (n = 13). In-depth interviews were also conducted with individuals affected by FGS and HIV (n = 13), female household members (n = 10), Community Health Management Committee members, and community leaders (n = 7). Participants were purposively selected. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed, coded, and thematically analyzed using NVivo version 13.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a notable knowledge gap on FGS among CHOs and community members. Many health workers mistook FGS for sexually transmitted infections, while community members primarily recognized it through gynecological symptoms. Healthcare was sought from a mix of formal health facilities, herbalists, and spiritual centers, often delaying accurate diagnosis and management. Barriers to integrating HIV and FGS services included limited awareness, stigma, cultural beliefs, provider attitudes, and resource shortages.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both CHOs and community members lacked sufficient knowledge about FGS, hindering regular screening and timely diagnosis. While integrating FGS and HIV care could support Ghana's HIV eradication goals, success depends on addressing stigma, improving awareness, ensuring drug availability, and equipping health facilities. Collaboration among healthcare professionals and developing standardized clinical protocols are essential. Training community health workers on these protocols is urgently needed to support effective integration.</p>","PeriodicalId":49000,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 6","pages":"e0012469"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12169530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatic ferroptosis induced by Clonorchis sinensis exacerbates liver fibrosis.","authors":"Haoyang Zhang, Xiaocen Wang, Xu Zhang, Yeting Ma, Penglin Bao, Yanhui Yu, Yuru Wang, Pengtao Gong, Nan Zhang, Soon-Ok Lee, Xin Li, Jianhua Li","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0013164","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0013164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) is a food-borne zoonotic parasite link to liver fibrosis and cholangiocarcinoma. Limited understanding of its mechanisms in causing liver fibrosis has impeded therapeutic advances for C. sinensis-induced liver lesions. Ferroptosis, a novel form of cell death involving iron overload and lipid peroxidation, exacerbates liver fibrosis; however, its role in C. sinensis infection remains unexplored. In this study, ferroptosis were detected in C. sinensis-infected C57BL/6 mice as well as in AML12 cells stimulated by C. sinensis excretory/secretory products (ESPs). 12 ferroptosis related genes were screened and we found glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4, 7 d), solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11, 7 d) and nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2, 35 d) was significantly decreased in mice. Western blot results confirmed C. sinensis and ESPs down-regulated the expression of GPX4, SLC7A11 and Nrf2. GSH depletion, malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, mitochondrial structure damage, and iron overload were found in C. sinensis-infected mice and ESPs-stimulated AML12 cells, suggesting that ferroptosis occurred in vivo and in vitro. Treatment with ferroptosis inhibitor Fer-1 in C. sinensis-infected mice alleviated ferroptosis, reduced the productions of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12 and IL-6, and downregulated transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad pathway activation. In AML12 cells, Fer - 1 pretreatment reduced ESPs - induced ferroptosis and IL-6, TNF-α production. Fer - 1 also alleviated liver lesions, reduced parasite load (65%), α-SMA expression and collagen fiber deposition in infected mice. In conclusion, C. sinensis could cause ferroptosis, which promoted the secretions of IL-6 and TNF-α as well as the activation of TGF-β/Smad pathway, leading to exacerbated liver fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":49000,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 6","pages":"e0013164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12151476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-clinical studies of Schistosoma mansoni vaccines: A scoping review.","authors":"Emma L Houlder, Lucas Ferreira da Silva, Angela van Diepen, Murilo Sena Amaral, R Alan Wilson, Cornelis H Hokke, Meta Roestenberg, Wilfried A M Bakker","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012956","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012956","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Schistosomiasis is caused by infection with worms of the genus Schistosoma including S. mansoni. Over 200 million people are infected, sterile immunity does not naturally develop, and no vaccine is available. This could be a critical tool to achieve control and elimination. Numerous candidates have been tested in pre-clinical models, but there is not yet an approved vaccine.</p><p><strong>Methodology/principal findings: </strong>We conducted a scoping review using a keyword search on Web of Science and a MeSH term search on PubMed. Articles were screened and included if they tested a defined vaccine candidate in a pre-clinical protection assay against S. mansoni between 1994-2024. Vaccine formulation, study design, and efficacy parameters from all articles were extracted. This data was summarised graphically, with the influence of different parameters appraised. A total of 141 candidate antigens were tested in 108 articles over the last 30 years, with most antigens tested only once and three (Sm-CatB, Sm-p80, and Sm-14) tested over 20 times. The median protective efficacy against worms was 35%. 