Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Early life stress in adults with hoarding disorder: A mixed methods study","authors":"Catherine Sanchez ,&nbsp;Omer Linkovski ,&nbsp;Peter van Roessel ,&nbsp;Naomi Maayan Steinberg ,&nbsp;Elizabeth McCarthy ,&nbsp;Paula Andrea Muñoz Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Tatevik Avanesyan ,&nbsp;Pavithra Mukunda ,&nbsp;Randy O. Frost ,&nbsp;Carolyn I. Rodriguez","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Traumatic life events are common among individuals with hoarding disorder<span><span> (HD), though rates of posttraumatic stress disorder are no higher than in other groups. HD symptoms typically begin to appear in mid-childhood, and </span>early life stress<span> (ELS) is a known associated feature of negative mental health outcomes. The specifics of this relationship are still unclear.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We obtained Early Life Stress Questionnaire (ELSQ) responses from 35 participants with HD, 22 participants with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and 23 non-clinical control participants. We combined these quantitative data with qualitative interviews exploring what role ELS experiences play in HD.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Per the ELSQ, individuals with HD reported significantly more ELS events than the non-clinical control participants. In qualitative interviews, HD participants described the ELS events that were most impactful in shaping their relationship to material possessions; these events tended to be long in duration and elicited feelings of scarcity of emotional support. Participants described relying on possessions in place of relationships and viewed possessions as potential sources of connection to peers.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our qualitative and quantitative results build on the cognitive behavioral model of HD, emphasizing early experiences of prolonged stress or scarcity of emotional support as a key contributing vulnerability factor. Specific differences are consistent with earlier research that people with HD experience absence of early warmth. They further suggest that screening for ELS experiences is important when working with individuals with HD, and that HD treatments may benefit from increased focus on social and emotional connection building.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100785"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42231704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (R-OCD): The role of relationship duration, fear of guilt, and personality traits","authors":"Luigi Tinella ,&nbsp;Luca Lunardi ,&nbsp;Laura Rigobello ,&nbsp;Andrea Bosco ,&nbsp;Francesco Mancini","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Relationship Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (ROCD) is considered a clinical variant of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) in which obsessions may be focused on the relationship itself (relationship-centered ROCD [RC-ROCD]), or on the partner's perceived flaws (partner-focused ROCD [PF-ROCD]). Despite the growing interest in ROCD, not much is known regarding contextual, cognitive, and personality determinants of the symptoms. Using multiple regression analysis, we investigated results of an online survey administered to 164 healthy participants, assessing fear of guilt, RC- and PF-ROCD symptoms, and narcissistic and paranoic </span>personality traits<span>. Results showed the significant effects of fear of guilt and relationship duration on both ROCD subtypes. Narcissism was found to predict PF-ROCD only, and effects of paranoia were found to predict RC-ROCD only, providing possible support for differential diagnoses. We discuss influence mechanisms. Taken together, these results offer a valuable source of knowledge in approaching the assessment of and intervention for ROCD as well as sexual dysfunction.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100801"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41464147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy and feasibility of a fully automated, web-based acceptance-enhanced behavioral treatment for trichotillomania in adults: A randomized waitlist-controlled trial","authors":"Leila K. Capel,&nbsp;Julie M. Petersen,&nbsp;McKenzie R. Becker,&nbsp;Michael E. Levin,&nbsp;Michael P. Twohig","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Treatment access for those with </span>trichotillomania<span><span> is limited by several issues including professionals’ lack of knowledge of the disorder, proximity to providers, and financial constraints. Acceptance-enhanced behavioral therapy (AEBT) has been implemented in groups and using telehealth to reach a larger population. However, these methods still require </span>therapist time and incur notable costs. This study aimed to address the gap in trichotillomania treatment accessibility by examining the feasibility and efficacy of a self-guided, web-based AEBT treatment for adults with trichotillomania across the United States. Participants completed an eight-module asynchronous program over eight weeks. The effects of the website were tested with 81 adults with trichotillomania randomized into a treatment and waitlist condition. Results demonstrated statistically stronger decreases in the treatment condition over the waitlist condition across outcomes including trichotillomania symptoms severity, trichotillomania-related psychological flexibility, well-being, total distress, depression, and stress. Treatment effects were maintained at one month follow-up. Anxiety did not significantly decrease between conditions, but a significant decrease was found across time. Of participants in the treatment condition, 52.8% (vs 15% for waitlist) met treatment responder status from pre-to post-treatment and 30.5% (vs 10% for waitlist) met responder status from pre-treatment to follow-up. Implications of these preliminary findings are discussed.