Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders最新文献

{"title":"The perceived long-term impact of COVID-19 on OCD symptomology","authors":"Danielle Dennis ,&nbsp;Eleanor McGlinchey ,&nbsp;Michael G. Wheaton","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>A pandemic outbreak can lead to excessive, maladaptive levels of anxiety, particularly among individuals who already suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) provided a novel opportunity to examine the possibility that individuals with OCD, compared to those without OCD, might experience greater distress from this common stressor. The present study examined the lasting effects of COVID-19 in the year after the outbreak. Additionally, there is limited research regarding the stability of OCD dimensions; therefore, this study examined whether the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the stability of OCD dimensions. One hundred and forty-three adults who reported they had been diagnosed with OCD and ninety-eight adults without OCD, completed an online survey assessing the impact the COVID-19 pandemic had on symptoms of OCD in the year after the initial outbreak. The OCD group showed greater concern about the pandemic and greater concern about future pandemics compared to the comparison group. In addition, COVID-19 related distress differentially related to </span>OCD symptoms dimensions, showing the strongest association with the contamination dimension. Lastly, results showed that many individuals reported that their OCD dimension shifted to obsessions about COVID-19 from their pre-existing OCD dimension.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100812"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10239286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9653184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of an internet-based self-help program treating skin picking disorder with a multiple baseline design: A pilot study","authors":"Linda M. Mehrmann ,&nbsp;Hunger Antje ,&nbsp;Alexander L. Gerlach","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>People affected by skin picking<span> disorder (SPD) feel a strong urge to manipulate their skin and feel incapable of stopping. First studies on cognitive-behavioral treatments found moderate to large effects on the reduction of symptomatology. We developed an easy to access cognitive-behavioral self-help program and tested its efficacy on SPD.</span></p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>The program includes modules on self-awareness, psychoeducation<span>, strategies to control picking and relapse-prevention. In a multiple baseline-design 43 women diagnosed with SPD accessed the online program. Symptomatology was assessed via skin picking scales before, throughout, and after the completion of the intervention. We analyzed the data using a repeated measurement ANOVA and planned contrasts.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We found significant large effects for skin picking symptom reduction throughout a 6-month follow-up (0.325 ≤ <em>η</em>_<em>p</em>² ≤ 0.430) for completers (<em>n</em> = 25). In planned contrasts the significant reduction of symptoms (after baseline self-monitoring) to 6-month follow-up was large (0.281 ≤ <em>η</em>_<em>p</em>² ≤ 0.375).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>With the internet-based self-help program <em>Knibbelstopp</em><span> we implemented an efficacious self-help tool for SPD, which requires further investigation regarding generalizability of this effect. Our self-help program is accessible online and may help to improve the health care situation for German speaking individuals with SPD.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100811"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43563680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-help for body-focused repetitive behaviors: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Stella Schmotz ,&nbsp;Sarah Weidinger ,&nbsp;Valentin Markov ,&nbsp;Danielle Penney ,&nbsp;Steffen Moritz","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) are frequent but under-treated </span>psychological disorders<span>. The present study examined efficacy of three behavioral self-help techniques to reduce BFRBs: habit reversal training (HRT), decoupling (DC), and decoupling in sensu (DC-is). A total of 391 participants with BFRBs were randomly assigned to either HRT, DC, DC-is, or to a waitlist control group (WLC). After six weeks, a post assessment was conducted. The Generic Body-Focused Repetitive Behavior Scale-36 (GBS-36) served as the primary outcome. There were significant main effects for improvement in BFRB and depressive symptomatology<span> over time, regardless of group assignment. For all GBS-36 scales, treatment groups showed greater improvement than WLC. DC and DC-is consistently showed greater improvements compared to WLC. According to moderator analyses individuals with more severe symptoms in the HRT and DC-is conditions benefited to a greater extent compared to WLC in terms of BFRB symptomatology. Also, individuals in DC condition with more severe depressive symptomatology showed a better outcome compared to HRT and WLC. Moreover, individuals with trichotillomania benefited more from DC or DC-is than from HRT. Subjective ratings of the techniques were satisfactory and comparable across groups, with DC-is receiving slightly lower subjective ratings. Future research should address the effects of the techniques when combined with psychotherapy. Also, long-term effects should be evaluated.