Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle最新文献

{"title":"Anamorelin Efficacy in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients With Cachexia: Insights From ROMANA 1 and ROMANA 2","authors":"Barry J. A. Laird, Richard Skipworth, Philip D. Bonomi, Marie Fallon, Stein Kaasa, Ruben Giorgino, Donald C. McMillan, David C. Currow","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13732","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cancer cachexia presents a significant challenge, but the ghrelin agonist anamorelin shows promise as a potential treatment. This study examined whether the baseline systemic inflammatory response (SIR) (measured by the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score [mGPS]), low BMI or greater weight loss, was associated with a differential treatment effect of anamorelin in people with cachexia and non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ROMANA 1 and ROMANA 2 were double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised Phase 3 trials that enrolled people with inoperable stage III/IV NSCLC with cachexia (≥ 5% weight loss within 6 months or body mass index [BMI] < 20 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). Patients were randomised 2:1 to anamorelin 100 mg once daily or placebo, for 12 weeks. This is a post hoc analysis of efficacy endpoints (body weight and body composition: lean body mass [LBM] and fat mass [FM]), stratified by baseline mGPS, BMI and weight loss and measured in the modified intent-to-treat pooled population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seven hundred ninety-five patients had available data. Anamorelin improved body weight (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and body composition parameters (LBM and FM, <i>p</i> < 0.01) in all mGPS groups. In patients with mGPS = 2, anamorelin increased weight > 5% and improved hand grip strength (HGS) and the Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy Anorexia/Cachexia Subscale (FAACT A/CS). In patients with BMI < 20 kg/m<sup>2</sup> at baseline or weight loss ≥ 10% in the prior 6 months, anamorelin led to significant increases in body weight from baseline (<i>p</i> < 0.001) versus placebo. Patients with weight loss ≥ 10% in the prior 6 months showed the highest improvements in LBM (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Patients with BMI < 20 kg/m<sup>2</sup> at baseline showed the highest improvements in FM (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anamorelin improved body composition parameters in all patients, as well as physical function and symptom burden, particularly in patients with systemic inflammation, BMI < 20 kg/m<sup>2</sup> and weight loss ≥ 10%. These results highlight that the anabolic mechanisms of anamorelin are more effective in high-risk groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>NCT identifiers: ROMANA 1: NCT01387269; ROMANA 2: NCT01387282.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13732","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Hydroxy-Methyl-Butyrate Supplementation on Malnourished Patients Assessed Using AI-Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging","authors":"Daniel de Luis, Angela Cebria, David Primo, Sara Nozal, Olatz Izaola, Eduardo Jorge Godoy, Juan Jose Lopez Gomez","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13700","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13700","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an oral nutritional supplement (ONS) enriched with hydroxy-methyl-butyrate (HMB) in subjects with disease-related malnutrition (DRM) and to monitor these effects with an ultrasound Imaging System, based on artificial intelligence, in a real-world study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty consecutive adult patients with DRM were enrolled. The malnutrition was diagnosed by Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. For 3 months, the patients received nutritional education, and medical nutrition therapy was started with an adapted oral diet and two servings of an oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) with a hyperproteic hypercaloric formula (HMB—enriched). All patients were studied at baseline, and 3 months after intervention, with a nutritional assessment (anthropometry, bioelectrical impedanciometry [BIA], muscle ultrasonography and biochemical parameters). Ultrasound images were automatically quantified using an AI-based ultrasound imaging system.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study included 50 patients (21 men and 29 women) with a mean age of 57.8 ± 18.1 years. Following treatment with the HMB-enriched ONS, the prevalence of sarcopenia decreased significantly (from 24% to 18%; <i>p</i> = 0.01) and severe malnutrition (from 14% to 2%; <i>p</i> = 0.01). An improvement in BIA parameters; phase angle (0.14 ± 0.02°; <i>p</i> = 0.02); phase angle index (0.07 ± 0.01°/m<sup>2</sup>; <i>p</i> = 0.01); fat free mass (1.31 ± 0.12 kg; <i>p</i> = 0.006); skeletal muscle mass (0.51 ± 0.11 kg; <i>p</i> = 0.01); and skeletal muscle mass index (0.31 ± 0.13 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; <i>p</i> = 0.01) were reported. Functional parameters as handgrip strength (1.36 ± 0.21 kg; <i>p</i> = 0.009) and seconds of time up and go test (1.16 ± 0.15 s; <i>p</i> = 0.02) showed also an improvement. The AI-based ultrasound system detected a significant increase in the thickness of the vastus intermedius muscle (TVI) (0.09 ± 0.01 cm; <i>p</i> = 0.008) and an increase of the rectus femoris (TRF) (1.06 ± 0.4 cm; <i>p</i> = 0.07) with the consequence of a significant increase of the (TVITRF) (0.15 ± 0.02 cm; <i>p</i> = 0.008). The sarcopenia index is also significant (1.03 ± 0.3 cm; <i>p</i> = 0.03). Muscle quality, as assessed by echogenicity analysis, improved significantly: muscle index (Mi) (0.04 ± 0.01; <i>p</i> = 0.04) and (fat index) FATi (−0.03 ± 0.01; <i>p</i> = 0.03).