Transportmetrica A-Transport Science最新文献

{"title":"Benchmarking the performance of urban rail transit systems: a machine learning application","authors":"Farah A. Awad ,&nbsp;Daniel J. Graham ,&nbsp;Laila AitBihiOuali ,&nbsp;Ramandeep Singh ,&nbsp;Alexander Barron","doi":"10.1080/23249935.2023.2241566","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23249935.2023.2241566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban rail transit (URT) systems operate in heterogenous environments where their performance is affected by many exogenous factors. However, conventional benchmarking methods assume homogeneity of many of these factors which could result in misleading comparisons of performance. This study provides a methodological contribution to the transit benchmarking literature through a systemic data-driven method which accommodates heterogeneity among URT. A unique international dataset of 36 URT systems in year 2016 is utilised. Operators are clustered based on indicators of operational performance through machine learning algorithms which enables like-for-like comparisons of performances. Data envelopment analysis with bootstrapping is then used to evaluate operators’ efficiency performance within a cluster. Further, ANOVA and post-hoc tests are applied to explore variations and correlations among different aspects of performance. Our clustering results corroborate the natural geographic grouping of the systems. Further, we highlight the complexity of the definition of service quality in the transit sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48871,"journal":{"name":"Transportmetrica A-Transport Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 466-498"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59991244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key factors affecting motorcycle-barrier crash severity: an innovative cluster-regression technique","authors":"Reuben Tamakloe ,&nbsp;Subasish Das ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Kofi Adanu ,&nbsp;Dongjoo Park","doi":"10.1080/23249935.2023.2230310","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23249935.2023.2230310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Highway motorcycle-barrier crashes are uncommon but are associated with severe ramifications. Little has been done to understand the factors related to these crashes, making it difficult to establish appropriate mitigation policies. This study identifies homogeneous groups of motorcycle-barrier crashes on highways and investigates cluster-specific key factor associations and the determinants of injury severity. Cluster Correspondence Analysis was employed to discover latent clusters and cluster-specific key factor associations using motorcycle-barrier crashes from Massachusetts. Further, an ordered probit regression technique was employed to investigate the effect of factors on injury severity outcomes at the cluster level. Three highway access control type-related clusters were identified. While seniors, collectors, intersections/roundabouts, daylight, and summer were associated with no/partial access-controlled segment crashes, interstates, ramps, medians, dark-lighted roads, and winter correlated with full access-controlled segment crashes. Factors influencing fatalities differed for each cluster. From the insightful findings, targeted countermeasures geared at improving motorcycle safety are suggested.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48871,"journal":{"name":"Transportmetrica A-Transport Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 175-199"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46793946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of stochastic link capacity and link performance function including uncertainty of driver’s behaviour","authors":"Teppei Kato ,&nbsp;Kenetsu Uchida ,&nbsp;Ryuichi Tani ,&nbsp;Kazunori Munehiro","doi":"10.1080/23249935.2023.2218943","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23249935.2023.2218943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, user equilibrium models with uncertainty were proposed to describe stochastic travel time in road networks. The accurate estimation of a stochastic link capacity is important for such models. This study develops a method for estimating a stochastic link capacity by considering the uncertainty of the driver’s behaviour. We postulate that the stochastic link capacity follows a lognormal distribution. The characteristics of the lognormal distribution suit real traffic observation, e.g. nonnegativity, asymmetricity, and long-tailed. Furthermore, the estimated link capacity can derive the analytical likelihood function for the link performance function. Then, the link performance function can be estimated analytically by explicitly considering the source of uncertainty. The proposed methods can contribute to the estimation of stochastic link capacity and the link performance function for the user equilibrium model with stochastic travel time. A numerical calculation demonstrates the proposed method using real traffic observations in Sapporo, Japan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48871,"journal":{"name":"Transportmetrica A-Transport Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 27-49"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41374798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bimodal transit design with heterogeneous demand elasticity under different fare structures","authors":"Yi Yang ,&nbsp;Xinguo Jiang ,&nbsp;Yusong Yan ,&nbsp;Tao Liu ,&nbsp;Yu Jiang","doi":"10.1080/23249935.2023.2231091","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23249935.2023.2231091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study develops a new optimisation model to design a bimodal transit system from a microeconomic view to maximise the profit of a transit agency considering heterogeneous demand elasticity and different fare structures. Bimodal transit network parameters are optimized to better serve passenger demand. An elastic demand