Archivos Espanoles De Urologia最新文献

{"title":"Exploration of Associated Risk Factors and Development of Predictive Models for Individuals with Uric Acid Stones in the Upper Urinary System: A Retrospective Investigation.","authors":"Guangyang Wan, Chengshan Li, Bingpu Chen","doi":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257802.28","DOIUrl":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257802.28","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In clinical practice, the prevalence of upper urinary tract uric acid stones is increasing. This research seeks to pinpoint the factors that contribute to the development of upper urinary tract uric acid stones and create a predictive model for this condition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we retrospectively analysed the clinical records of 267 patients diagnosed with urinary calculi from our hospital's Department of Urology from January 2019 to May 2024. Patients were categorised into two groups: The uric acid stone in the upper urinary tract group (n = 43) and the other types of stones in the upper urinary tract group (n = 224). We collected general clinical characteristics, urinary test results, liver and kidney function parameters and glucose and lipid metabolism indicators for multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The uric acid stones in the upper urinary tract group showed a substantially higher average body mass index (BMI), a greater proportion of obese patients and more patients with diabetes than the other types of stones in the upper urinary tract group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Conversely, the urine pH and total protein levels in the former were lower than those in the latter. Moreover, the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), uric acid (UA), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in the former were higher than those in the latter (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Logistic regression identified BMI, BUN, SCr, UA, FBG and TC as risk factors for uric acid stone formation, with urine pH as a protective factor (<i>p</i> < 0.05). ROC analysis confirmed the high predictive value of these factors (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BMI, obesity, diabetes, markers of renal function and the indicators of glucose and lipid metabolism play crucial roles as risk factors in the prediction of upper urinary tract uric acid stones. Regularly monitoring these parameters can aid in the prompt detection of upper urinary tract uric acid stones.</p>","PeriodicalId":48852,"journal":{"name":"Archivos Espanoles De Urologia","volume":"78 2","pages":"207-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Expression Profile of miRNA in Urine Exosomes of Patients with Calcium Oxalate Stones and Its Bioinformatics Analysis.","authors":"Qiao Ying, Guixi Liu, Wenjun Zhou, Jianhua Lan, Wenqiang Yuan, Yujie Luo, Jianhui Du, Jian Mou, Sixiang Chen, Xiaohan Xu","doi":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257802.34","DOIUrl":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257802.34","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Extracellular microRNA (miRNA) (exosomal miRNA) embedded in exosomes plays a vital role in the progression of calcium oxalate disease. This study aimed to identify dysregulated miRNA expression profiles and their biological functions in the urinary exosomes of patients with calcium oxalate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ultrahigh-speed centrifugation and Illumina high-throughput sequencing were used to isolate and detect the expression levels of exocrine miRNAs in urine samples from 10 patients with calcium oxalate stones and 10 matched normal persons, and construct their differential expression profiles. Bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed genes was carried out to determine the main biological functions of differentially expressed miRNAs and their possible signal pathways.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with normal people, 38 miRNAs in the urinary exosomes of patients with calcium oxalate stones showed significantly abnormal expression levels, of which 18 were up-regulated and 20 were down-regulated. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed miRNAs were related to biological processes such as calcium transport, inflammation, injury, oxidative stress and adhesion. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the differentially expressed miRNAs may participate in the occurrence and development of calcium oxalate stones through cytokines and inflammatory response-related signalling pathways such as chemokine signalling pathway, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT) signalling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signalling pathway and Rat sarcoma (RAS) signalling pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The expression profile of miRNA in the urine exosomes of patients with calcium oxalate stones changed significantly. miRNAs, such as miR-130b, miR-192, miR-194 and miR-499, may play important roles in the occurrence and development of calcium oxalate stones through cytokines and inflammatory response-related signal pathways, including chemokine, PI3K-AKT, MAPK and RAS.</p>","PeriodicalId":48852,"journal":{"name":"Archivos Espanoles De Urologia","volume":"78 2","pages":"255-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Value of Free to Total Prostate-Specific Antigen Ratio for Gleason Score Results Obtained by Transrectal Prostate Biopsy in Patients with Prostate-Specific Antigen Grey Zone.","authors":"Coskun Bostanci","doi":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257802.20","DOIUrl":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257802.