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The use of an HMB-enriched","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13700","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gait Speed and All-Cause Mortality in Whole-Spectrum Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Included 6217 Participants","authors":"Fan Zhang,&nbsp;Hui Wang,&nbsp;Yan Bai,&nbsp;Liuyan Huang,&nbsp;Yifei Zhong,&nbsp;Yi Li","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13739","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The quantitative relationship between gait speed and mortality risk in patients with chronic kidney disease remains unclear. This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to estimate the risk of mortality associated with gait speed in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Relevant studies published were identified through literature searches using Embase, PubMed and Web of Science. Prospective cohort studies of adult CKD patients that examined the relationship between gait speed and mortality were included. Random effects meta-analyses based on restricted maximum likelihood to were used to calculate relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The results of meta-analyses were assessed using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seventeen prospective cohort studies involving 6217 CKD patients (mean age range: 51.6–81.85 years; 44.3%–84% male) were included. Pooled analysis of 12 studies (<i>n</i> = 4233) showed that lower gait speed was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality compared to higher gait speed (RR = 2.138; 95% CI: 1.794–2.548; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; <i>I</i>² = 16.0%; high-certainty evidence) in CKD patients. Dose–response meta-analysis of 6 studies (<i>n</i> = 1650) revealed that each 0.1 m/s increase in gait speed was associated with a 25.7% lower risk of all-cause mortality (RR = 0.743; 95% CI: 0.580–0.955; <i>p</i> = 0.018; <i>I</i>² = 45.0%; high-certainty evidence).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Slower gait speed is a strong predictor of all-cause mortality in CKD patients, including those undergoing dialysis or kidney transplantation. Gait speed assessment should be incorporated into routine clinical evaluations to identify high-risk patients and guide interventions aimed at improving physical function and survival outcomes.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Trial Registration:</b> PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022340135</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13739","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting In-Hospital Fall Risk Using Machine Learning With Real-Time Location System and Electronic Medical Records","authors":"Dong Won Kim,&nbsp;Jihoon Seo,&nbsp;Sujin Kwon,&nbsp;Chan Min Park,&nbsp;Changho Han,&nbsp;Yujeong Kim,&nbsp;Jaewoong Kim,&nbsp;Chul Sik Kim,&nbsp;Seok Won Park,&nbsp;Dukyong Yoon,&nbsp;Kyoung Min Kim","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13713","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Hospital falls are the most prevalent and fatal event in healthcare, posing significant risks to patient health outcomes and institutional care quality. Real-time location system (RTLS) enables continuous tracking of patient location, providing a unique opportunity to monitor changes in physical activity, a key factor related to the risk of falls in hospitals. This study is aimed at utilizing RTLS data to capture dynamic patient movements, integrating it with clinical information through a machine learning approach to enhance in-hospital fall predictions.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This retrospective study developed and compared three models: clinical data only, RTLS data only and a combined data model. It included 22 201 patients from Yongin Severance Hospital, South Korea, from March 2020 to June 2022, with 118 fall patients and 443 nonfall patients selected through random sampling and relevant criteria for detailed analysis, totaling 561 patients. The average age of the participants was 70.1 years, with a median of 71.0 years (IQR: 60.0–80.0). Among participants, 52.6% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 295) were male. This study evaluated the occurrence of the first fall during hospitalization. The performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC), the area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) and the Brier score. The Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) method and decision curve analysis (DCA) were employed to enhance model explainability and assess the clinical utility of the models.