Journal of Sport and Health Science最新文献

{"title":"A machine learning approach predicts improvement of physical exercise capacity based on pulse wave analysis in coronary artery disease patients.","authors":"Hendrik Schäfer, Vassilis Tsakanikas, René Garbsch, Mona Kotewitsch, Marc Teschler, Dimitris Gatsios, Dimitrios I Fotiadis, Frank C Mooren, Boris Schmitz","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2026.101144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2026.101144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) have a residual risk of adverse events and all-cause mortality. Enhancing exercise capacity by exercise training (ET) during cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a Class 1A guideline recommendation. However, there is a high number of ET non-responders (NR) in CR. We aimed to develop a machine learning (ML) prediction model for the early identification of NR using baseline cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and pulse wave analysis (PWA) data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants included 393 CAD patients after myocardial infarction and/or percutaneous coronary intervention and/or coronary artery bypass graft who underwent 3-4 weeks of CR; CPET was conducted at the beginning and end of CR. Responders (R) were defined as participants who demonstrated an increase in exercise capacity (peak oxygen uptake (V̇O₂_peak)) greater than 1 typical error away from 0, all other patients were defined as NR. Only baseline data including diagnosis, medication, PWA, and CPET data were used for modeling, and ML models included 10 different supervised algorithms. The dataset was split into training and test sets, and 10-fold cross-validation was used. Recursive Feature Elimination was used for feature selection to reduce dimensionality and improve generalizability. Independent external validation was performed in a dataset of CAD patients (n = 120) enrolled at 2 different centers (Germany and Spain). Predictions were explained using the model-agnostic SHapley Additive exPlanation methodology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After data cleaning, 353 patients (20.4% women) with age of 55.8 ± 7.1 years (mean ± SD) were included for analysis, and 225 patients (63.7%) were classified as NR (22% women; age: 56.2 ± 7.1 years). ET participation rates were similar (R: 93.6% ± 7.5%; NR: 92.6% ± 9.3%; p = 0.76). For the prediction model, the Random Forest classifier provided the best mean balanced accuracy of 77.0%. The most influential features were breathing reserve/frequency, oxygen uptake combined with pulse wave velocity, cardiac output, and augmentation time. Of note, primary diagnosis and disease severity had only limited influence on the model. External validation of the Random Forest model showed 82.8% accuracy, with high specificity and moderate sensitivity in long-term outcome prediction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed ML-based model enables an early identification of ET NR, allowing individual patient-centered ET adaptations to improve CR.</p>","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":" ","pages":"101144"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise-induced musclin enhances efferocytosis via metabolic reprogramming to alleviate periprosthetic joint infection.","authors":"Zhiwei Fu, Jintao Wu, Shutao Zhang, Juyang Jiao, Qimin Hong, Yihan Wang, Liangjun Zheng, Xinhua Qu, Bing Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2026.101143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jshs.2026.101143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), impaired macrophage efferocytosis limits bacterial clearance and sustains inflammation. Clinical therapies for restoring macrophage efferocytosis in the infectious microenvironment are limited. Here, we elucidate the mechanistic links between regular exercise, musclin release, and macrophage efferocytosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We established a murine PJI model to investigate the therapeutic potential of regular exercise. Agar plate colony counting, histological assessment, immunofluorescence staining, radiographic evaluation, and micro-CT were employed to assess bacterial burden, inflammation, tissue fibrosis, and the extent of osteolysis. Bulk RNA sequencing was performed to identify key exercise-responsive molecules. Flow cytometry, immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry, Seahorse metabolic analysis, and genetic overexpression and inhibition techniques were used to reveal the impacts on macrophage efferocytosis and metabolism. Finally, we evaluated the synergistic therapeutic effects of a key exercise-associated secretory protein combined with antibiotics in PJI mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regular exercise significantly alleviated bacterial burden and inflammatory osteolysis in PJI mice. The exogenous administration of musclin-identified as a key exercise-responsive myokine-replicated the protective effects of exercise, with the core mechanism involving restoration and enhancement of macrophage efferocytosis. Mechanistically, musclin bound to formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) on macrophages to reprogram their metabolic phenotype, significantly suppressing the glycolytic pathway while restoring oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, FPR2-mediated metabolic reprogramming was crucial for enhancing efferocytotic capacity. Furthermore, combination therapy of musclin and oxacillin synergistically reduced bone destruction and tissue fibrosis, while being associated with partial restoration of adaptive immunity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Musclin mitigates PJI by enhancing macrophage efferocytosis via FPR2-mediated metabolic reprogramming. By revealing the mechanism through which exercise ameliorates PJI and establishing musclin as a promising therapeutic candidate, this study provides new strategies for the prevention and treatment of PJI.