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To evaluate the correlation between prebiopsy free-to-total prostate-specific antigen ratio (f/t PSA) and biopsy Gleason score (GS) results and determine the diagnostic accuracy of f/t PSA ratio for prostate carcinoma in patients with a PSA grey zone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on 808 patients were retrospectively reviewed. Based on the f/t PSA ratio results, the patients were classified into three groups. Group 1 consisted of 210 patients having an f/t PSA ratio between 0-0.15; Group 2 comprised 327 patients having an f/t PSA ratio between 0.16-0.25; Group 3 included 271 patients having an f/t PSA ratio >0.25. Demographic and clinical data, including detailed pathological results, were analysed. Assessment of diagnostic accuracy was achieved through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve evaluation, and the optimal threshold value of the f/t PSA ratio for the prediction of prostate carcinoma was determined, along with its sensitivity and specificity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An inverse correlation was observed between the f/t PSA ratio and biopsy GS results. In Group 1, 19% of patients were found to have a GS of 6, but this percentage was nearly halved to 10.7% in Group 3. For those with a GS of 7, the proportion dropped considerably from 40% in Group 1 to 6.6% in Group 3. Similarly, the percentage of patients with a GS of 8 decreased from 9.5% in Group 1 to 1.4% in Group 3. ROC curve analysis revealed an area under curve of 0.756 for the f/t PSA with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 0.724 to 0.785. A threshold value of ≤0.16 provided 57.1% sensitivity and 86.4% specificity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although the prebiopsy f/t PSA ratio shows promise as an indicator for the prediction of biopsy GS results, its diagnostic accuracy for the detection of prostate carcinoma is inferior to that of PSA density and prostate volume. Nevertheless, additional research with larger patient groups is needed to confirm these results.</p>","PeriodicalId":48852,"journal":{"name":"Archivos Espanoles De Urologia","volume":"78 2","pages":"144-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy and Platelet-Rich Plasma: Effective Combination Treatment of Chronic-Phase Peyronie's Disease.","authors":"Müslüm Ergün, Süleyman Sağır","doi":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257802.23","DOIUrl":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257802.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness, safety and outcomes of the combination therapy of low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (Li-ESWT) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for the treatment of chronic-phase Peyronie's disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The clinical outcomes of patients diagnosed with Peyronie's disease and treated with Li-ESWT combined with PRP at our clinic between January 2018 and January 2024 were retrospectively reviewed and analysed. Twenty-three patients were excluded based on inclusion criteria, leaving 26 patients for the retrospective analysis. Each patient received three sessions of PRP and six sessions of Li-ESWT. The treatment regimen involved sessions administered twice weekly over a period of 3 weeks, followed by 1-week post-treatment follow-up. The patients were then monitored for 24 weeks.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>After treatment, no significant reduction in average plaque size was observed. However, a statistically significant average improvement of 10° was noted for penile curvature. Among the patients, 14 (53.8%) reported satisfaction with the treatment outcome, and 12 (46.2%) expressed dissatisfaction. No significant adverse effects were observed at the injection sites or in the areas subjected to Li-ESWT post-procedure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The combination of Li-ESWT and PRP is effective and safe for the treatment of chronic-phase Peyronie's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":48852,"journal":{"name":"Archivos Espanoles De Urologia","volume":"78 2","pages":"164-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy is Key: Transrectal Ultrasound Versus Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Determine Prostatic Volume.","authors":"Dana Feldman, Maxwell Sandberg, Mark Xu, Wyatt Whitman, Janmejay Hingu, Gavin Underwood, Emily Ye, Sean Catley, Claudia Marie Costa, Ronald Davis Iii, Ashok Hemal, Alejandro Rodriguez","doi":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257802.21","DOIUrl":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257802.21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A multitude of options can be used to image the prostate, but transrectal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are the mainstays. Accuracy in prostate measurements is key to the preoperative planning of any surgical intervention planned on the prostate such as tissue resection or prostatectomy. Some evidence exists that magnetic resonance imaging is the most accurate modality, but given its cost, the clinical significance remains uncertain. This study aimed to compare transrectal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging prostate volumes with prostate gross specimens in men having tissue-confirmed prostate cancer who underwent robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy to determine accuracy in sizing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a retrospective analysis conducted on men who underwent robotic prostatectomy for prostate cancer and had a preoperative transrectal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging prostate size measurement (147 men in total) between 2012-2024. Patients were required to undergo robotic prostatectomy ≤2 months from the time of transrectal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging prostate-size determination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean transrectal ultrasound was significantly smaller on average than magnetic resonance imaging prostate volume (-4.8 mL; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Transrectal ultrasound (-14.4 mL) and magnetic resonance imaging (-9.5 mL) were significantly smaller than actual prostate weight (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The mean difference between transrectal ultrasound volume and prostate weight was significantly greater from the mean difference between magnetic resonance imaging volume and prostate weight (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Participants with high-grade (Gleason grade ≥8) and non-high-grade cancer (Gleason grade <8) did not differ in actual prostate weight after robotic radical prostatectomy or in estimated prostate volume (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although transrectal ultrasound appears to be less accurate than magnetic resonance imaging in estimating prostate size, the difference is small, and it remains an adequate imaging modality in patients with prostate cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":48852,"journal":{"name":"Archivos Espanoles De Urologia","volume":"78 2","pages":"151-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Association between ERG/PTEN Expression and Biochemical Recurrence in Prostate Cancer: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Weijun Zhu, Weifei Chen","doi":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257801.4","DOIUrl":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257801.