function is devised to include various time components and incorporate flat, distance-based, and hybrid fares. A nested iterative procedure is developed to find a near-optimal solution. Numerical experiments reveal the following interesting findings. First, the increase in elasticity parameters has a knock-on effect on the financial performance, consequently leading to a net profit reduction. Second, a distance-based fare scheme brings in the least actual demand but makes the most profit, compared with the flat and hybrid fare schemes. Third, passengers prefer using a rail-bus system to a BRT-bus system, especially at a higher demand level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48871,"journal":{"name":"Transportmetrica A-Transport Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 200-226"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44903612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The real-time dynamic online feeder service with a maximum headway at mandatory stops","authors":"Bryan David Galarza Montenegro ,&nbsp;Kenneth Sörensen ,&nbsp;Pieter Vansteenwegen","doi":"10.1080/23249935.2023.2227738","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23249935.2023.2227738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>On the one hand, fully flexible demand-responsive feeder services efficiently tailor their service to passengers' needs. Traditional services, on the other hand, offer predictability and easier cost control. This paper considers a semi-flexible feeder service that combines positive characteristics of both traditional and fully flexible services. There are two types of bus stops in this service. Mandatory bus stops have a maximum allowable headway for bus departures. Optional stops are only visited when there is demand for transportation nearby. When new passenger requests arrive, the performance of this feeder service is optimised in real time. A metaheuristic with two phases is developed to optimise the service. The dynamic optimisation method is compared to a model that optimises the service when all requests are known beforehand. The results show that the dynamic method has an average gap of 6.5% with respect to the static model and an average acceptance rate of 95.1%. A case study in the city of Antwerp shows that, when compared to existing transit options in the region, this feeder service can increase the service quality by 31.6% when enough resources are available.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48871,"journal":{"name":"Transportmetrica A-Transport Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 130-174"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45550452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating ride-hailing services with public transport: a stochastic user equilibrium model for multimodal transport systems","authors":"Bing Liu ,&nbsp;Yuxiong Ji ,&nbsp;Oded Cats","doi":"10.1080/23249935.2023.2236240","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23249935.2023.2236240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Public transport (PT) agencies are increasingly keen on integrating ride-hailing (RH) services with PT to improve overall mobility. Understanding the traffic flow distribution in the integrated system is vital for the policy decision-making and services design of such a system. We propose a stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) model for multimodal transport systems consisting of private car, PT and RH. The travel costs in the SUE model are investigated using a multimodal graph representation to capture the relationship of different travel modes in the integrated system. We apply the proposed model to a toy case and a real-world case. A RH subsidy strategy is compared with the benchmark to demonstrate travellers’ route and mode shifts in the integrated system. Our findings offer insights on subsidising RH services through the proposed model, and provide valuable knowledge on the planning and design of the integrated system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48871,"journal":{"name":"Transportmetrica A-Transport Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 329-357"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47280471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the joint impacts of income, car ownership, and built environment on daily activity patterns: a cluster analysis of trip chains","authors":"Elnaz Yousefzadeh Barri ,&nbsp;Steven Farber ,&nbsp;Hadi Jahanshahi ,&nbsp;Ignacio Tiznado-Aitken ,&nbsp;Eda Beyazit","doi":"10.1080/23249935.2023.2236235","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23249935.2023.2236235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clustering activity patterns and identifying homogeneous travel behaviour through trip chain sequences offer valuable insight for transportation planners and policymakers in addressing transport equity problems and travel demand management. This study explores how income and car-ownership levels determine mobility patterns and travellers' decisions. Unlike previous studies that investigated the travel mode and destinations separately, we designed a novel, aggregated form considering the trip purpose and associated transport mode use as a unit of our analysis. To mitigate the subjectivity of rule-based approaches for trip chain analysis, we employ a novel sequence clustering framework to extract homogeneous clusters of activity patterns. Our results reveal that income and car-ownership levels influence travellers' travel decisions and mobility patterns. Among low-income carless households, 37% of their daily trips include care activities where women more frequently than men play this traditional role in a household by either public transit or a car as a passenger. In the low-income car-owner subsample, females still use public transit for their work trips, whereas males more often use the available car to commute to work. Males of wealthy carless households integrate public transit and active transportation for their daily trips when they live in high-density and more accessible neighbourhoods. While our findings demonstrate the impact of car ownership, income, and built environment on trip-chaining behaviour, we recognise that achieving transport equity will require tailored transportation and land use policies and investments that address the specific needs and barriers faced by different household types, particularly the most vulnerable ones in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, accessibility levels, and affordability issues. Hence, we recommend that policymakers and planners take a more holistic approach to transportation planning that considers the interplay of these factors to ensure that transportation systems and services are accessible, affordable, and equitable for all.