Journal of Sport and Health Science最新文献

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in health and sport sciences: Promise, progress, and prudence.","authors":"Ruopeng An","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101054","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"28 1","pages":"101054"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The exercise-conditioned human serum and skeletal muscle cells secretome induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells.","authors":"Argyro Papadopetraki,Antonios Giannopoulos,Tatiana Giaskevits,Athanasios Moustogiannis,Maria Pappa,Flora Zagouri,Stavroula Droufakou,Maria Maridaki,Michael Koutsilieris,Anastassios Philippou","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101051","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDRegular exercise training provides significant health benefits among cancer survivors and is associated with lower breast cancer mortality and reduced risk of recurrence. Both exercise-induced factors secreted into circulation (exerkines) and bioactive molecules contained in skeletal muscle secretome have been proposed to affect the tumor microenvironment and mediate some of the anti-carcinogenic effects of exercise. This study utilized exercise-conditioned human serum obtained from breast cancer patients during chemotherapy and skeletal myotubes' secretome after mechanical loading to investigate their effects on breast cancer cells in vitro.METHODSBreast cancer patients participated in a 12-week exercise training program during their chemotherapy, and blood serum was collected immediately before and after an exercise session in the 2nd and 12th weeks of training. Skeletal myoblasts were differentiated into myotubes and subjected to mechanical stretching to collect their secretome (stretch medium (SM)). Hormone-sensitive Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) and triple-negative M.D. Anderson-Metastatic Breast-231 (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells were treated with either human serum or with the skeletal myotubes' secretome to examine their metabolic activity, migration, cytotoxicity levels and apoptosis regulation.RESULTSThe exercise-conditioned serum obtained from breast cancer patients who were subjected to the 12-week training during chemotherapy resulted in reduced metabolic activity (p < 0.001) and increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (cytotoxicity) (p < 0.001) in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells when compared with the control condition. Moreover, incubation of breast cancer cells with the post-exercise serum induced apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, as indicated by increase in DNA damage and the percentage of necrotic cells (p < 0.05) when compared to pre-exercise condition. Similarly, a significant decrease (p < 0.001) was observed in the metabolic activity of MCF-7 cells treated with the SM, along with increased cytotoxicity (p < 0.05), compared to the cells cultured with the regular growth media. Comparable though not as profound effects were observed in MDA-MB-231 cells when treated with the SM secretome. Furthermore, the expression of apoptosis-inducing caspase-7 (p < 0.001) and caspase-8 (p < 0.01) proteins was increased, whereas cell survival-regulating factors interleukin-8 (IL-8) (p < 0.001), superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD-2) (p < 0.05), Fas cell surface death receptor (Fas) (p < 0.05), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (p < 0.01) were downregulated in the SM-treated MCF-7 cells. In addition, the migrating behavior of MCF-7 cells was diminished, and higher levels of DNA damage were observed in cells treated with either SM or non-stretch media (NSM).CONCLUSIONBoth exercise-conditioned serum of breast cancer patients and skeletal myotubes secretome after mechanical loading can reduce the","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"47 1","pages":"101051"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"External force to live long and prosper: A passive exercise classification framework.","authors":"Benjamin Tari,Matthew Heath,Fabian Herold,Yu-Bu Wang,Qian Yu,Liye Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101052","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"50 1","pages":"101052"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injury risk and prevention research in sports: Are titles delivering on their promises or are they just a sales pitch to capitalize on a hot topic?","authors":"José Afonso,Andreia Pizarro,Tania Pizzari,Guus Reurink,Filipe Manuel Clemente,Ana Filipa Silva,Zeki Akyildiz,Rongzhi Chen,Rohit Kumar Thapa,João Renato Silva,Hugo Sarmento,Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo,Renato Andrade,Sílvia Rocha-Rodrigues","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101048","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"101048"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptations in mitochondrial quality control and interactions with innate immune signaling within skeletal muscle: A narrative review","authors":"Priyanka Khemraj, Anastasiya Kuznyetsova, David A. Hood","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101049","url":null,"abstract":"Skeletal muscle health and function are essential determinants of