Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle最新文献

{"title":"Concordance of Freehand 3D Ultrasound Muscle Measurements With Sarcopenia Parameters in a Geriatric Rehabilitation Ward","authors":"Jeremie Huet,&nbsp;Antoine Nordez,&nbsp;Aurélie Sarcher,&nbsp;Marie Mathieu,&nbsp;Christophe Cornu,&nbsp;Anne-Sophie Boureau","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13648","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13648","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sarcopenia is a devastating disease for older adults, but it lacks accessible and reliable tools for measuring total appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM). Two-dimensional muscle ultrasound (US) has been developed for its bedside clinical advantages and feasibility but lacks standardization and prediction performance. We previously validated a new 3D-US technique to measure muscle volume (MV) at bedside and applied it in a geriatric rehabilitation setting.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Objectives were to analyse the concordance between 3D-US MV and ASMM and compare concordance between 3D-US MV and 2D-US parameters with ASMM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants were recruited in a Geriatric rehabilitation ward in Nantes, France, from May to October 2022. Exclusion criteria were as follows: oedema in the lower limbs or recent history of unilateral lower limb damage or stroke. ASMM was measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis; 3D-US and 2D-US acquisitions were performed on three muscles of the right lower limb. Measures of strength (hand grip, knee extension and ankle dorsiflexion) were also recorded. Reliability of 3D-US MV measurements on 10 participants was high (ICC = 0.99).</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used Lin's concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) and bias correction factor for agreement between variables and linear regression models for prediction equations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty-eight participants had an interpretable ASMM of whom 17 (29%) had a diagnosis of sarcopenia. Volumes of TA, RF and VL were all significantly concordant with ASMM measured by BIA (all <i>p</i> values &lt; 0.001), with CCCs respectively of 0.72, 0.61 and 0.60. MV were all significantly concordant with isometric strength (<i>p</i> values &lt; 0.001). Concordance and correlation with ASMM were higher with 3D-US than 2D-US measurements regardless of the muscle. Prediction of ASMM reached an adjusted <i>R</i>² of 0.8 with tibialis anterior volume, biometrics and 2D measurements.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study was the first to use 3D-US in a geriatric setting and develop a model to predict ASMM in very old hospitalized patients. MV measurements with 3D-US proved to be reliable and more concordant with appendicular muscle mass and strength than 2D parameters.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11670163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142685528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on ‘Systematic Druggable Genome-Wide Mendelian Randomization Identifies Therapeutic Targets for Sarcopenia’ by Yin et al.—The Author's Reply","authors":"Kang-Fu Yin,&nbsp;Yong-Ping Chen","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13652","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13652","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;We appreciate the attention and feedback from Liu et al. [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] on our study. We highly value their comments and would like to address some misunderstandings and provide additional background information through the following points.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Firstly, Liu et al. mentioned that colocalisation analysis following Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis might introduce irrelevant pleiotropic effects by violating the exclusion restriction assumption, thereby not strengthening the MR results. We believe this viewpoint may stem from an incomplete understanding of the principles of two-sample MR and Bayesian colocalisation analysis. Two-sample MR extracts strictly valid instrumental variables (IVs), selecting those SNPs that are significantly associated with the exposure variable. These SNPs need to satisfy the exclusion restriction assumption, meaning they influence the outcome variable only through the exposure variable and not through other pathways [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. The purpose of Bayesian colocalisation analysis is to determine whether a genetic variant simultaneously affects multiple phenotypes. Colocalisation analysis typically identifies SNPs that are significantly associated with multiple phenotypes, i.e., shared SNPs [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;]. This means that the IVs selected for MR analysis do not necessarily coincide with the shared SNPs identified by colocalisation, thus avoiding the violation of the exclusion restriction assumption. Even if there is a coincidence, after rigorous IV selection and pleiotropy methods such as MR-Egger