10 antigens achieved over 60% efficacy, and only two (Sm-p80 and Sm-CatB) over 90%. Large variations in efficacy were observed with all repeatedly tested antigens, likely attributable to differing formulations and study designs. The effect of these varying parameters on the resultant efficacy was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A few vaccine candidates have achieved promising efficacy in pre-clinical studies. Most vaccines tested however have efficacy that falls short of that required for an impactful schistosomiasis vaccine. The diversity in study designs makes comparing vaccine targets a challenge. Use of consistent and optimized vaccine formulation (including adjuvant and platform) and study design parameters is critical to expedite the development of a schistosome vaccine.</p>","PeriodicalId":49000,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 6","pages":"e0012956"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12158002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of age and immune status on the accuracy of rapid diagnostic tests for visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil.","authors":"Mariana Lourenço Freire, Daniel Moreira de Avelar, Mariana Junqueira Pedras, Líndicy Leidicy Alves, Veronica Cardoso Santos de Faria, Lara Saraiva, Tália Santana Machado de Assis, Dorcas Lamounier Costa, Gláucia Cota","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0013087","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0013087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) represents a significant public health concern due to its high case-fatality, which poses the challenge of a timely and accurate diagnosis. Antibody-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have emerged as a disruptive innovation in recent years, by offering a diagnosis in the field, at low cost, easy to perform and with results in a few minutes. However, their performance can vary across regions and different subgroups, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of VL RDTs registered with the Brazilian national regulatory agency, or available through the PAHO strategic fund, considering diverse patient profiles.</p><p><strong>Methodology/principal findings: </strong>Three commercially RDTs were identified LSH Ab Eco Teste, Leishmaniasis VH Bio, and Kalazar Detect and evaluated using a well characterized panel of serum samples (n = 300) from suspected VL patients from different Brazilian regions. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were determined for different patient's ages and HIV coinfection status. Overall, RDTs exhibited lower sensitivity in children under 3 years old and HIV co-infected individuals compared to those over 3 years without HIV co-infection (p < 0.05). The agreement (Cohen's kappa coefficient) between observers (reproducibility) and intra-test (repeatability) for all three commercial kits was excellent.</p><p><strong>Conclusions/significance: </strong>While RDTs offer desirable advantages in terms of access to diagnoses, variation on their performance imposes limits on their implementation. The performance of RDTs for VL exhibits significant differences related to age and immune status.</p>","PeriodicalId":49000,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 6","pages":"e0013087"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12129180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural insights into sigma class glutathione transferase from Taenia solium: Analysis and functional implications.","authors":"Ricardo Miranda-Blancas, Ponciano García-Gutiérrez, Cesar Sánchez-Juárez, María C Cardona-Echavarría, Roberto Flores-López, Rafael A Zubillaga, Oscar Rodríguez-Lima, Lluvia de C Sánchez-Pérez, Enrique Rudiño-Piñera, Abraham Landa","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0013024","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0013024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neglected tropical diseases pose a significant threat to global health, especially in low- and middle-income countries where treatment options are inadequate and transmission risk factors persist. One example is neurocysticercosis caused by Taenia solium. Sigma class glutathione transferases (Sigma GSTs) are key regulators of Th1 inflammatory responses, making them promising targets for development of therapies and vaccines. This study presents the first report on the crystallographic structures of recombinant 24-kDa sigma class GST from T. solium (rTs24GST), which were determined at resolutions of 1.30 and 1.75 Å. The apo-form structures show the typical GST fold with distinct N- and C-terminal domains and highlight regions of notable flexibility near the G-site. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the presence of glutathione stabilizes the enzyme and reduces conformational fluctuations. Comparative analysis with other GSTs revealed conserved flexible regions that correlate with glutathione binding. These structural insights into rTs24GST can be associated with evolutionary adaptations for interacting with diverse substrates and could open new avenues for developing inhibitors and therapeutic strategies against neurocysticercosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":49000,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 5","pages":"e0013024"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12124585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probing orthobunyavirus reassortment using Bunyamwera and Batai viruses as models.","authors":"James M Bowen, Krista Gunter, Andrew M Lunel, Dorcus C A Omoga, Jennifer E Jones, Henry Giesel, W Paul Duprex, Natasha L Tilston","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0013120","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0013120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reassortment is a critical evolutionary mechanism for segmented viruses, enabling the exchange of intact genome segments during co-infection and driving orthobunyavirus evolution; however, the molecular mechanisms underpinning this process remain unclear. With over 100 orthobunyavirus species, many of which are significant human and veterinary pathogens, understanding how reassortment influences transmissibility and virulence is essential for preempting the emergence of novel pathogens. Here, we use Bunyamwera virus (BUNV) and Batai virus (BATV) as models to explore orthobunyavirus reassortment through reverse genetics. We established the first reverse genetics system for BATV, generated reassortants, and employed minigenome assays to assess replication machinery compatibility. Additionally, we developed a novel hybridization chain reaction assay for high-resolution visualization of viral RNA segments. Our findings revealed that all six reassortants between BUNV and BATV are viable, exhibiting notable phenotypic differences in interferon-deficient (IFNAR-/-) mice. This work introduces essential tools and new insights into orthobunyavirus reassortment and pathogenesis, laying the groundwork for understanding this critical evolutionary process.