metabolic health, physical performance, and overall quality of life. The quality of skeletal muscle is heavily dependent on the complex mitochondrial reticulum that contributes toward its unique adaptability. It is now recognized that mitochondrial perturbations can activate various innate immune pathways, such as the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome complex by propagating inflammatory signaling in response to damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multimeric protein complex and is a prominent regulator of innate immunity and cell death by mediating the activation of caspase-1, pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 and pro-pyroptotic protein gasdermin-D. While several studies have begun to demonstrate the relationship between various mitochondrial DAMPs (mtDAMPs) and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, the influence of various metabolic states on the production of these DAMPs and subsequent inflammatory profile remains poorly understood. This narrative review aimed to address this by highlighting the effects of skeletal muscle use and disuse on mitochondrial quality mechanisms including mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion, fission and mitophagy. Secondly, this review summarized the impact of alterations in mitochondrial quality control mechanisms following muscle denervation, aging, and exercise training in relation to NLRP3 inflammasome activation. By consolidating the current body of literature, this work aimed to further the understanding of innate immune signaling within skeletal muscle, which can highlight areas for future research and therapeutic strategies to regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation during divergent metabolic conditions.","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The validity of automatic methods for estimating maturation stage in young athletes: A comparison of the Maturo smartphone application and sport science expert evaluations.","authors":"Ximing Shang,Jorge Arede,Pedro Couto,Nuno Leite","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101046","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDBiological maturation refers to the progressive process through which individuals transition toward an adult state during growth and development. To address the challenges posed by differences in biological maturity and the limitations of existing testing methods, particularly in adolescent sports contexts, there is a pressing need for a non-invasive method that is convenient, accurate, and broadly applicable to monitor the biological maturity of adolescent athletes comprehensively. In response to this need, a maturity assessment method based on the smartphone application Maturo has been developed. This study evaluates the accuracy and validity of the Maturo software, an automated tool for estimating biological age and related maturation metrics METHODS: A sample of 103 actively training teenage athletes aged 9 - 17 years. The sample included 76 males (11.74 ±1.55, mean ± SD) and 27 females (age = 13.95 ±1.40), all without medical conditions that might impact growth or development.RESULTSCompared to traditional expert evaluations, the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Pearson correlation coefficients demonstrated reliable positive correlations and significant agreement between the Maturo software and expert methods across multiple metrics, such as biological age (ICC = 0.965, R = 0.97), corrected biological age (ICC = 0.973, R = 0.99), predicted adult height (ICC = 0.991, R = 0.99), and percentage of adult height achieved (ICC = 0.955, R = 0.97). The Bland-Altman plots provided additional evidence of the validity of the Maturo software estimations, showing low systematic error in most measures. The linear regression analysis produced excellent adjusted R-squared values: 0.95 for biological age and 0.99 for anticipated adult height. The Maturo approach demonstrated a high level of dependability in classifying teenagers into groups based on their maturity status and timing. The kappa coefficients of 0.93 for maturity status and 0.82 for maturity timing indicate a nearly perfect agreement with the expert technique.CONCLUSIONWhile the Maturo software's non-invasive nature, cost-effectiveness, and ease of use could make it a potential tool for regular monitoring of growth and maturation in young athletes, its promising results in assessing maturation should be interpreted with caution due to limitations such as sample size and demographic constraints. Further longitude research with larger and more diverse populations is needed to validate these preliminary findings and strengthen the evidence for its broader Applicability.","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"70 1","pages":"101046"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143903117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical implications of artificial intelligence in sport: A systematic scoping review.","authors":"Jae-Hak Kim,Janghyeon Kim,Hoseok Kang,Bo-Young Youn","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101047","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDAlthough there is growing evidence of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in sports, ethical issues surrounding AI use are being