regression and MR-PRESSO evaluation, the research results remain robust and interpretable [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;]. Colocalisation analysis is an important complement to cis-MR studies, used to evaluate the validity of the IV assumption [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;]. The lack of colocalisation analysis in cis-MR studies may lead to false-positive results similar to candidate gene studies, which have now largely been abandoned due to their irreproducible findings [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Secondly, Liu et al. mentioned irrelevant horizontal pleiotropy and relevant horizontal pleiotropy in their comments. Regarding irrelevant horizontal pleiotropy, we have already employed common MR methods to address pleiotropy in our article, such as MR-Egger regression and MR-PRESSO. MR-Egger regression detects and corrects pleiotropy by estimating the intercept term, while MR-PRESSO reduces pleiotropic effects by identifying and excluding outliers. However, Liu et al. suggested that pleiotropy might still exist but did not provide specific evidence or reasons. We believe that every methodological approach has its limitations, including the CAUSE (Causal Analysis Using Summary Effect estimates) method suggested by Liu et al. for future pleiotropy identification. Although the CAUSE method performs well in identifying pleiotropy, it also has a high false-positive rate and cannot fully explain the shared genetic components between two traits of interest [&lt;","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13652","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142678519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of resistance training and chicken intake on vascular and muscle health in elderly women","authors":"Shumpei Fujie,&nbsp;Naoki Horii,&nbsp;Hiroki Kajimoto,&nbsp;Henry Yamazaki,&nbsp;Kenichiro Inoue,&nbsp;Keiko Iemitsu,&nbsp;Masataka Uchida,&nbsp;Takuma Arimitsu,&nbsp;Yasushi Shinohara,&nbsp;Kiyoshi Sanada,&nbsp;Motohiko Miyachi,&nbsp;Motoyuki Iemitsu","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13572","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13572","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Resistance training is a well-known exercise therapy for preventing and improving lacks of muscle mass, strength, and quality with advances in age; however, its effects on arterial stiffness are not beneficial. Additionally, a higher intake of protein, which is an effective nutrient for muscle health, results in lower arterial stiffness. Whether the combination of moderate to high-intensity resistance training and high-protein intake would improve muscle mass, strength, and quality and cancel the resistance training-induced increase in arterial stiffness in elderly women remains unclear.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Ninety-three elderly women (67.2 ± 5.3 years) were randomly divided into four groups; sedentary control (CON), higher dietary animal protein intake (HP), resistance training (RT), and combination of RT and HP (RT + HP) groups. Participants in the RT and RT + HP groups completed 12 weeks of resistance training (exercise intensity at 70% of one-repetition maximum (1-RM), three sets with 10 repetitions of leg extension and curls, 3 days/week). In addition to the daily diet, the HP and RT + HP groups consumed steamed chicken breast as a high-protein diet.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Percent changes in thickness (indices of muscle mass) and echo intensity (index of muscle quality) in the quadriceps muscle, 1-RM of leg extension and curls (index of muscle strength), and circulating C1q levels (a potential biomarker of muscle fibrosis) in the RT and RT + HP groups significantly improved after both RT and RT + HP interventions (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Percent changes in carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and carotid β-stiffness (indices of arterial stiffness), and circulating angiotensin II (a vasoconstrictor peptide hormone) levels via each intervention were significantly higher in the RT group (4.9 ± 12.7%, 13.8 ± 13.5%, 94.9 ± 132.7%, respectively), as compared with the CON group (−2.5 ± 5.9%, 0.2 ± 8.1%, 21.2 ± 79.3%, respectively) (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Of note, no significant differences in the cfPWV, carotid β-stiffness, and circulating angiotensin II levels between the RT + HP (−2.4 ± 9.3%, 2.4 ± 10.3%, −5.7 ± 29.6%, respectively) and CON groups were observed. Furthermore, significant positive relationships between the percent changes in circulating angiotensin II levels, and cfPWV (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.438, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01) and carotid β-stiffness (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.328, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01) were observed.