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100800"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47565103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are student cohorts with psychopathology representative of general clinical populations? The case for OCD","authors":"Amitai Abramovitch ,&nbsp;Anthony Robinson ,&nbsp;Matthew J. Buckley ,&nbsp;Demet Çek ,&nbsp;Laura de Putter ,&nbsp;Kiara R. Timpano","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A longstanding assumption suggests that college student cohorts are not representative of clinical cohorts as students are perceived as ‘high functioning’ which may limit generalizability. Yet little research has compared the profile of DSM disorders among students to those reported in community or treatment-seeking samples, particularly in the context of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). To address this gap in the literature, we compared the profile of DSM OCD in college students, to treatment-seeking and community OCD samples, and student subsamples with other DSM disorders, or with no diagnosis. 529 students from two US and one Belgian university were screened using semi-structured interviews and completed self-report questionnaires. 36 students met DSM criteria for OCD. Comparison with non-OCD diagnoses (n = 183), and non-clinical student controls (n = 311) yielded expected differences on symptomatic OCD measures and comorbidity profiles. Comparisons with published OCD samples yielded a similar profile. Therefore, OCD in students is similar to OCD in clinical samples, with minor differences. We conclude that when appropriately screened, students are a viable population for the study of OCD. This may enhance research into OCD, allowing researchers without access to clinical cohorts to contribute to the field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100807"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48213844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing OCD-related feelings of disgust and contamination by cognitive restructuring and imagery modification (CRIM): Test and discussion of an online-application","authors":"Jakob Fink-Lamotte ,&nbsp;Annabell Kursim ,&nbsp;Cornelia Exner","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Contamination fears and disgust are maintaining factors for a range of mental illnesses. To date, there are relatively few evidence-based therapeutic strategies for directly modifying disgust although several studies have demonstrated that both cognitive and imagery strategies can be helpful in changing pathological disgust. Cognitive restructuring and imagery modification (CRIM) is a promising contamination and disgust-specific strategy that has been successfully used in the area of trauma-related disorders. An online study was conducted to investigate whether 102 participants with different levels of obsessive-compulsive symptoms would benefit from using CRIM for reducing disgust and contamination fear compared to a control intervention. Although the results showed no superiority of CRIM over the control intervention, this pre-post study design provides a good basis for a thorough discussion of the methodological difficulties in studying online interventions, especially those with a focus on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). In addition, the implications for examining the effectiveness of strategies such as CRIM in an online environment are outlined.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100804"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47417964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric evaluation of the German version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive- Compulsive Scale Modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD-YBOCS)","authors":"Ines Kollei ,&nbsp;Viktoria Ritter ,&nbsp;Johanna Schüller ,&nbsp;Alexandra Martin ,&nbsp;Anja Grocholewski ,&nbsp;Nina Heinrichs ,&nbsp;Andrea S. Hartmann ,&nbsp;Ulrike Buhlmann","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder<span> (BDD-YBOCS) is a clinician-administered interview to assess symptom severity in individuals with a BDD diagnosis. It has been translated into German and disseminated into research and practice. However, the psychometric properties of the German version have not been thoroughly evaluated. Therefore, we investigated its psychometric properties, factor structure and provided normative data. Our study included a large pooled sample comprising 350 outpatients with a BDD diagnosis (mean age = 30.35 years, </span></span><em>SD</em><span><span> = 10.15; gender: 70.6% female, 28.9% male, 0.6% unspecified). Psychometric data supported a good internal consistency of the BDD-YBOCS total score (α = 0.81, ω = 0.86) and an excellent interrater-reliability (ICC = 0.96). The BDD-YBOCS correlated moderately with other measures of BDD symptom severity. </span>Confirmatory factor analysis favored a two-factor structure representing obsessions versus compulsions over a one-factor structure, with the quality of the proposed two-factor structure still being poor. Normative data indicated that BDD-YBOCS scores between 21 and 34 can be considered as typical range in an outpatient sample with a wide range of BDD symptom severity. In conclusion, the German BDD-YBOCS is a brief and psychometrically supported clinician-rated instrument for the measurement of BDD severity.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100790"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42363013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretation training for youth with OCD: Who benefits? Examining the role of OCD severity, interpretation bias, and autism symptoms","authors":"Elske Salemink ,&nbsp;Annelieke Hagen ,&nbsp;Else de Haan ,&nbsp;Lidewij Wolters","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cognitive Bias Modification–Interpretation (CBM-I) training has been put forward as a promising new intervention for youth with psychopathology. A recent Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) showed that an online CBM-I training designed to reduce dysfunctional interpretations in youth with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) had therapeutic benefits on OCD symptoms. In addition, there are practical benefits as the online and automated nature of the training allows for 24/7 accessibility, is cheap and an easy to implement intervention. There is, however, significant variability in