discussed at a minimal level. Thus, this systematic scoping review aimed to summarize the current ethical implications associated with using AI in sports.METHODSIn this study, a total of 9 databases-MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar-were searched. The review protocol was registered (https://osf.io/42a8q) before extracting data. The search yielded 397 studies, and 25 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.RESULTSTHE 25 STUDIES WERE CATEGORIZED INTO 4 PRIMARY ETHICAL CONCERNS: fairness and bias, transparency and explainability, privacy and data ethics, and accountability in AI's application in sports. These categorizations were derived based on the systematic review of ethical issues highlighted across the selected studies. Fifteen studies delved into fairness and bias, focusing on how AI can perpetuate existing inequalities in sports. Thirteen studies addressed the lack of transparency, emphasizing the challenges in interpretability and trust in AI-driven decisions. Privacy and data ethics emerged as significant in 22 studies, highlighting risks related to the misuse of athletes' sensitive data. Finally, accountability was examined in 8 studies, stressing the ethical obligations of AI developers and users in sports contexts. The thematic analysis revealed overlapping concerns, as some studies addressed multiple issues simultaneously.CONCLUSIONFuture research should focus on developing ethical frameworks tailored to underrepresented sports contexts and creating global standards for AI regulation in sports. This includes investigating the implications of AI applications in amateur sports, enhancing diversity in AI training datasets, and exploring the integration of ethical AI practices across various sports governance structures.","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"109 1","pages":"101047"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143903069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence-powered social robots for promoting physical activity in older adults: A systematic review.","authors":"Jing Shen,Jiahua Yu,Hao Zhang,Michael A Lindsey,Ruopeng An","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101045","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDThe aging global population necessitates innovative strategies to enhance older adults' health and quality of life. Physical activity (PA) is crucial for healthy aging, yet many older adults struggle to exercise regularly. Artificial intelligence (AI)-powered social robots offer an interactive, engaging, and personalized solution to promote PA among this demographic. This systematic review investigates the role of AI-powered social robots in encouraging PA in older adults.METHODSWe conducted a systematic literature search in databases including PubMed, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, focusing on studies published until February 2024. We included peer-reviewed articles reporting empirical findings on designing, implementing, and evaluating AI-enabled social robots to promote PA among older adults. Studies were conducted in nursing homes, rehabilitation centers, community centers, and home environments.RESULTSA total of 19 studies were included in the review. Analysis reveals that AI-powered social robots effectively motivate older adults to engage in PAs, leading to increased exercise adherence, higher engagement levels, and extended training durations. Social robots have demonstrated effectiveness across various environments, including nursing homes, rehabilitation centers, community centers, home environments, and elder care facilities. In structured environments like nursing homes and rehabilitation centers, robots help maintain regular exercise routines, improving adherence and recovery outcomes. In community and elder care centers, robots promote PA and social engagement by facilitating group exercises and enhancing participation. In home environments, robots provide personalized support for daily activities, offering reminders and engagement, which fosters long-term activity engagement. User acceptance and satisfaction are high, with participants finding the robots engaging and enjoyable. Additionally, several studies indicate potential health benefits, such as improved medication adherence, better sleep patterns, and enhanced overall well-being. Nevertheless, additional research is imperative to address unresolved issues concerning the technological maintenance costs, design constraints, and adaptability of AI-powered social robots to specific user demographics.CONCLUSIONAI-powered social robots play a promising role in promoting PA among older adults, enhancing their health, well-being, and independence. This review provides insights for researchers, designers, and healthcare professionals developing AI-enabled social robotic systems for older adults.","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"101045"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143885481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of acute exercise or short-term exercise interventions on metabolic markers during experimentally-induced sleep loss in humans: A systematic literature review.","authors":"Vinicius S Faria,Laura McManus,Anna Donnla O'Hagan,Brendan Egan","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101044","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDExercise has positive impacts on metabolic health, whereas sleep loss has potentially negative impacts. This systematic literature review investigates whether acute and short-term exercise interventions can mitigate negative effects of experimentally-induced sleep loss on metabolic markers in humans.METHODSA systematic search (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane) following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines was conducted up to June 2024 for studies that compared glucose and insulin concentrations, insulin sensitivity, skeletal muscle gene expression, and other molecular markers following an acute or short-term (<14 days) exercise intervention during experimentally-induced sleep loss in adult humans. Articles were considered for inclusion and assessed for eligibility using the PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study design) framework, and critically appraised with the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool.RESULTSOf the identified records, 4026 records were screened, with 12 studies meeting all the inclusion criteria and including 177 participants. Sleep intervention varied from a single night of total sleep deprivation to 5 consecutive nights of 4-h sleep opportunity (e.g., early or late sleep restriction), while exercise intervention varied in terms of model (walking/running, cycling, and resistance exercise), volume (e.g., minute to hour), and intensity (e.g., maximum efforts to low-intensity exercise). Most studies indicated a negative effect of insufficient sleep on glucose and insulin concentration as well as mitochondrial adaptations, whereas exercise had a positive impact, mitigating the negative effects on the aforementioned parameters.CONCLUSIONExercise is likely to be effective as a therapeutic intervention for mitigating the negative effects of sleep loss on metabolic markers, at least in short-term intervention studies.","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"24 1","pages":"101044"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arrhythmias and structural remodeling in lifelong and retired master endurance athletes.","authors":"Paolo D'Ambrosio,Jarne De Paepe,Kristel Janssens,Amy M Mitchell,Stephanie J Rowe,Luke W Spencer,Tim Van Puyvelde,Jan Bogaert,Olivier Ghekiere,Rik Pauwels,Lieven Herbots,Tomas Robyns,Peter M Kistler,Jonathan M Kalman,Hein Heidbuchel,Rik Willems,Guido Claessen,André La Gerche","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101043","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDA greater prevalence of arrhythmias has been described in endurance athletes, but it remains unclear whether this risk persists after detraining. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of arrhythmias and their relationship with cardiac remodeling in lifelong and retired master endurance athletes compared to non-athletic controls.METHODSWe performed a cross-sectional analysis of observational studies that used echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance to detail cardiac structure and function, and Holter monitors to identify atrial and ventricular arrhythmias in 185 endurance athletes and 81 non-athletic controls aged ≥ 40 years. Athletes were categorised as active lifelong (n = 144) or retired (n = 41) based on hours per week of high-intensity endurance exercise within 5 years of enrollment and validated by percentage of predicted maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). Athletes with overt cardiomyopathies, channelopathies, pre-excitation, and/or myocardial infarction were excluded.RESULTSLifelong athletes (median age = 55 years (interquartile range (IQR): 46-62), 79% male) were significantly fitter than retired athletes (median age = 66 years (IQR: 58-71), 95% male) and controls (median age = 53 years (IQR: 48-60), 96% male), respectively (predicted VO2max: 131% ± 18% vs. 99% ± 14% vs. 98% ± 15%, p < 0.001). Compared to controls, athletes in our cohort had a higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation ((AF): 32% vs. 0%, p < 0.001) and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia ((NSVT): 9% vs. 1%, p < 0.001). There was no difference in prevalence of any arrhythmia between lifelong and retired athletes. Lifelong athletes had larger ventricular volumes than retired athletes, who had ventricular volumes similar to controls (left ventricular end-diastolic volume indexed to body surface area (LVEDVi): 101 ± 20 mL/m2vs. 86 ± 16 mL/m2vs. 94 ± 18 mL/m2, p < 0.001; right ventricular end-diastolic volume indexed to body surface area (RVEDVi): 117 ± 23 mL/m2vs. 101 ± 19 mL/m2vs. 100 ± 19 mL/m2, p < 0.001). Athletes had more scar (40% vs. 18%, p = 0.002) and larger left atria (median volume = 45 mL/m2 (IQR: 38-52) vs. 31 mL/m2 (IQR: 25-38), p < 0.001) than controls, with no difference in atrial volumes and non-ischaemic scar between the athlete groups.CONCLUSIONMaster endurance athletes have a higher prevalence of AF and NSVT than non-athletic controls. Whereas ventricular remodeling tends to reverse with detraining, the propensity to arrhythmias persists regardless of whether they are actively exercising or retired.","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"24 1","pages":"101043"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}