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The combination of mo","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13572","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142678939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on ‘Change in Physical Activity and Its Association With Decline in Kidney Function: A UK Biobank-Based Cohort Study’ by Liu et al.","authors":"Guoying Wang,&nbsp;Wenbo Shi,&nbsp;Zhijun Xin,&nbsp;Xiaoming Zhou","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13654","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13654","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;We read with great interest the article by Liu Q et al. [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] examining the association between changes in physical activity and kidney function in the general population. The authors utilised a large cohort from the UK Biobank to investigate this important relationship, providing valuable insights. However, we would like to highlight a few key limitations and suggest future research directions that could strengthen the evidence in this area.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Firstly, the authors relied on self-reported physical activity data, which is subject to potential recall bias and social desirability bias. Individuals may overreport or underreport their physical activity levels, leading to misclassification and potentially biassing the observed associations [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. The use of objective measures, such as accelerometers or activity trackers, could provide more accurate and reliable assessments of physical activity, reducing the risk of measurement error. Indeed, through UK Biobank, several studies have reported high quality research on accelerometer-measured physical activity and disease prognosis [&lt;span&gt;3, 4&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Secondly, the authors' adjustment for covariates did not include dietary factors, which are known to have a significant impact on kidney function. Dietary intake of protein, sodium and other nutrients can influence serum creatinine and cystatin C levels, potentially confounding the relationship between physical activity and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) [&lt;span&gt;5, 6&lt;/span&gt;]. Future studies should consider incorporating detailed dietary information, such as nutrient intake and dietary patterns, to better understand the complex interplay between physical activity, diet and kidney health.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, the authors focused their analysis on the general population, which may have different characteristics and risk profiles compared to individuals with pre-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD) or other comorbidities. It would be valuable to conduct subgroup analyses or stratified models to explore the potential differential effects of physical activity changes on kidney function in specific patient populations, such as those with CKD, diabetes or cardiovascular disease. This approach could provide more targeted insights and guide the development of tailored physical activity recommendations for individuals at higher risk of kidney dysfunction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, the authors utilised eGFR as the primary outcome, which is an estimated measure of kidney function. While eGFR is widely used in clinical practice, it may not accurately reflect true glomerular filtration rate, especially in the context of changing muscle mass and body composition associated with physical activity [&lt;span&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;]. Future studies could consider incorporating direct measures of kidney function, such as iohexol or inulin clearance, to provide a more precise assessment of the relationship between physical activity and actual kidney function","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13654","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142678521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sarcopenia Seems to Be Common in Older Patients With Restless Legs Syndrome","authors":"Açelya Gokdeniz Yildirim,&nbsp;Derya Kaya,&nbsp;Fatma Sena Dost,&nbsp;Mehmet Selman Ontan,&nbsp;Ahmet Turan Isik","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13637","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13637","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a disorder characterized by nocturnally exacerbating pain that leads to significant sleep disturbances. The hormonal and metabolic changes caused by sleep disruption may increase the incidence of muscle-related diseases like sarcopenia in older adults, which is defined by a progressive loss of muscle strength and mass. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between RLS and sarcopenia, which may affect each other through common pathophysiological pathways in older adults.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This was a cross-sectional study including 109 patients with RLS and 220 without RLS who applied to the geriatric clinic. RLS was assessed using the Turkish version of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG). Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People-2 criteria. All the demographics, comorbid conditions, medications and findings of comprehensive geriatric assessments were recorded. The association between RLS and sarcopenia was examined by logistic regression.