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The RTLS model showed significant predictive accuracy for hospital falls, with an AUROC of 0.813 (95% CI: 0.703–0.903). The clinical + RTLS model outperformed those using only one type of data, achieving an AUROC of 0.847 (95% CI: 0.764–0.917), AUPRC of 0.667 (95% CI: 0.472–0.816) and Brier score of 0.120 (95% CI: 0.083–0.162), with significant differences in performance metrics (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001). DCA confirmed its greater clinical benefit. SHAP analysis indicated that patients who experienced falls tended to have less active time and slower movement speed just before the fall compared to the early hospitalization period, despite attempting to move more. Additionally, higher fall incidence was significantly associated with sedative use and higher red cell distribution width (RDW) levels.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This study underscores the capability of utilizing RTLS to predict in-hospital falls by tracking t","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13713","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GDF15 Neutralization Ameliorates Muscle Atrophy and Exercise Intolerance in a Mouse Model of Mitochondrial Myopathy","authors":"Stephen E. Flaherty III,&nbsp;LouJin Song,&nbsp;Bina Albuquerque,&nbsp;Anthony Rinaldi,&nbsp;Mary Piper,&nbsp;Dinesh Hirenallur Shanthappa,&nbsp;Xian Chen,&nbsp;John Stansfield,&nbsp;Shoh Asano,&nbsp;Evanthia Pashos,&nbsp;Trenton Thomas Ross,&nbsp;Srinath Jagarlapudi,&nbsp;Abdul Sheikh,&nbsp;Bei Zhang,&nbsp;Zhidan Wu","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13715","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Primary mitochondrial myopathies (PMMs) are disorders caused by mutations in genes encoding mitochondrial proteins and proteins involved in mitochondrial function. PMMs are characterized by loss of muscle mass and strength as well as impaired exercise capacity. Growth/Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) was reported to be highly elevated in PMMs and cancer cachexia. Previous studies have shown that GDF15 neutralization is effective in improving skeletal muscle mass and function in cancer cachexia. It remains to be determined if the inhibition of GDF15 could be beneficial for PMMs. The purpose of the present study is to assess whether treatment with a GDF15 neutralizing antibody can alleviate muscle atrophy and physical performance impairment in a mouse model of PMM.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The effects of GDF15 neutralization on PMM were assessed using Polg&lt;sup&gt;D257A/D257A&lt;/sup&gt; (POLG) mice. These mice express a proofreading-deficient version of the mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma, leading to an increased rate of mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). These animals display increased circulating GDF15 levels, reduced muscle mass and function, exercise intolerance, and premature aging. Starting at 9 months of age, the mice were treated with an anti-GDF15 antibody (mAB2) once per week for 12 weeks. Body weight, food intake, body composition, and muscle mass were assessed. Muscle function and exercise capacity were evaluated using in vivo concentric max force stimulation assays, forced treadmill running and voluntary home-cage wheel running. Mechanistic investigations were performed via muscle histology, bulk transcriptomic analysis, RT-qPCR and western blotting.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Anti-GDF15 antibody treatment ameliorated the metabolic phenotypes of the POLG animals, improving body weight (+13% ± 8%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001), lean mass (+13% ± 15%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) and muscle mass (+35% ± 24%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). Additionally, the treatment improved skeletal muscle max force production (+35% ± 43%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) and exercise performance, including treadmill (+40% ± 29%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) and voluntary wheel running (+320% ± 19%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Mechanistically, the beneficial effects of GDF15 neutralization are linked to the reversal of the transcriptional dysregulation in genes involved in autophagy and proteasome signalling. The treatment also appears to dampen glucocorticoid signalling by suppressing circulating corticosterone levels in the POLG animals.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13715","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Radiation Dose on CT-Based Body Composition Analysis: A Large-Animal Study","authors":"Luca Salhöfer,&nbsp;Gregor Jost,&nbsp;Mathias Meetschen,&nbsp;Daniel van Landeghem,&nbsp;Michael Forsting,&nbsp;Denise Bos,&nbsp;Christian Bojahr,&nbsp;Rene Hosch,&nbsp;Felix Nensa,&nbsp;Hubertus Pietsch,&nbsp;Johannes Haubold","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13741","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;CT-based body composition analysis (BCA) enables the extraction of biomarkers from routine CT data. The influence of body composition on the prognosis of different patient groups has been highlighted in recent years. Typically, the segmentation of muscle and fat compartments is performed with a thresholding-based subsegmentation, which might be influenced by the image noise as a function of radiation dose. This study was performed to investigate the impact of the radiation dose on a fully automated, volumetric CT-based BCA.