Journal of Sport and Health Science最新文献

{"title":"A primer on global molecular responses to exercise in skeletal muscle: Omics in focus.","authors":"Kevin A Murach, James R Bagley","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advances in skeletal muscle omics has expanded our understanding of exercise-induced adaptations at the molecular level. Over the past 2 decades, transcriptome studies in muscle have detailed acute and chronic responses to resistance, endurance, and concurrent exercise, focusing on variables such as training status, nutrition, age, sex, and metabolic health profile. Multi-omics approaches, such as the integration of transcriptomic and epigenetic data, along with emerging ribosomal RNA sequencing advancements, have further provided insights into how skeletal muscle adapts to exercise across the lifespan. Downstream of the transcriptome, proteomic and phosphoproteomic studies have identified novel regulators of exercise adaptations, while single-cell/nucleus and spatial sequencing technologies promise to evolve our understanding of cellular specialization and communication in and around skeletal muscle cells. This narrative review highlights (a) the historical foundations of exercise omics in skeletal muscle, (b) current research at 3 layers of the omics cascade (DNA, RNA, and protein), and (c) applications of single-cell omics and spatial sequencing technologies to study skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise. Further elaboration of muscle's global molecular footprint using multi-omics methods will help researchers and practitioners develop more effective and targeted approaches to improve skeletal muscle health as well as athletic performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":" ","pages":"101029"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of muscle warm-up on voluntary and evoked force-time parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression.","authors":"Cody J Wilson, João Pedro Nunes, Anthony J Blazevich","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While muscle contractility increases with muscle temperature, there is no consensus on the best warm-up protocol to use before resistance training or sports exercise due to the range of possible warm-up and testing combinations available. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to determine the effects of different warm-up types (active, exercise-based vs. passive) on muscle function tested using different activation methods (voluntary vs. evoked) and performance test criteria (maximum force vs. rate-dependent contractile properties), with consideration of warm-up task specificity (specific vs. non-specific), temperature measurement method (muscle vs. skin), baseline temperatures, and subject-specific variables (training status and sex).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, and ProQuest. Random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regressions were used to compute the effect sizes (ES) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 %CI) to examine the effects of warm-up type, activation method, performance criterion, subject characteristics, and study design on temperature-related performance enhancement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search yielded 1272 articles, of which 33 met the inclusion criteria (n = 921). Increasing temperature positively affected both voluntary (3.7 % ± 1.8 %/°C, ES = 0.28 (95 %CI: 0.14, 0.41)) and evoked (3.2 % ± 1.5 %/°C, ES = 0.65 (95 %CI: 0.29, 1.00)) rate-dependent contractile properties (dynamic, fast-velocity force production, and rate of force development (RFD)) but not maximum force production (voluntary: -0.2 % ± 0.9 %/°C, ES = 0.08 (95 %CI: -0.05, 0.22); evoked: -0.1 % ± 0.8 %/°C, ES = -0.20 (95 %CI: -0.50, 0.10)). Active warm-up did not induce greater enhancements in rate-dependent contractile properties (p = 0.284), maximum force production (p = 0.723), or overall function (pooled, p = 0.093) than passive warm-up. Meta-regressions did not reveal a significant effect of study design, temperature measurement method, warm-up task specificity, training status, or sex on the effect of increasing temperature (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Increasing muscle temperature significantly enhances rate-dependent contractile function (RFD and muscle power) but not maximum force in both evoked and voluntary contractions. In contrast to expectation, no effects of warm-up modality (active vs. passive) or temperature measurement method (muscle vs. skin) were detected, although insufficient data prevented robust sub-group analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":" ","pages":"101024"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to \"Biomechanics associated with tibial stress fracture in runners: A systematic review and meta-analysis\" [J Sport Health Sci 12 (2023) 333-342].","authors":"Clare E Milner, Eric Foch, Joseph M Gonzales, Drew Petersen","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.101019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.101019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":" ","pages":"101019"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11809141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do compression garments enhance running performance? An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Wei Wang, Yana Wang, Yufeng Zhang, Dongyang Si, Xingyang Li, Qingsong Liang, Qianteng Li, Lingyan Huang, Shutao Wei, Yu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the wide use of compression garments to enhance athletic running performance, evidence supporting improvements has not been conclusive. This updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compared the effects of compression garment wearing with those of non-compression garment wearing (controls) during running on improving running performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted in the electronic databases (Web of Science, EBSCOhost, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane) for RCTs comparing running performance between runners wearing compression garments and controls during running, from inception to September 2024. Independent reviewers screened studies, extracted data, appraised risk of bias (RoB 2) and certainty of evidence (Grading of Recommendations Assessments, Development and Evaluation, GRADE). Primary outcomes were race time and time to exhaustion. Secondary outcomes covered running speed and race pace, submaximal oxygen uptake, tissue oxygenation, and soft tissue vibration. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to generate pooled estimates, expressed in standardized mean difference (SMD). Subgroup differences of garment, race type, and contact surface were tested in moderator analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search yielded 51 eligible studies comprising 899 participants, of which 33 studies were available for meta-analysis of primary outcomes. Runners wearing compression garments during running showed no significant improvement in race time (SMD = -0.07, 95 % CI: -0.22 to 0.09; p = 0.40) or time to exhaustion (SMD = 0.04, 95 % CI: -0.20 to 0.29; p = 0.72). Moderator analyses indicated no effects from garment type, race type, or surface. Secondary outcomes also showed no performance benefits, although compression garments significantly reduced soft tissue vibration (SMD = -0.43, 95 % CI: -0.70 to -0.15; p < 0.01). Certainty of evidence was rated low to very low.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Data synthesis of current RCTs offers no updated evidence favoring the support of wearing compression garments during running as a viable strategy for improving running and endurance performance among runners of varying performance levels and types of running races.</p>","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":" ","pages":"101028"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercised gut microbiota improves vascular and metabolic abnormalities in sedentary diabetic mice through gut‒vascular connection.","authors":"Chak Kwong Cheng,Lianwei Ye,Yu Wang,Ya-Ling Wang,Yin Xia,Stephen Heung-Sang Wong,Sheng Chen,Yu Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101026","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDExercise elicits cardiometabolic benefits, reducing the risks of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the vascular and metabolic effects of gut microbiota from exercise-trained donors on sedentary mice with type 2 diabetes and the potential mechanism.METHODSLeptin receptor-deficient diabetic (db/db) and nondiabetic (db/m+) mice underwent running treadmill exercise for 8 weeks, during which fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was parallelly performed from exercise-trained to sedentary diabetic (db/db) mice. Endothelial function, glucose homeostasis, physical performance, and vascular signaling of recipient mice were assessed. Vascular and intestinal stresses, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, were investigated. RNA sequencing analysis on mouse aortic and intestinal tissues was performed. Gut microbiota profiles of recipient mice were evaluated by metagenomic sequencing.RESULTSChronic exercise improved vascular and metabolic abnormalities in donor mice. Likewise, FMT from exercised donors retarded body weight gain and slightly improved grip strength and rotarod performance in recipient mice. Exercise-associated FMT enhanced endothelial function in different arteries, suppressed vascular and intestinal stresses, and improved glucose homeostasis in recipient mice, with noted microRNA-181b upregulation in aortas and intestines. Altered gut microbiota profiles and gut-derived factors (e.g., short-chain fatty acids and glucagon-like peptide-1) as well as improved intestinal integrity shall contribute to the cardiometabolic benefits, implying a gut‒vascular connection.CONCLUSIONThis proof-of-concept study indicates that exercised microbiota confers cardiometabolic benefits on sedentary db/db mice, extending the beneficial mechanism of exercise through gut‒vascular communication. The findings open up new therapeutic opportunities for cardiometabolic diseases and shed light on the development of exercise mimetics by targeting the gut microbiota.","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"32 1","pages":"101026"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142991665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ExerGeneDB: A physical exercise-regulated differential gene expression database.","authors":"Ling Pan,Songwei Ai,Xiaohui Shi,Xiaolan Tong,Michail Spanos,Guoping Li,Dragos Cretoiu,Juan Gao,Qiulian Zhou,Junjie Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101027","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDExercise induces molecular changes that involve multiple organs and tissues. Moreover, these changes are modulated by various exercise parameters-such as intensity, frequency, mode, and duration-as well as by clinical features like gender, age, and body mass index (BMI), each eliciting distinct biological effects. To assist exercise researchers in understanding these changes from a comprehensive perspective that includes multiple organs, diverse exercise regimens, and a range of clinical features, we developed Exercise Regulated Genes Database (ExerGeneDB), a database of exercise-regulated differential genes.METHODSExerGeneDB aggregated publicly available exercise-related sequencing datasets and subjected them to uniform quality control and preprocessing. The data, encompassing a variety of types, were organized into a specialized database of exercise-regulated genes. Notably, ExerGeneDB conducted differential analyses on this collected data, leveraging curated clinical information and accounting for important factors such as gender, age, and BMI.RESULTSExerGeneDB has assembled 1692 samples from rats and mice as well as 4492 human samples. It contains data from various tissues and organs, such as skeletal muscle, blood, adipose tissue, intestine, heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, brain, spinal cord, bone marrow, and bones. ExerGeneDB features bulk Ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-seq) (including non-coding RNA (ncRNA) and protein-coding RNA), microarray (including ncRNA and protein-coding RNA), and single cell RNA-seq data.CONCLUSIONExerGeneDB compiles and re-analyzes exercise-related data with a focus on clinical information. This has culminated in the creation of an interactive database for exercise regulation genes. The website for ExerGeneDB can be found at: https://exergenedb.com.","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"18 1","pages":"101027"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142991671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymmetry in sprinting: The myth of perfection and the reality of performance.","authors":"Olivier Girard","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"74 1","pages":"101025"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142991666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced PI3K(p110α) induces atrial myopathy, and PI3K-related lipids are dysregulated in athletes with atrial fibrillation.","authors":"Sebastian Bass-Stringer,Bianca C Bernardo,Gunes S Yildiz,Aya Matsumoto,Helen Kiriazis,Claudia A Harmawan,Celeste M K Tai,Roger Chooi,Lauren Bottrell,Martin Ezeani,Daniel G Donner,Aascha A D'Elia,Jenny Y Y Ooi,Natalie A Mellett,Jieting Luo,Emma I Masterman,Kristel Janssens,Gavriel Olshansky,Erin J Howden,Jonathon H Cross,Christoph E Hagemeyer,Ruby C Y Lin,Colleen J Thomas,Graham W Magor,Andrew C Perkins,Thomas H Marwick,Hiroshi Kawakami,Peter J Meikle,David W Greening,Kate L Weeks,André La Gerche,Yow Keat Tham,Julie R McMullen","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101023","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDElucidating mechanisms underlying atrial myopathy, which predisposes individuals to atrial fibrillation (AF), will be critical for preventing/treating AF. In a serendipitous discovery, we identified atrial enlargement, fibrosis, and thrombi in mice with reduced phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in cardiomyocytes. PI3K(p110α) is elevated in the heart with exercise and is critical for exercise-induced ventricular enlargement and protection, but the role in the atria was unknown. Physical inactivity and extreme endurance exercise can increase AF risk. Therefore, our objective was to investigate whether too little and/or too much PI3K alone induces cardiac pathology.METHODSNew cardiomyocyte-specific transgenic mice with increased or decreased PI3K(p110α) activity were generated. Multi-omics was conducted in mouse atrial tissue, and lipidomics in human plasma.RESULTSElevated PI3K led to an increase in heart size with preserved/enhanced function. Reduced PI3K led to atrial dysfunction, fibrosis, arrhythmia, increased susceptibility to atrial enlargement and thrombi, and dysregulation of monosialodihexosylganglioside (GM3), a lipid that regulates insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1)-PI3K signaling. Proteomic profiling identified distinct signatures and signaling networks across atria with varying degrees of dysfunction, enlargement, and thrombi, including commonalities with the human AF proteome. PI3K-related lipids were dysregulated in plasma from athletes with AF.CONCLUSIONPI3K(p110α) is a critical regulator of atrial biology and function in mice. This work provides a proteomic resource of candidates for further validation as potential new drug targets and biomarkers for atrial myopathy. Further investigation of PI3K-related lipids as markers for identifying individuals at risk of AF is warranted. Dysregulation of PI3K may contribute to the association between increased cardiac risk with physical inactivity and extreme endurance exercise.","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"107 1","pages":"101023"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142991703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on \"A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing objectively measured and estimated fitness to predict all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in adults\".","authors":"Barbara E Ainsworth, Zhenghua Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.101022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.101022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":" ","pages":"101022"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142915608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual dimorphism on the acute effect of exercise in the morning vs. evening: A randomized crossover study.","authors":"Raquel Sevilla-Lorente, Andres Marmol-Perez, Pilar Gonzalez-Garcia, Nieves Rodríguez-Miranda, Blanca Riquelme-Gallego, Jerónimo Aragon-Vela, Juan Manuel Martinez-Gálvez, Pablo Molina-Garcia, Juan Manuel A Alcantara, José Garcia-Consuegra, Sara Cogliati, Luis Miguel Salmeron, Jesús R Huertas, Luis C Lopez, Jonatan R Ruiz, Francisco José Amaro-Gahete","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.101021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jshs.2024.101021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mammalian cells possess molecular clocks, the adequate functioning of which is decisive for metabolic health. Exercise is known to modulate these clocks, potentially having distinct effects on metabolism depending on the time of day. This study aimed to investigate the impact of morning vs. evening moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on glucose regulation and energy metabolism in healthy men and women. It also aimed to elucidate molecular mechanisms within skeletal muscle.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a randomized crossover design, healthy men (n = 18) and women (n = 17) performed a 60-min bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in the morning and evening. Glucose regulation was continuously monitored starting 24 h prior to the exercise day and continuing until 48 h post-exercise for each experimental condition. Energy expenditure and substrate oxidation were measured by indirect calorimetry during exercise and at rest before and after exercise for 30 min. Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected immediately before and after exercise to assess mitochondrial function, transcriptome, and mitochondrial proteome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicated similar systemic glucose, energy expenditure, and substrate oxidation during and after exercise in both sexes. Notably, transcriptional analysis, mitochondrial function, and mitochondrial proteomics revealed marked sexual dimorphism and time of day variations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The sexual dimorphism and time of day variations observed in the skeletal muscle in response to exercise may translate into observable systemic effects with higher exercise-intensity or chronic exercise interventions. This study provides a foundational molecular framework for precise exercise prescription in the clinical setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":" ","pages":"101021"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}