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The mean age was 75 ± 7.4 and 73.8 ± 7 years for the RLS and the control groups, respectively (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05) and the ratio of females was higher in the RLS group (69.7% vs. 57.9%) (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.035). The frequencies of coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension (HT) and peripheral artery disease (PAD) were significantly higher in RLS patients (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.020, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.047, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.010, respectively), while the prevalence of anaemia was 41% and 25-OH Vitamin D levels (25[OH]D) were higher than in the control group (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). The frequency of probable sarcopenia and sarcopenia was higher in patients with RLS than in controls (20% vs. 11%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.037 and 8% vs. 2.3%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.047, respectively). A significant association between RLS and an increased likelihood of probable sarcopenia, sarcopenia and slow gait speed (odds ratio [OR]: 2.621, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.265, 5.431]; OR: 4.542, 95% CI [1.284, 16.071]; OR: 2.663, 95% CI [1.432, 4.951], respectively) was found after adjusting for factors such as gender, HT, CAD, PAD, serum 25(OH)D levels, anaemia, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and nutritional status. However, the significance of low muscle mass disappeared (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This study demonstrated that sarcopenia is prevalent among older patients with RLS, which seems to be associ","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13637","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142678941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intermittent Hypoxic–Hyperoxic Training During Inpatient Rehabilitation Improves Exercise Capacity and Functional Outcome in Patients With Long Covid: Results of a Controlled Clinical Pilot Trial","authors":"Wolfram Doehner,&nbsp;Azadeh Fischer,&nbsp;Banafsheh Alimi,&nbsp;Jasmin Muhar,&nbsp;Jochen Springer,&nbsp;Christoph Altmann,&nbsp;Per Otto Schueller","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13628","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13628","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Long COVID-19 illness is a severely disabling disease with shortness of breath, weakness and fatigue as leading symptoms, resulting in poor quality of life and substantial delay in return to work.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;No specific respiratory therapy has been validated for patients with long COVID. The intermittent hypoxia–hyperoxia training (IHHT) is a respiratory therapeutic modality to improve exercise performance via controlled respiratory conditioning. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of IHHT on functional and symptomatic recovery of patients with long COVID syndrome.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A prospective, controlled, open-treatment interventional study was conducted in patients with long COVID who were admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation programme. Patients were assigned nonrandomized to receive IHHT in addition to the standardized rehabilitation programme (IHHT group) or standard rehabilitation alone (control group). The IHHT group received supervised sessions of intermittent hypoxic (10–12% O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) and hyperoxic (30–35% O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) breathing three times per week throughout the rehabilitation period. Primary endpoint was improved walking distance in a 6-min walk test (6MWT) between study groups. Secondary endpoints were change in stair climbing power, dyspnoea (Borg dyspnoea Scale), fatigue assessment scale (FAS) and change in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) assessed by patient global assessment (PGA), EQ-5D analogue scale and the MEDIAN Corona Recovery Score (MCRS). Further assessments included maximum handgrip strength, nine hole peg test, timed up-and-go, respiratory function and functional ambulation category (FAC), serum analyses and safety of the intervention.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A total of 145 patients were included in the study (74% female, mean age 53 ± 12 years) and assigned to IHHT (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 70) or standard care (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 75). The 6MWT distance improved 2.8-fold in the IHHT group compared to the control group (91.7 ± 50.1 m vs. 32.6 ± 54.2 m, ANCOVA &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). Stair climbing power improved 3.7-fold in the IHHT group compared to controls (−1.91 ± 2.23 s vs. −0.51 ± 1.93 s, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). Secondary endpoints on dyspnoea, fatigue and HRQoL (PGA, EQ-5D and MCRS) improved significantly in the IHHT group compared to controls. The IHHT group exhibited a significant decrease in blood pressure, heart rate and increase in haemoglobin levels that was not observed in the control group. No adverse events were observed.