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100810"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45897707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obsessive-compulsive disorder in youth and young adults with depression: Clinical characteristics of comorbid presentations","authors":"David B. Riddle ,&nbsp;Andrew Guzick ,&nbsp;Abu Minhajuddin ,&nbsp;Orri Smárason ,&nbsp;Gabrielle M. Armstrong ,&nbsp;Holli Slater ,&nbsp;Taryn L. Mayes ,&nbsp;Lynnel C. Goodman ,&nbsp;Denise L. Baughn ,&nbsp;Sarah L. Martin ,&nbsp;Sarah M. Wakefield ,&nbsp;Joseph Blader ,&nbsp;Ryan Brown ,&nbsp;Silvina Tonarelli ,&nbsp;Wayne K. Goodman ,&nbsp;Madhukar H. Trivedi ,&nbsp;Eric A. Storch","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety disorders, and depressive disorders are highly comorbid, and each contribute to significant functional impairment for affected youth. Comorbid anxiety disorders in depressed youth have been associated with greater depressive symptom severity and impairment, but the impact of comorbid OCD in this population remains unclear. Accordingly, the present study examined the differential clinical characteristics of youth with depression and comorbid OCD relative to age/gender matched depressed youth with no such comorbidity and to those with depression and a comorbid (non-OCD) anxiety disorder. A sample of 797 youth and young adults ages 8–20 years who met diagnostic criteria for depression alone, depression with co-occurring OCD or any anxiety disorder were included in the present study. Rates of comorbid anxiety and OCD were very high (60.5% and 15.5%, respectively). Relative to youth with only depression, depressed youth with comorbid OCD or anxiety had greater severity of depression, suicidality, and overall impairment in social, physical, and emotional functioning. These results highlight the contribution of OCD or anxiety comorbidity in more complex clinical presentations for depressed youth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100820"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10373162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9916602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpersonal transmission of ROCD symptoms and susceptibility to infidelity in romantic relationships","authors":"Ran Littman ,&nbsp;Gal Leibovits ,&nbsp;Coral Netzach Halfon ,&nbsp;Maya Schonbach ,&nbsp;Guy Doron","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Relationship obsessive–compulsive disorder (ROCD) is a disabling presentation of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) centering on close interpersonal relationships. Previous studies focused on the personal consequences of </span>ROCD symptoms. Yet, studies investigating the consequences of ROCD symptoms on one's partner are scarce. In this study, we assessed whether exposure to romantic partners' elevated ROCD symptoms would heighten participants' ROCD symptoms and would increase participants' evaluation of their own and their partners' susceptibility to infidelity. Heterosexual couples (</span><em>N</em>_couples = 50; <em>M</em>_age<span> = 25.8) completed self-report questionnaires. One randomly selected partner of each romantic dyad was then randomly allocated to being exposed to information suggesting their partner has low (low-exposure) or high (high-exposure) levels of ROCD symptoms. Results indicated that participants in the high-exposure group showed higher ROCD symptoms than participants in the low-exposure group. Exposure to allegedly elevated levels of partners' ROCD symptoms also led participants to evaluate their own and their partners' susceptibility to infidelity as higher than participants in the low-exposure group, particularly among participants with pre-existing ROCD symptoms. These results illustrate a ‘contagious’ effect of unmediated exposure to partners' ROCD symptoms and its potentially unfavorable consequences. Clinical implications regarding partner involvement in the treatment of ROCD are discussed.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100802"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45330344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extending the cognitive-behavioral model of Body Dysmorphic Disorder: The role of attachment anxiety and self-ambivalence","authors":"Daniel B. Fassnacht ,&nbsp;Kathina Ali ,&nbsp;Michael Kyrios","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to extend the cognitive-behavioral model of Body Dysmorphic Disorder<span> (BDD) by exploring the role of insecure attachment and self-ambivalence on the relationship between two specific cognitive factors, namely appearance orientation (seeing the self as an aesthetic object) and appearance evaluation (negative appraisal of internal body image), on levels of BDD severity. A convenience sample of 304 Australian residents (72.4% females) completed online self-report measures; 53% reported clinical or subclinical levels of BDD. Attachment anxiety and self-ambivalence were both associated with BDD severity, as were both cognitive factors. The direct effect of attachment anxiety was no longer significant after controlling for self-ambivalence, appearance orientation and evaluation. However, significant specific indirect effects were found suggesting that individuals who report greater levels of insecure attachment and self-ambivalence exhibit greater appearance orientation and negative appearance evaluation which, in turn, results in higher levels of BDD. The indirect effect through self-ambivalence was strongest suggesting a central role of self in the relationship between attachment anxiety and BDD severity. The current research demonstrates the importance of attachment anxiety and self-ambivalence in the context of BDD and implicates their potential role in treatment; however, further clinical studies are needed.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100803"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45574915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel experimental investigation of online imagery rescripting for obsessive-compulsive prospective imagery","authors":"David D.J. Cooper,&nbsp;Gordana Popovic,&nbsp;Jessica R. Grisham","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Emerging evidence suggests that rescripting intrusive mental imagery may reduce OCD symptoms. We tested whether a similar process could be adapted to an online experimental format. Amazon mTurk workers high in OCD traits (<em>n</em> = 198) were asked to identify OCD-related imagery of the future. They were then randomised to one of three audio-guided imagery conditions: rescripting, exposure, or a distracting control. We found that self-appraisals improved across all three conditions. Participants in the rescripting condition also reported greater reductions in aversive emotions, the vividness of their imagery, and their urge to neutralise the imagery, compared to those in the exposure condition. Results from the control condition were consistent with distraction. These experimental findings suggest that imagery rescripting in a standardised audio-guided format may facilitate emotional