</p>","PeriodicalId":49000,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 5","pages":"e0013120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12169594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring dengue health communication: Survey-based strategies to reduce message fatigue across risk areas.","authors":"Chia-Hsien Lin, Yen-Jung Chang, Hung-Yi Lu","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012723","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0012723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dengue remains a significant public health challenge in Taiwan, particularly in the southern region where Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes thrive. Despite nationwide dengue prevention campaigns, message fatigue-where individuals become disengaged due to repetitive messaging-may reduce the effectiveness of public health communication. This study analyses trends and associations between key predictors-such as age, sex, education, job, and perceived risks (optimistic bias, perceived prevalence, and perceived severity)-and message fatigue across different dengue-risk areas in Taiwan.</p><p><strong>Methodology/principal findings: </strong>A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from October 25 to November 13, 2023, among 814 adults across Taiwan. Participants were classified into high-risk (southern Taiwan) and low-risk (other regions) groups. Message fatigue was assessed using the message environment (ME) and audience response (AR) dimensions. Perceived risks (perceived prevalence, severity, and optimistic bias) and demographic variables (sex, age, education, job experience, and residency) were analyzed using Poisson and Negative Binomial regression models.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The findings revealed that message fatigue varied by region and demographic factors. In high-risk areas, individuals with lower education levels exhibited higher AR fatigue (boredom and disengagement) (p = 0.04). In low-risk areas, males (p = 0.02), individuals with lower education (p = 0.01), and those with optimistic bias (p = 0.02) reported significantly higher ME fatigue (perceived overexposure). Despite uniform nationwide messaging, participants in high-risk regions exhibited greater message fatigue, possibly due to habituation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions/significance: </strong>Message fatigue is associated with regional dengue risk, demographic factors, and perceived risk. A uniform health communication approach may not be effective across different populations. In high-risk regions, message fatigue is more pronounced. Repetitive warnings may contribute to disengagement, suggesting a need for communication strategies that reduce redundancy and emphasize localized, actionable information. In low-risk areas, messages should focus on engagement, particularly for men, who exhibited higher fatigue in this study. Simplified messaging can reduce cognitive overload for lower-educated populations. Addressing message fatigue can enhance the effectiveness of dengue prevention campaigns and sustain public engagement in long-term health communication efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":49000,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 5","pages":"e0012723"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12148230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposed nucleoprotein inside rabies virus particle as an ideal target for real-time quantitative evaluation of rabies virus particle integrity in vaccine quality control.","authors":"Jia Li, Yuhang Yang, Kuangrou Jia, Zhigao Zhang, Xiangmin Zhai, Yue Cao, Xinbiao Huang, Shouchun Cao, Yingsong Wu, Guanfeng Lin","doi":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0013077","DOIUrl":"10.1371/journal.pntd.0013077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, the integrity of rabies virus particle in quality control can only be assessed through electron microscopy. However, its time-consuming nature, operational complexity, limited accuracy and lack of quantification capability no longer meet the needs of modern vaccine production. Based on this, we developed a time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) to enable real-time quantitative analysis of rabies virus particle integrity in human rabies vaccine, by detecting exposed nucleoprotein. Monoclonal antibodies against rabies glycoprotein and nucleoprotein were prepared using the classical hybridoma technology with the aim of constructing a novel detection approach for assessing particle integrity. A monoclonal antibody against rabies glycoprotein was immobilized on microplate wells to capture rabies virus particles, while a labeled antibody against the nucleoprotein served as the signal tracer. Multiple types of vaccine samples were analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of the developed TRFIA, combined with various virus particle destruction methods to validate its capability to assess particle integrity. The validation results were consistent with those obtained from electron microscopy. Therefore, this novel TRFIA offers a promising solution to address existing gaps in current analytical methods, enabling straightforward real-time, and quantitative evaluation of rabies virus particle integrity in the laboratory.</p>","PeriodicalId":49000,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases","volume":"19 5","pages":"e0013077"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12124496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}