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"15 6","pages":"2781-2791"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11634465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142666555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anabolic Sensitivity in Healthy, Lean, Older Men Is Associated With Higher Expression of Amino Acid Sensors and mTORC1 Activators Compared to Young","authors":"Oscar Horwath,&nbsp;Marcus Moberg,&nbsp;Nathan Hodson,&nbsp;Sebastian Edman,&nbsp;Mats Johansson,&nbsp;Eva Andersson,&nbsp;Gerrit van Hall,&nbsp;Olav Rooyackers,&nbsp;Andrew Philp,&nbsp;William Apró","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13613","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13613","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Sarcopenia is thought to be underlined by age-associated anabolic resistance and dysregulation of intracellular signalling pathways. However, it is unclear whether these phenomena are driven by ageing per se or other confounding factors.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Lean and healthy young (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 10, 22 ± 3 years, BMI; 23.4 ± 0.8 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) and old men (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 10, 70 ± 3 years, BMI; 22.7 ± 1.3 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) performed unilateral resistance exercise followed by intake of essential amino acids (EAA). Muscle biopsies were collected from the rested and the exercised leg before, immediately after and 60 and 180 min after EAA intake. Muscle samples were analysed for amino acid concentrations, muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and associated anabolic signalling.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Following exercise, peak plasma levels of EAA and leucine were similar between groups, but the area under the curve was ~11% and ~28% lower in Young (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01). Absolute levels of muscle EAA and leucine peaked 60 min after exercise, with ~15 and ~21% higher concentrations in the exercising leg (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01) but with no difference between groups. MPS increased in both the resting (~0.035%·h&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; to 0.056%·h&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) and exercising leg (~0.035%·h&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; to 0.083%·h&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) with no difference between groups. Phosphorylation of S6K1&lt;sup&gt;Thr389&lt;/sup&gt; increased to a similar extent in the exercising leg in both groups but was 2.8-fold higher in the resting leg of Old at the 60 min timepoint (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). Phosphorylation of 4E-BP1&lt;sup&gt;Ser65&lt;/sup&gt; increased following EAA intake and exercise, but differences between legs were statistically different only at 180 min (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). However, phosphorylation of this site was on average 78% greater across all timepoints in Old (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01). Phosphorylation of eEF2&lt;sup&gt;Thr56&lt;/sup&gt; was reduced (~66% and 39%) in the exercising leg at both timepoints after EAA intake and exercise, with no group differences (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). However, phosphorylation at this site was reduced by ~27% also in the resting leg at 60 min, an effect that was only seen in Old (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01). Total levels of Rheb (~45%), LAT1 (~31%) and Rag B (~31%) were higher in Old (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Lean and healthy old men do not manifest AR as evidenced by potent increases in MPS and mTORC1 signalling following EAA intak","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11670179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142666553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on ‘Systematic Druggable Genome-Wide Mendelian Randomization Identifies Therapeutic Targets for Sarcopenia’ by Yin Et Al.","authors":"Tianrui Liu,&nbsp;Feixiang Yang,&nbsp;Kun Wang,&nbsp;Peng Guo,&nbsp;Jialin Meng","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13589","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13589","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;We recently read with great interest the paper by Yin and colleagues [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] that pharmacologically available genomic data, cis-eQTL/cis-pQTL from human blood and skeletal muscle tissue, and GWAS pooled data on sarcopenia related traits were used to analyse the potential causal relationship between drug target genes and sarcopenia. The study employed colocalization and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to identify 17 potential therapeutic targets for sarcopenia. However, in the articles by Yin et al. [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;], they put forward their own views on this method of analysis. Colocalization analysis after MR analysis may introduce uncorrelated pleiotropic effects due to violation of the exclusion–restriction assumption, which cannot strengthen the MR results.