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;In this animal study, 20 Göttingen minipigs were subjected to CT scans on six occasions under five different dose settings with gradations compared to the control given in % from volumetric CT dose index (CTDIvol) of the control (5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, control [10.01 mGy]). A database with full dose (FD) and quarter dose (QD) CT scans from The Cancer Imaging Archive served as a human validation cohort. A previously open-source published and validated BCA network was applied to each scan. The following features were extracted as volumes (mL): bone, muscle, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), intermuscular and intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and total adipose tissue (TAT). Statistical significance was assessed by a one-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons or Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn's post-hoc tests. The correlation between feature volumes in the dose gradations and the control group was analysed using the Spearman or Pearson method.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;All BCA features remained consistent up to the 10% group and showed no significant differences compared with the control. In the lowest dose group (5%), there were significant differences concerning the muscle (5% = 1295 mL [211 mL], control = 1338 mL [248 mL]; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.032) and VAT volumetry (5% = 353 mL [208 mL], control = 312 mL [204 mL]; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.026) with median differences of −3.13% (muscle) and 12.3% (VAT), respectively. Significant and strong positive correlations were observed between all low-dose groups and the control (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.977, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). The human validation analysis yielded constant volumes for every BCA feature with a strong positive correlation (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.933, p &lt; 0.001).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Fully automated BCA maintains consistent results in various low-dose settings. Significant deviations are only observed after more than 90% dose reduction in the l","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13741","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143456050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-Magnitude High-Frequency Vibration Attenuates Sarcopenia by Modulating Mitochondrial Quality Control via Inhibiting miR-378","authors":"Yu-Feng Long,&nbsp;Can Cui,&nbsp;Qianjin Wang,&nbsp;Zhen Xu,&nbsp;Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow,&nbsp;Ning Zhang,&nbsp;Ronald Man Yeung Wong,&nbsp;Elvis Chun-Sing Chui,&nbsp;Rebecca Schoenmehl,&nbsp;Christoph Brochhausen,&nbsp;Clinton Rubin,&nbsp;Gang Li,&nbsp;Ling Qin,&nbsp;Da-Zhi Yang,&nbsp;Wing-Hoi Cheung","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13740","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Sarcopenia, the age-related decline in muscle mass and muscle strength, significantly contributes to falls, diminished quality of life, and mortality. Although mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly implicated in sarcopenia, the underlying mechanisms are not fully discovered. Low-magnitude high-frequency vibration (LMHFV), a recommended treatment by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to reduce fall risk, remains poorly understood of the mechanism on improving skeletal muscle quality. This study aims to investigate whether mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to sarcopenia and evaluate whether LMHFV mitigates sarcopenia by improving mitochondrial homeostasis.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The relationship between mitochondria dysfunction and sarcopenia using senescence accelerated mice prone 8 (SAMP8) model was investigated, assessing muscle and mitochondria. The effects of LMHFV on muscle and mitochondria were evaluated in SAMP8 mice during sarcopenia progression. The role of miR-378 in muscle and mitochondrial homeostasis were evaluated in SAMP8 mice and transgenic over-expressing miR-378 mice (TG mice). The target gene of miR-378 was investigated by dual-luciferase reporter assay in C2C12 cells. Subsequently, we evaluated the effect of LMHFV on miR-378 using both mouse models.