processing. Suggestions to improve on methodological limitations are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100799"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46506790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early life stress in adults with hoarding disorder: A mixed methods study","authors":"Catherine Sanchez ,&nbsp;Omer Linkovski ,&nbsp;Peter van Roessel ,&nbsp;Naomi Maayan Steinberg ,&nbsp;Elizabeth McCarthy ,&nbsp;Paula Andrea Muñoz Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Tatevik Avanesyan ,&nbsp;Pavithra Mukunda ,&nbsp;Randy O. Frost ,&nbsp;Carolyn I. Rodriguez","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Traumatic life events are common among individuals with hoarding disorder<span><span> (HD), though rates of posttraumatic stress disorder are no higher than in other groups. HD symptoms typically begin to appear in mid-childhood, and </span>early life stress<span> (ELS) is a known associated feature of negative mental health outcomes. The specifics of this relationship are still unclear.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We obtained Early Life Stress Questionnaire (ELSQ) responses from 35 participants with HD, 22 participants with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and 23 non-clinical control participants. We combined these quantitative data with qualitative interviews exploring what role ELS experiences play in HD.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Per the ELSQ, individuals with HD reported significantly more ELS events than the non-clinical control participants. In qualitative interviews, HD participants described the ELS events that were most impactful in shaping their relationship to material possessions; these events tended to be long in duration and elicited feelings of scarcity of emotional support. Participants described relying on possessions in place of relationships and viewed possessions as potential sources of connection to peers.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our qualitative and quantitative results build on the cognitive behavioral model of HD, emphasizing early experiences of prolonged stress or scarcity of emotional support as a key contributing vulnerability factor. Specific differences are consistent with earlier research that people with HD experience absence of early warmth. They further suggest that screening for ELS experiences is important when working with individuals with HD, and that HD treatments may benefit from increased focus on social and emotional connection building.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100785"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42231704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (R-OCD): The role of relationship duration, fear of guilt, and personality traits","authors":"Luigi Tinella ,&nbsp;Luca Lunardi ,&nbsp;Laura Rigobello ,&nbsp;Andrea Bosco ,&nbsp;Francesco Mancini","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Relationship Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (ROCD) is considered a clinical variant of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) in which obsessions may be focused on the relationship itself (relationship-centered ROCD [RC-ROCD]), or on the partner's perceived flaws (partner-focused ROCD [PF-ROCD]). Despite the growing interest in ROCD, not much is known regarding contextual, cognitive, and personality determinants of the symptoms. Using multiple regression analysis, we investigated results of an online survey administered to 164 healthy participants, assessing fear of guilt, RC- and PF-ROCD symptoms, and narcissistic and paranoic </span>personality traits<span>. Results showed the significant effects of fear of guilt and relationship duration on both ROCD subtypes. Narcissism was found to predict PF-ROCD only, and effects of paranoia were found to predict RC-ROCD only, providing possible support for differential diagnoses. We discuss influence mechanisms. Taken together, these results offer a valuable source of knowledge in approaching the assessment of and intervention for ROCD as well as sexual dysfunction.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100801"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41464147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy and feasibility of a fully automated, web-based acceptance-enhanced behavioral treatment for trichotillomania in adults: A randomized waitlist-controlled trial","authors":"Leila K. Capel,&nbsp;Julie M. Petersen,&nbsp;McKenzie R. Becker,&nbsp;Michael E. Levin,&nbsp;Michael P. Twohig","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Treatment access for those with </span>trichotillomania<span><span> is limited by several issues including professionals’ lack of knowledge of the disorder, proximity to providers, and financial constraints. Acceptance-enhanced behavioral therapy (AEBT) has been implemented in groups and using telehealth to reach a larger population. However, these methods still require </span>therapist time and incur notable costs. This study aimed to address the gap in trichotillomania treatment accessibility by examining the feasibility and efficacy of a self-guided, web-based AEBT treatment for adults with trichotillomania across the United States. Participants completed an eight-module asynchronous program over eight weeks. The effects of the website were tested with 81 adults with trichotillomania randomized into a treatment and waitlist condition. Results demonstrated statistically stronger decreases in the treatment condition over the waitlist condition across outcomes including trichotillomania symptoms severity, trichotillomania-related psychological flexibility, well-being, total distress, depression, and stress. Treatment effects were maintained at one month follow-up. Anxiety did not significantly decrease between conditions, but a significant decrease was found across time. Of participants in the treatment condition, 52.8% (vs 15% for waitlist) met treatment responder status from pre-to post-treatment and 30.5% (vs 10% for waitlist) met responder status from pre-treatment to follow-up. Implications of these preliminary findings are discussed.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100800"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47565103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}