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48871,"journal":{"name":"Transportmetrica A-Transport Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 272-302"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45514996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traffic efficiency and fairness optimisation for autonomous intersection management based on reinforcement learning","authors":"Yuanyuan Wu ,&nbsp;David Z. W. Wang ,&nbsp;Feng Zhu","doi":"10.1080/23249935.2023.2232047","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23249935.2023.2232047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autonomous Intersection Management (AIM) for high-level Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) has evolved from rule-based to optimisation-based policies. However, at congested major-minor intersections, optimising solely for efficiency can negatively impact vehicle fairness. This study addresses this issue by proposing a deep reinforcement learning approach that optimises both traffic efficiency and fairness for AIM. In the modelled multi-objective Markov decision process, traffic fairness is measured by the difference between the crossing order and the approaching order of CAVs, while traffic efficiency is measured by average travel time. With unknown preferences of the objectives, Bellman optimality equation is generalised to obtain the optimal policies over the space of all possible preferences during the iterative training process. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated in a simulated real-world intersection and compared with three benchmark policies, including the fairest policy for AIM: first-come-first-served. The learned policies perform best in reducing overall average vehicle delay, and demonstrate outstanding performance in balancing traffic fairness and efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48871,"journal":{"name":"Transportmetrica A-Transport Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 247-271"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41454744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kernel estimates as general concept for the measuring of pedestrian density","authors":"Jana Vacková ,&nbsp;Marek Bukáček","doi":"10.1080/23249935.2023.2236236","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23249935.2023.2236236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The standard definition of pedestrian density produces scattered values, hence, many approaches have been developed to improve the features of the estimated density. This paper provides a review of generally applied methods and presents a general framework based on various kernels that bring desired properties of density estimates (e.g. continuity) and incorporate ordinarily used methods. The developed kernel concept considers each pedestrian as a source of density distribution, parametrised by the kernel type (e.g. Gauss, cone) and kernel size. The quantitative parametric study performed on experimental data illustrates that parametrisation brings desired features, for instance, a conic kernel with a base radius in $ (0.7, 1.2) $ <span><math><mo>(</mo><mn>0.7</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1.2</mn><mo>)</mo></math></span> m produces smooth values that retain trend features. The correspondence between kernel and non-kernel methods (namely Voronoi diagram and customised inverse distance to the nearest pedestrian) is achievable for a wide range of kernel parameter. Thereby the generality of the concept is supported.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48871,"journal":{"name":"Transportmetrica A-Transport Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 303-328"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81006516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the lateral dimension of vehicles movement: a stochastic differential approach with applications","authors":"HongSheng Qi","doi":"10.1080/23249935.2023.2239375","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23249935.2023.2239375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A stochastic lateral movement model is proposed to address the limitations of current traffic models, which fail to capture the stochastic nature of the lateral component in vehicle movement during lane keeping and lane changing. This model incorporates a lateral noise component and a lateral movement component, with parameters that have clear physical interpretations including noise intensity, driver’s sensitivity to lateral deviation, and sensitivity to noise. The model successfully describes the real-world distribution and standard deviation of lateral displacement, achieves over 70% accuracy in distinguishing between human driven vehicles and autonomous vehicles, derives the lane changing duration distribution consistent with experimental observation, and shows that the sensitivity to lateral deviation is about 7 times higher in lane changing compared to lane keeping.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48871,"journal":{"name":"Transportmetrica A-Transport Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 411-435"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59991235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}