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>ETS</i>-related gene (<i>ERG</i>) rearrangement and tensin homolog (<i>PTEN</i>) deletion are common molecular alterations in prostate cancer. Their prognostic significance for biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy is not fully understood. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association between <i>ERG</i> and <i>PTEN</i> status and BCR risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for studies on <i>ERG</i>/<i>PTEN</i> status and BCR following radical prostatectomy. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed-effects and random-effects models to determine the risk associated with these biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The meta-analysis showed that <i>ERG</i> positivity was linked to a 35.38% increased risk of BCR (HR = 1.3538 (0.9517; 1.9256), <i>p</i> = 0.0920) with significant heterogeneity (I² = 69.3%, <i>p</i> = 0.0001). In subgroup analysis, <i>ERG</i> positivity was associated with increased BCR risk in both Asian (HR = 2.2538) and Caucasian (HR = 1.4387) populations. <i>PTEN</i> loss was associated with an 83.73% higher BCR risk (HR = 1.8373, 95% CI: 1.6469-2.0496, <i>p</i> < 0.0001) with low heterogeneity (I² = 16.3%, <i>p</i> = 0.2974).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both <i>ERG</i> rearrangement and <i>PTEN</i> deletion are associated with an increased risk of BCR after radical prostatectomy. While these biomarkers may improve prognostic stratification, the prognostic value of <i>ERG</i> status varies across different populations, suggesting a need for personalized management strategies in prostate cancer based on molecular markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":48852,"journal":{"name":"Archivos Espanoles De Urologia","volume":"78 1","pages":"25-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143410955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between the Composition of Urinary Calculi and Protein Biomarkers in Serum and Urine.","authors":"Xun Wang, Qiang Ma, Xuefeng Xie, Xueqiang Lu","doi":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257801.11","DOIUrl":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257801.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The present study aims to determine the relationship between the expression levels of serum and urine biomarkers, and the composition of urinary calculi, in order to provide additional background information on the disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 80 patients with urinary calculi, who were admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to June 2023, were selected as the study objects. In addition, 80 healthy subjects, who were admitted to our hospital during the same period, were selected as the control group. Patients with urinary calculi were further divided into two groups: Calcium oxalate calculi group and uric acid carbonate calculi group. The serum and urine biomarker levels of subjects in each group were compared by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlation among calculi composition, clinical indicators, and protein biomarker levels was determined by single-factor and multi-factor analyses. The value of protein biomarkers in predicting calculi composition was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were significant differences in the expression levels of Lipocalin-2, matrix metalloproteinase 8, matrix metalloproteinase 9, angiopoietin-like 3, Dickkopf-4, interleukin 10 receptor alpha, interleukin 1 receptor 5, interleukin 2 receptor subunit gamma chain, and interleukin 28 A between the experimental and control groups. Furthermore, serum and urine Dickkopf-4, urine interleukin 10 receptor alpha, and microscopic red blood cell levels in urine were higher in patients with calcium oxalate calculi, when compared to patients with uric acid carbonate calculi (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the area under curve for the four indicators was 0.854, with a cut-off value of 0.742. Thus, this can be used to predict the calcium oxalate composition in calculi.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Serum and urine protein biomarkers Dickkopf-4 and urine interleukin 10 receptor alpha, and microscopic red blood cells in urine can be used to predict the calculi composition. Patients with calcium oxalate calculi are more likely to have hematuria, when compared to patients with calculi of other compositions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48852,"journal":{"name":"Archivos Espanoles De Urologia","volume":"78 1","pages":"84-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Triglyceride and Glucose Index is Associated with the Severity of Erectile Dysfunction.","authors":"Ozan Efesoy, Barış Saylam, Selahittin Çayan","doi":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257801.3","DOIUrl":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257801.