</p>","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":" ","pages":"101143"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biceps femoris long-head motor unit discharge rates and recruitment thresholds vary across 9 weeks of eccentric training","authors":"Max H. Andrews, Eduardo Martinez-Valdes, Glen A. Lichtwark, Patricio A. Pincheira","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2026.101142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2026.101142","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147756072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the aerobic-first paradigm: Optimizing functional capacity through combined aerobic and resistance training in heart failure","authors":"Wenfei Zhu, Jiaming Yan, Yuliang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2026.101139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2026.101139","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147680898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bidirectional reallocations of sitting time, physical activity, and sleep in relation to risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease: An analysis of the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE)-China cohort study","authors":"Yilin Huang, Jun Hao, Bo Hu, Yang Wang, Lap Ah Tse, Weida Liu, Qiujing Cai, Biyan Wang, Zhiguang Liu, Tong Bu, Sumathy Rangarajan, Scott A. Lear, Wei Li, PURE-China Investigators","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2026.101140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2026.101140","url":null,"abstract":"Prolonged sedentary time is associated with adverse outcomes, but evidence in low-exposure ranges remains limited. The health effects of reallocating time between sitting, physical activity, and sleep have not been comprehensively examined.","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147680899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of resisted movement training on change-of-direction speed in recreationally active and trained individuals: A systematic review with network meta-analysis and meta-regression","authors":"Mingyang Zhang, Urs Granacher, Ruixiang Yan, Hallvard Nygaard Falch, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, Kai Xu, Xing Zhang, Jinming Li, Shubo Xu, Yulin Luo, Duanying Li, Jian Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2026.101141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2026.101141","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to change directions quickly is critical for performance and injury prevention in multidirectional sports, yet the influence of resisted movement training (R-MT) on change-of-direction (COD) speed remains uncertain. Therefore, we aimed to examine the effectiveness of various R-MT methods on COD speed in individuals ranging from recreational to international level and to determine the relationship between test angle and COD adaptations.","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147680900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise-based interventions for smoking cessation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Ben Singh,Jasmine Petersen,Aaron Miatke,Dot Dumuid,Kimberley Szeto,Kylie A Dankiw,Maddison L Mellow,Sowmya Jayatheertha Vaikar,Emily Eglitis,Mason Zhou,Rachel Curtis,Catherine Simpson,Joshua Hassan,Serhat Kavlakoglu,Lochlan Gotch,Carol Maher","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2026.101138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2026.101138","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDTobacco smoking and e-cigarette use remain major global public health challenges, with current cessation strategies often limited by poor adherence, modest effectiveness, and accessibility barriers. Exercise is a promising behavioral strategy for nicotine cessation, but its effects on smoking and vaping outcomes are unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize evidence on the effects of single-bout and long-term exercise interventions on smoking and vaping cessation, cravings, withdrawal symptoms, and mood in adults.METHODSEleven databases were searched up to March 28, 2025. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating exercise interventions in adults reporting smoking- or vaping-related outcomes. Outcomes included continuous and point prevalence abstinence, cigarette consumption, and cravings. Risk of bias (ROB2) and certainty of evidence (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE)) were assessed. Random-effects meta-analyses and subgroup analyses were conducted.RESULTSFifty-nine RCTs (n = 9083) were included: 43 exercise training studies (n = 8548) and 16 single-bout studies (n = 535). Exercise training increased continuous abstinence (risk ratio (RR) = 1.15; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.01‒1.32; p = 0.04; 23 RCTs; n = 5512) and 7-day point prevalence abstinence (RR = 1.21; 95%CI: 1.03 to 1.43; p = 0.02; 18 RCTs; n = 4455), and reduced cigarettes/day (mean difference = -2.12; 95%CI: -3.30 to -0.93). Single-bout exercise reduced acute cravings immediately and up to 30 min post-exercise (standardized mean difference range: -0.88 to -0.52) but not longer-term cravings. Aerobic exercise improved continuous abstinence in training studies, while higher-intensity bouts produced greater craving reductions in single-bout studies. Evidence for resistance training, yoga, and other non-aerobic modalities was more limited but suggested potential benefits for cravings and smoking outcomes, although data were insufficient for modality-specific pooled estimates. No trials assessed vaping cessation outcomes.CONCLUSIONExercise is associated with modest improvements in cigarette consumption and acute suppression of cravings, supporting its potential as a low-risk behavioral aid for nicotine cessation. Future research should target vaping-specific outcomes and optimal intervention delivery. Exercise represents a promising smoking cessation intervention.","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"101138"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147641429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconsidering the life-course implications of relative energy deficiency in sport on pregnancy outcomes","authors":"Beulah Joy K. Damasco, Ma. Algerica T. Cuenco","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2026.101137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2026.101137","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"248 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined strength and aerobic training vs. aerobic training alone in patients with heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Tasuku Terada, Tim Kambic, Takumi Noda, Genki Kai, Rod S Taylor, Jennifer L Reed, Kentaro Kamiya","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2026.101136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2026.101136","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147502000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptations in biceps femoris long-head muscle-tendon mechanics during the Nordic hamstring exercise in response to 9 weeks of training.","authors":"Max H Andrews,Anoosha Pai S,Reed D Gurchiek,Paul W Hodges,Glen A Lichtwark,Scott L Delp,Patricio A Pincheira","doi":"10.1016/j.jshs.2026.101134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2026.101134","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDProlonged Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) training reduces hamstring injury risk, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study examined how NHE training alters biceps femoris long-head (BFlh) muscle-tendon unit (MTU) mechanics during the exercise, focusing on how muscle adaptations influence fascicle and sarcomere lengths during the NHE after training.METHODSTwelve recreationally active participants completed 9 weeks of supervised NHE training and 3 weeks of detraining. Knee flexor torque was measured using ankle-mounted load cells and estimated from the knee joint moment arm. BFlh fascicle lengths were assessed during the NHE using dual-transducer ultrasound, and MTU length was estimated from joint angles using markerless motion capture. Sarcomere lengths during the NHE were estimated using instantaneous BFlh fascicle length and previously calculated serial sarcomere numbers. Linear mixed-effects models analyzed changes between pre-training, post-training, and post-detraining.RESULTSNine weeks of NHE training increased peak knee flexor torque by 40% (previously reported), enabling 37% greater knee extension (p = 0.012) and 4% longer MTU lengths at peak torque during the NHE (p = 0.001). BFlh fascicles reached 25% longer lengths during the NHE at peak torque after training (p < 0.001), while estimated active sarcomere lengths at peak torque were unchanged (p = 0.266). Following 3 weeks of detraining, knee flexor torque decreased by 6% (previously reported) and fascicle lengths at peak torque decreased by 14% (p < 0.001), while MTU length (p = 0.578) and estimated active sarcomere length (p = 0.753) at peak torque during the NHE did not significantly change compared to post-training.CONCLUSIONDespite the longer fascicle lengths during the NHE after training, estimated active sarcomere length during the NHE relative to optimal sarcomere length remained similar, consistent with the addition of sarcomeres in series, which may contribute to the protective effects of NHE training.","PeriodicalId":48897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sport and Health Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"101134"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147489851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}