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The thriving development of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) over the past decades has laid the foundation for the explosive growth of MR studies in recent years. Recently, an increasing number of MR studies have begun to explore the efficacy and safety of novel drugs and to seek new applications for existing drugs [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;]. Colocalization methods were invented to discover how disease-associated genetic variants revealed by GWAS affect downstream pathways and whether genetic variants may share one or more causal variants with potential biological mediators; they are commonly used as sensitivity analyses after MR analysis to strengthen the reliability of the results [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;]. Identifying and classifying pleiotropy is a crucial step in MR research, which can be divided into vertical pleiotropy and horizontal pleiotropy, with horizontal pleiotropy further divided into uncorrelated horizontal pleiotropy and correlated horizontal pleiotropy. In MR studies, when the exposure of genetic instrumental variable (IV) affects the outcome through its impact on downstream traits, it is vertical pleiotropy, representing the essence of the MR methodology [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;]. Moreover, when exposure IV not only influences the outcome through exposure but also affects the outcome through common confounding factors between exposure and outcome, it is referred to as correlated horizontal pleiotropy. However, uncorrelated horizontal pleiotropy occurs when other genetic variations (such as single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs), due to linkage disequilibrium (LD), collectively impact the outcome alongside the exposure to genetic IV [&lt;span&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Although uncorrelated horizontal pleiotropy can be addressed by methods such as MR-Egger or MR-PRESSO, it may still introduce potential biases to MR results. In cis-MR, colocalization between expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) and GWAS data suggests the sharing of a genetic locus between upstream genes and downstream traits, indicating vertical pleiotropy [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;]. This strengthens the causality in MR and contradicts Yin's claim of violating the third assumption. However, in polygenic MR analysis [&lt;span&gt;","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11670175/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142666554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metagenomic Analysis Identifies Sex-Related Gut Microbial Functions and Bacterial Taxa Associated With Skeletal Muscle Mass","authors":"Hang A. Park,&nbsp;Joohon Sung,&nbsp;Yoosoo Chang,&nbsp;Seungho Ryu,&nbsp;Kyung Jae Yoon,&nbsp;Hyung-Lae Kim,&nbsp;Han-Na Kim","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13636","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13636","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This study aimed to explore the association between gut microbiota functional profiles and skeletal muscle mass, focusing on sex-specific differences in a population under 65 years of age.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Stool samples from participants were analysed using metagenomic shotgun sequencing. Skeletal muscle mass and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) were quantified (SMI [%] = total appendage muscle mass [kg]/body weight [kg] × 100) using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Participants were categorized into SMI quartiles, and associations between gut microbiota, functional profiling and SMI were assessed by sex, adjusting for age, BMI and physical activity.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The cohort included 1027 participants (651 men, 376 women). In men, &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt; (log2 fold change 3.08, &lt;i&gt;q&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001), &lt;i&gt;Ruminococcus_B gnavus&lt;/i&gt; (log2 fold change 2.89, &lt;i&gt;q&lt;/i&gt; = 0.014) and &lt;i&gt;Enterocloster sp001517625&lt;/i&gt; (log2 fold change 2.47, &lt;i&gt;q&lt;/i&gt; = 0.026) were more abundant in the lowest SMI compared to the highest SMI group. In contrast, &lt;i&gt;Bifidobacterium bifidum&lt;/i&gt; (log2 fold change 3.13, &lt;i&gt;q&lt;/i&gt; = 0.025) showed higher levels in the second lowest SMI group in women. Microbial pathways associated with amino acid synthesis (MET-SAM-PWY: log2 fold change 0.42; METSYN-PWY: log2 fold change 0.44; SER-GLYSYN-PWY: log2 fold change 0.20; PWY-5347: log2 fold change 0.41; P4-PWY: log2 fold change 0.53), &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;-acetylneuraminate