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Reduction in muscle strength was observed from the ages of month 8 to 10 in SAMP8 mice (grip strength decreased 27.1%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0263; twitch force decreased 29.1%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0178; tetanic force decreased 29.9%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.011), as well as muscle atrophy (cross-section area: 38.3%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0121). Mitochondrial morphological deterioration was noticed from month 6 to 10. Mitochondrial homeostasis, including biogenesis, fusion, fission, mitophagy, and ATP production declined from month 6 to 10. Compared to control group at month 10, knocking down miR-378 in SAMP8 mice mitigated sarcopenia (twitch force increased 44.3%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0023; tetanic force increased 51.9%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0005), improved mitochondrial morphologies (mitochondrial number increased 1.65-fold, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0023; mitochondrial density increased 1.65-fold, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0023; mitochondrial relative area increased 9.05-fold, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0019) along with improved mitochondrial homeostasis. Over-expressing miR-378 in transgenic mice exacerbated muscle atrophy and mitochondrial deterioration significantly. The dual-luciferase reporter assay in C2C12 cells revealed that miR-378 inhibited PGC-1α directivity. LMHFV was found to mitigate sarcopenia by modulating mitochondrial home","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13740","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping Normative Muscle Health Metrics Across the Aging Continuum: A Multinational Study Pooling Data From Eight Cohorts in Japan, Malaysia and Taiwan","authors":"Liang-Kung Chen,&nbsp;Lin-Chieh Meng,&nbsp;Li-Ning Peng,&nbsp;Wei-Ju Lee,&nbsp;Shu Zhang,&nbsp;Yukiko Nishita,&nbsp;Rei Otsuka,&nbsp;Minoru Yamada,&nbsp;Wen-Harn Pan,&nbsp;Shahrul Bahyah Kamaruzzaman,&nbsp;Jean Woo,&nbsp;Fei-Yuan Hsiao,&nbsp;Hidenori Arai","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13731","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The vigour of our musculature wanes as the years advance, and prognosticating the concomitant trajectories throughout the course of life assumes paramount importance for judicious and timely interventions. In the present study, we aimed to establish age- and sex-specific reference centiles for multiple muscle health metrics and reveal the distributions of these metrics throughout the aging process in the Asian population.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;By using cross-sectional pooled data of community dwellers aged 20 years or older in eight cohorts from Taiwan, Japan and Malaysia, normative values for muscle health metrics (calf circumference (cm), relative appendicular skeletal muscle (RASM) (kilogram per square metre), body mass index (BMI)–adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass (kilogram/(kilogram per square metre)), handgrip strength (kilogram), five-time chair stand (seconds) and gait speed (metre per second)) in men and women, categorized by age groups, are calculated. The mean values, along with the 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 95th percentiles of these muscle health metrics, are also delineated for both sexes.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Among 34 265 (16 164 men, 18 101 women) participants from eight cohorts, calf circumference declined in age groups from 60 years onward. RASM values declined from the 50s in men but were stable in women until the 80s. ASM/BMI values showed declines in older age groups for both sexes. Handgrip strength declined similarly from 40 years of age in both sexes. Five-time chair stand performance declined from the 30s. Gait speed peaked at 1.6 m/s in men in their 50s and then declined, while it declined in women in their 60s. The inflection points for decline differed by metric and sex. The 20th percentile cutoffs for individuals aged 65–69 years were as follows: calf circumference, 33.0 cm (men) and 31.5 cm (women); RASM, 7.0 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (men) and 5.5 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (women); ASM/BMI, 0.78 kg/(kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) (men) and 0.56 kg/(kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) (women); handgrip strength, 30.4 kg (men) and 18.1 kg (women); five-time chair stand, 9.4 s (men) and 10.0 s (women); and gait speed, 0.9 m/s (both). Those in the fifth percentile of all muscle health metrics faced earlier declines than their 95th percentile counterparts did, highlighting the critical roles in identifying these high-risk groups.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The pooled analysis of eight Asian cohorts clearly outlined the age-related changes in various musc","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13731","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant and Animal Protein Intake and Transitions From Multimorbidity to Frailty and Mortality in Older Adults","authors":"Aitana Vázquez-Fernández,&nbsp;Francisco F. Caballero,&nbsp;Humberto Yévenes-Briones,&nbsp;Ellen A. Struijk,&nbsp;Ana Baylin,&nbsp;Teresa T. Fung,&nbsp;Esther Lopez-Garcia","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13729","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Multimorbidity is the most common chronic condition experienced among older adults. It is unknown which amount and source of protein influences the development of frailty and mortality in patients with multimorbidity. We aimed to examine the association of plant and animal sources of protein intake with frailty and mortality among this type of patients.