CBM-I training effects on symptoms. By conducting secondary analyses of the online CBM-I RCT, we aimed to examine whether baseline OCD severity, interpretation bias, and degree of autism symptoms are related to training effectiveness. In the RCT, 36 children with OCD (8–18 years) followed 12-sessions CBM-I training. Bayesian analyses showed no evidence for any of the three predictors being associated with CBM-I effects on OCD symptoms. These results offer no answer to the question for whom CBM-I training works best. However, there is also no evidence that CBM-I might work less well for these subgroups. Future research with larger samples is necessary to test the robustness of these findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100809"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42035942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and evaluation of an acceptance-facilitating intervention for an internet-based cognitive behavioral self-esteem training for adults with body dysmorphic symptoms","authors":"Katharina Bosbach,&nbsp;Katrin Schoenenberg,&nbsp;Alexandra Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Various barriers contribute to low treatment rates in </span>Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). While internet-based intervention is considered a low-threshold option and shows efficacy, studies report acceptance deficits. We first tested predictors of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology for acceptance and secondly evaluated an acceptance-facilitating intervention for an internet-based self-esteem training addressed to individuals with BDD symptoms.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>We randomly assigned 110 participants with distinct BDD symptoms to a 6-min animated whiteboard video (<em>n</em> = 50) or a waiting control group (<em>n</em> = 60) before offering them internet-based training.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Acceptance was good before the intervention (87% with moderate/high scores). Performance expectancy, social influence and slightly effort expectancy predicted baseline acceptance (<em>R</em>^<em>2</em> = 0.70). The acceptance-facilitating intervention led to greater improvements of performance expectancy and facilitating conditions compared to the control group. Higher self-reported acceptance was associated with training uptake and higher adherence.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>In particular, performance expectancy, but also social influence seemed to be valid predictors of acceptance of web-based BDD treatment. The results suggest that a specifically designed, brief video improves acceptance-facilitating factors. Subject to review, the potential benefit of an acceptance-facilitating intervention may be to enhance treatment rates in BDD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100798"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48082981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High levels of loneliness in people with hoarding disorder","authors":"Keong Yap ,&nbsp;Kiara R. Timpano ,&nbsp;Simone Isemann ,&nbsp;Jeanette Svehla ,&nbsp;Jessica R. Grisham","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Attachment theory suggests that hoarding is an attempt at compensating for unmet relatedness needs. We therefore expect high loneliness levels in hoarding disorder (HD). While previous studies have shown a positive association between hoarding and loneliness in non-clinical samples, few studies have examined loneliness levels in clinical HD samples. In Study 1, we examined loneliness in a treatment-seeking HD sample (n = 39). Results showed that 87.2% of HD sufferers reported high loneliness levels, which was significantly higher than loneliness rates in community samples. Loneliness was positively associated with hoarding severity even after controlling for depression. In Study 2, we examined loneliness in MTurk workers with clinical levels of hoarding (high hoarding [HH] group; </span><em>n</em> = 305) compared to MTurk workers with low hoarding symptoms (LH group; <em>n</em><span> = 775). Results showed high loneliness levels in 77.7% of participants in the HH group compared to 36.8% in the LH group. Differences remained significant for HH vs LH groups matched on depression. The positive association between loneliness and hoarding was also significant even after controlling for age, gender, marital status, and depression. Our results underscore the importance of assessing and addressing loneliness in the HD treatment.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100806"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46932322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hoarding disorder: Questions and controversies","authors":"Peter van Roessel ,&nbsp;Paula Andrea Muñoz Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Randy O. Frost ,&nbsp;Carolyn I. Rodríguez","doi":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hoarding disorder<span> (HD) is characterized by distress and difficulty letting go of possessions, leading to clutter that congests living spaces and interferes with daily activities. HD is common, with an estimated overall pooled prevalence of 2.5% of the general population. Because it is a relatively newly defined disorder, there are questions and controversies regarding its diagnosis and treatment that warrant exploration. In this manuscript, we clarify diagnostic boundaries between HD and related neuropsychiatric conditions, and consider how both shared and unique features of HD may inform strategies for treatment. We additionally discuss specific manifestations of hoarding behavior (e.g., animal hoarding); review motivations, beliefs, and characteristics that may contribute to hoarding behaviors; examine available evidence regarding the efficacy of different treatment modalities; highlight the challenges of engaging individuals who do not want care; and suggest a potential explanatory model for insight impairment in HD.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48902,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100808"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44652370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}