degradation (log2 fold change 0.43), isoprene biosynthesis (log2 fold change 0.20) and purine nucleotide degradation and salvage (PWY-6353: log2 fold change 0.42; PWY-6608: log2 fold change 0.38; PWY66-409: log2 fold change 0.52; SALVADEHYPOX-PWY: log2 fold change 0.43) were enriched in the lowest SMI in men (&lt;i&gt;q&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.10). In women, the second lowest SMI group showed enrichment in energy-related pathways, including lactic acid fermentation (ANAEROFRUCAT-PWY: log2 fold change 0.19), pentose phosphate pathway (PENTOSE-P-PWY: log2 fold change 0.30) and carbohydrate degradation (PWY-5484: log2 fold change 0.31; GLYCOLYSIS: log2 fold change 0.29; PWY-6901: log2 fold change 0.27) (&lt;i&gt;q&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This study highlights sex-specific differences in gut microbiota and functional pathways associated with SMI. These findings suggest that gut microbiota may play a role in muscle health and point toward microbiota-targeted strategies for maintaining muscle mass.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13636","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinctive Gait Variations and Neuroimaging Correlates in Alzheimer's Disease and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease","authors":"Xia Zhou,&nbsp;Wen-Wen Yin,&nbsp;Chao-Juan Huang,&nbsp;Si-Lu Sun,&nbsp;Zhi-Wei Li,&nbsp;Ming-Xu Li,&nbsp;Meng-Meng Ren,&nbsp;Ya-Ting Tang,&nbsp;Jia-Bin Yin,&nbsp;Wen-Hui Zheng,&nbsp;Chao Zhang,&nbsp;Yu Song,&nbsp;Ke Wan,&nbsp;Yue Sun,&nbsp;Xiao-Qun Zhu,&nbsp;Zhong-Wu Sun","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13616","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13616","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) manifest in cognitive impairment and gait disorders. The precise similarities and differences in gait characteristics and underlying neuroimaging mechanisms remain unclear.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A total of 399 participants were enrolled: 132 with probable &lt;span&gt;AD&lt;/span&gt;, including 98 with mild cognitive impairment due to &lt;span&gt;AD&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span&gt;AD&lt;/span&gt;-MCI) and 34 with &lt;span&gt;AD&lt;/span&gt; dementia, and 185 with CSVD and 82 healthy controls. CSVD patients with cognitive impairment, including subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment (svMCI) and subcortical vascular dementia, were grouped as subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (SVCI). Voxel-based morphology analysis assessed grey matter volume (GMV), while cerebral blood flow (CBF) was derived from 3D-arterial spin labelling data. Gait metrics included the timed up and go (TUG) test, dual-task TUG (DTUG) test, Berg balance scale (BBS), dual-task cost (DTC), step length, gait speed, cadence and coefficient of variation of gait. The relationships among structural and perfusion variations, gait metrics and cognitive function were examined.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;SVCI patients exhibited greater gait impairments and variability than those with &lt;span&gt;AD&lt;/span&gt;, while &lt;span&gt;AD&lt;/span&gt; patients experienced higher DTC (&lt;i&gt;p &lt;&lt;/i&gt; 0.05). These differences were most evident in the MCI stage. In &lt;span&gt;AD&lt;/span&gt;, gait speed correlated with GMV in the left middle occipital gyrus (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; = 6.149), middle temporal gyrus (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; = 4.595), right precuneus (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; = 5.174) and other regions (all &lt;i&gt;p &lt;&lt;/i&gt; 0.025). In SVCI, gait speed was linked to thalamic GMV (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; = 6.004, &lt;i&gt;p &lt;&lt;/i&gt; 0.025). Altered CBF in the parietal lobe and precuneus was associated with DTUG (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; = 5.672), gait speed (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; = 4.347) and BBS (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; = 4.153) in &lt;span&gt;AD&lt;/span&gt;, while cerebellar CBF related to TUG (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; = 6.042), DTUG (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; = 4.857) and BBS (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; = 7.097) in SVCI (all &lt;i&gt;p &lt;&lt;/i&gt; 0.025). In &lt;span&gt;AD&lt;/span&gt;-MCI, memory mediated the effect of hippocampal volume on DTC (indirect effect: −2.432, 95% CI [−5.503, −0.438]), while executive function (indirect effect: −2.920, 95% CI [−7.227, −0.695]) and processing speed (indirect effect: −2.286, 95% CI [−5.174, −0.484]) mediated the effect on DTUG. In svMCI, executive function mediated the effect of thalamic volume on step length (indirect effect: 2.309, 95% CI [0.486, 4.685]) and gait speed (indirect effect: 2.029, 95% CI [0.142, 4.588]), while processing speed mediated the effect on","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"15 6","pages":"2717-2728"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11634515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}