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This longitudinal study included 1868 participants aged ≥ 60 years from the Seniors-ENRICA cohort in Spain with multimorbidity, defined as having 2 or more clinician-diagnosed chronic diseases. Habitual diet was assessed at baseline (2008–2010) with a validated computerized diet history. Participants underwent repeated physical examinations (in 2013, 2015 and 2017) for assessment of frailty (≥ 3 criteria from the frailty phenotype: low physical activity, slow walking speed, muscle weakness, weight loss and exhaustion). All-cause mortality was assessed up to January 2022. Analyses were conducted using Cox proportional hazard models and multistate models adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle and other dietary factors.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Mean consumption of protein was 90.2 (standard deviation [SD]: 26.8) g/day, which represents 18.7% of the total energy intake and 1.23 (0.39) g per kg of body weight per day. Plant protein represented 6.16% of the energy intake, while animal protein represented 12.5%. During a median follow-up of 12.9 (range: 11.7–13.9) years, we documented 196 incident cases of frailty and 490 deaths; of these mortality cases, 83 individuals died after a frailty diagnosis. Higher intake of total protein was associated with decreased risk of frailty (hazard ratio [HR] for tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45, 0.96; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; trend: 0.03). In multistate models, higher fish protein intake decreased the risk in the progression from multimorbidity to frailty (HR per 1-SD increment: 0.81 [95% CI: 0.68, 0.97]), and higher plant protein decreased the risk of progressing from multimorbidity to mortality (0.86 [0.75, 0.98]). In the progression from frailty to mortality, estimates for total, plant and animal protein showed increased risk (HR for 1 SD increment in total protein: 1.38 [1.05, 1.81]; HR for plant protein: 1.29 [1.01, 1.67]; HR for animal protein: 1.41 [1.04, 1.92]). No significant associations were found between meat protein and dairy protein in any transition.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;In individuals with multimorbid","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13729","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weight Gain Among Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy—Facts and Numbers","authors":"Muhammad Shahzeb Khan,&nbsp;Javed Butler,&nbsp;Markus Anker","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13694","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cachexia affects up to 60% of patients with lung cancer, with its prevalence rising up to 80% in advanced stages of disease. In approximately 20% of cases, it is the primary cause of mortality. Five studies, including a total of 4467 patients, across range of cancer types reported data on weight gain in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Across all five studies, an average of 18.3% of patients experienced weight gain &gt; 5% (816 out of 4467 patients). The frequency of weight gain &gt; 5% was highest among breast cancer patients, 18.9% in Pedersini et al (<i>n</i> = 169) and 33.0% in Sella et al (<i>n</i> = 687). In NSCLC patients, weight gain was reported in 18.3% in patients in Patel et al (<i>n</i> = 2301) and 11.7% in Roeland et al (<i>n</i> = 1030). In contrast, colorectal cancer patients showed only 5.7% of weight gain &gt; 5% (Zutphen et al, <i>n</i> = 280). Additionally, weight loss &gt; 5% was reported in 15.1% of breast cancer patients and 28.3% of colorectal cancer patients. Despite weight loss being quantified as a common endpoint in clinical trials focused on cancer cachexia, there is limited data on the impact of weight gain as a marker of a positive outcome among cancer patients. Studies have shown that weight gain of more than 5% within 3 months in NSCLC patients can be associated with improvement in overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) scores. In this post hoc analysis by Roeland et al., the authors defined different percentage cut-off values for maximum weight gain among patients with non–small cell lung cancer within 3 months of starting platinum-based chemotherapy. Among all categories, namely, weight gain &gt; 0%, &gt; 2.5% and &gt; 5%, a significant benefit in overall and progression-free survival was seen and was comparable among all groups. These findings highlight the clinical significance of incorporating strategies that encourage weight gain and to prevent weight loss at the least among cancer patients. Along with further delving into the prognostic value of weight gain and developing methods to encourage this response among cancer patients, future studies should use standardized assessment tools to identify weight gain that could be attributed to underlying pathologic processes such as oedema and congestion. We also suggest that monitoring and reporting of weight changes should be done in all cancer trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13694","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}