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Insulin resistance resulting in endothelial dysfunction is related to erectile dysfunction. The triglyceride and glucose index is a low-cost, practical, and easily accessible parameter for determining insulin resistance. We aimed to reveal the relationship between the triglyceride and glucose index and the severity of erectile dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records of 974 patients admitted to our clinic complaining of erectile dysfunction between January 2021 and June 2023 were scanned retrospectively from the database programme. According to the scores obtained from the simplified 5-item International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire, patients were classified into four groups: Group 1 (patients with severe erectile dysfunction), group 2 (patients with moderate erectile dysfunction), group 3 (patients with mild-to-moderate erectile dysfunction), and group 4 (patients with mild erectile dysfunction). We compared the fasting serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol levels, and triglyceride and glucose indices (formula 1: Ln[fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)]/2), and formula 2: Ln[fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]) of the patients in the groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant differences in the mean age and serum total testosterone levels existed amongst the four groups (<i>p</i> = 0.695 and 0.074, respectively). A statistically significant difference was found in fasting serum glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels amongst the groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Significant negative correlations were found between the simplified 5-item International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire score and fasting serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and triglyceride and glucose index (all <i>p</i> values < 0.001). The triglyceride and glucose index level was related to the risk of severe erectile dysfunction. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the cutoff values were 5.05 for the triglyceride and glucose index by formula 1 and 9.43 for the triglyceride and glucose index by formula 2 in predicting severe erectile dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The triglyceride and glucose index may be associated with erectile dysfunction and also its severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":48852,"journal":{"name":"Archivos Espanoles De Urologia","volume":"78 1","pages":"18-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postpartum Stress Urinary Incontinence: Current Advances in Non-Pharmacological Therapies.","authors":"Yanzhen Chen, Feifang Zhang, Pingwu Zheng, Dawei Cui, Xufei Fan","doi":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257801.1","DOIUrl":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257801.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a prevalent postpartum condition that significantly impacts women's quality of life and mental health. This systematic review synthesizes current advances in non-pharmacological therapies for postpartum SUI, focusing on pelvic-floor muscle training (PFMT), electrical and magnetic stimulation, acupuncture, and other therapies like Pilates and breathing exercises. Our literature search in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web Science identified studies examining these interventions, which are crucial for treating SUI due to their safety and efficacy. PFMT, also known as Kegel exercises, is the cornerstone of SUI treatment, enhancing pelvic-floor muscle strength and function. Electrical and magnetic stimulation is emerging as effective adjuncts to PFMT, improving muscle endurance and urinary control. Acupuncture, a traditional Chinese medicine therapy, shows promise in regulating pelvic-floor muscle function and is particularly appealing due to its safety and reliability. Pilates and breathing exercises are also considered, with evidence suggesting that they improve core strength and urinary incontinence symptoms when combined with PFMT. Despite the variety of treatments available, several questions remain, including the optimal duration of pelvic-floor electrical and magnetic stimulation, the potential synergistic effect of these stimulations with PFMT, and whether prolonged stimulation provides additional benefits. Future research should address patient compliance, long-term treatment effects, and the biological mechanisms underlying these therapies. A multimodal treatment approach may yield synergistic effects and improved outcomes. This review provides evidence to support clinical treatment recommendations and highlights areas for future research, aiming to optimize non-pharmacological treatment programs for postpartum SUI.</p>","PeriodicalId":48852,"journal":{"name":"Archivos Espanoles De Urologia","volume":"78 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Efficacy of Transurethral Cystolithotripsy and Percutaneous Cystolithotomy in the Treatment of Male Children with 20-30 mm Bladder Stones: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Yichun Xie, Mingchun Zhang, Ke Liu","doi":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257801.9","DOIUrl":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257801.9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of transurethral cystolithotripsy (TUCL) and percutaneous cystolithotomy (PCCL) in treating 20-30 mm bladder stones in male children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on 62 male children of ≤16 years of age who were admitted to our hospital with bladder stones between January 2020 and December 2023 were retrospectively collected. The patients were categorised into a TUCL group (TUCL, n = 32) and a PCCL group (PCCL, n = 30) according to the employed surgical method. Operative time, stone-free rate (SFR), complication incidence, and general information of the patients were compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences in age, stone size, composition, and other general medical history were observed between the two groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05). SFR was 100% in both groups, but the operative time in the TUCL group was significantly longer than that in the PCCL group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, catheter indwelling time in the TUCL group was significantly shorter than that in the PCCL group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). No significant difference in the overall complication incidence was found between the two groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05), whereas the number of urinary retention cases was higher in the TUCL group than in the PCCL group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TUCL and PCCL are effective surgical methods for treating 20-30 mm bladder stones in male children. Compared to TUCL, PCCL may be the preferred option owing to its relatively shorter operative time and lower complication rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":48852,"journal":{"name":"Archivos Espanoles De Urologia","volume":"78 1","pages":"71-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143410769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}