Archivos Espanoles De Urologia最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of Risk Factors for Postoperative Recurrence in Elderly Patients with Kidney Stones: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Lingyan Ding, Siyang Xu, Xinfeng Chen, Cheng Shen, Hua Zhu, Bing Zheng, Wei Zhang, Chunmei Shi","doi":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20247707.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20247707.108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Renal calculi are solid crystals that form in the kidneys and cause severe pain and discomfort. This study aims to investigate risk factors for postoperative recurrence of renal calculi in elderly patients and provide background knowledge on the prevalence and management of renal calculi in this demographic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The clinical data of 123 elderly patients with renal calculi were included from 1 June 2021 to 1 June 2023 for their 6-month follow-up study. The patients were divided into recurrence group and non-recurrence group according to whether they had recurrence after surgery. The general sociological characteristics and disease-related characteristics of the two groups were counted. Logistic regression equation was used to calculate differences, and the influencing factors of postoperative recurrence in elderly patients with kidney stones were obtained. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to analyse the value of the factors in predicting postoperative recurrence in patients with kidney stones.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 123 elderly patients with renal calculi were enrolled. The patients were divided according to the presence or absence of stone recurrence into the recurrence group (25 cases, 20.33%) and the non-recurrence group (98 cases, 79.67%). Postoperative water intake, excessive intake of animal protein, exercise and postoperative complications significantly differed between the recurrence group and the non-recurrence group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the above-mentioned indicators were the influencing factors of postoperative recurrence. The area under the curve (AUC) values of postoperative water intake (AUC = 0.767), animal protein intake (AUC = 0.752), exercise (AUC = 0.707) and postoperative complications (AUC = 0.727) were statistically significant, and they were identified as the most important factors with high sensitivity and specificity and were of high value in predicting postoperative recurrence of renal calculi.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elderly patients with kidney stones are prone to recurrence after surgery. Influencing factors should be given attention, and corresponding measures should be formulated for intervention as soon as possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":48852,"journal":{"name":"Archivos Espanoles De Urologia","volume":"77 7","pages":"772-778"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Immunohistochemical Biomarkers on Predicting the Risk of Biochemical Recurrence for Patients that Underwent Radical Prostatectomy: A Literature Review.","authors":"Mihnea Bogdan Borz, Vlad Horia Schitcu, Bogdan Fetica, Oliviu Cristian Borz, Răzvan Couți, Ion Cojocaru, Ioan Coman","doi":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20247707.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20247707.100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a significant global health issue, exhibiting a spectrum of clinical behaviours from indolent to aggressive. Biomarkers are crucial for risk assessment, treatment selection and prognosis prediction. Despite their importance, accurately evaluating PCa aggressiveness and guiding personalised treatment strategies present challenges. This review aims to evaluate biomarkers for assessing recurrence risk following radical prostatectomy, with a focus on personalised follow-up and timely intervention for high-risk patients. This review assesses the clinical significance of immunohistochemical biomarkers, including LIM domain kinase 1 (LIMK1), Antigen Kiel 67 (Ki67), <i>PTEN</i> and <i>ERG</i>, in PCa management. A comprehensive literature review examined the correlation between these biomarkers and biochemical recurrence (BCR) in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Our search included articles published between 2019 and 2024, yielding 87 articles, with 7 focused on the correlation between LIMK1 and BCR, 46 on Ki67 and 34 on <i>PTEN</i>/<i>ERG</i> biomarkers. After applying the exclusion criteria, 36 articles were included for review. LIMK1, a serine/threonine kinase, is highly expressed in cancers like PCa. It influences cell survival and motility through actin cytoskeleton reorganisation, correlating with poor prognosis, aggressive tumour behaviour and BCR. Similarly, Ki67, a marker of cell proliferation, predicts high-risk PCa and worse prognosis, particularly in castration-resistant cases, although its association with recurrence risk remains debated. <i>PTEN</i> loss and <i>ERG</i> fusion are prevalent genetic alterations in PCa, with <i>PTEN</i> loss linked to poor prognosis and <i>ERG</i> fusion associated with increased disease progression and BCR post-prostatectomy. Integrating these biomarkers into clinical practice can enhance risk stratification and inform personalised treatment strategies for patients with PCa. Despite promising findings, further validation studies and standardisation of detection methods are needed to ensure the clinical utility of these biomarkers. Continued research is essential to validate and optimise the clinical utility of these biomarkers, paving the way for more effective PCa management strategies and improved patient outcomes and quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":48852,"journal":{"name":"Archivos Espanoles De Urologia","volume":"77 7","pages":"718-725"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Treatment of Tunnelled Composite Anterior-Lateral Inguinal Skin Flap, Buccal Mucosal Graft and Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Catastrophically Lost Penis after Circumcision.","authors":"Seyithan Özaydın","doi":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20247707.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20247707.115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Catastrophic loss of the penis following post-circumcision necrosis is a rare and devastating complication. Treatment options are limited, and the process is highly challenging. This study aims to report the successful application of our combined treatment approach for a 6-year-old patient who experienced total penile loss due to progressive necrosis 1 year after circumcision.</p><p><strong>Methods & results: </strong>Following penile degloving, proximal penile mobilisation and separation and reshaping of the corpora were performed. The penile shaft was covered with a tunnelled composite anterior-lateral inguinal skin flap. Glanuloplasty was performed using a left buccal mucosal graft, followed by 10 sessions of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. At 1.5 months postoperatively, urethral dilation was performed once because of minor voiding difficulties. At 10 months postoperatively, the patient had excellent voiding function and no additional complaints. The patient expressed high satisfaction with the outcome and is still under close follow up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A standard treatment for serious complications such as necrosis and total penile loss has not been established yet. Although scrotal skin flap is a straightforward technique, it was not preferred in our case because of fibrosis following scrotal necrosis and potential risk of hair growth. The developed approach could be an effective alternative to other techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":48852,"journal":{"name":"Archivos Espanoles De Urologia","volume":"77 7","pages":"826-836"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Oral Gabapentin before Plasmakinetic Resection of the Prostate on Anesthesia Effects in Older Adults with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Yi Li, Jizheng Zhang, Xiaohua Sun, Jinli Che, Wanlu Ren","doi":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20247707.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20247707.107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common chronic disease affecting the health of the urinary system and the quality of life in older adults. Plasmakinetic resection of the prostate (PKRP) is one of the important surgical procedures for treating BPH; However, older adults may experience anesthesia complications and postoperative pain. This retrospective study aimed to assess the effects of preoperative oral gabapentin on anesthesia outcomes in older adults with BPH undergoing PKRP and to provide detailed clinical evidence for improving the impact of surgical treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The medical records of 178 older adults with BPH who underwent PKRP in Tianjin Hospital from March 2021 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. After excluding 18 patients who did not meet the inclusion criteria, 160 patients were finally included in the study. According to preoperative use of gabapentin, patients were divided into the observation group (n = 75, received gabapentin) and the control group (n = 85, did not receive gabapentin). The baseline data, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, postoperative Ramsay Sedation Scale (RSS) scores, and incidence of adverse reactions were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant differences observed between the two groups in terms of age, body mass index, prostate volume, surgery duration, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, VAS scores at postoperative 36 hours and 48 hours, and RSS scores at postoperative 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, and 48 hours (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Compared to the control group, the observation group had significantly lower VAS scores at postoperative 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and the incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower within 24 hours after surgery (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Preoperative administration of gabapentin before PKRP could reduce pain severity and the incidence of adverse reactions and improve anesthetic effects in older adults with BPH, which is conducive to postoperative recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":48852,"journal":{"name":"Archivos Espanoles De Urologia","volume":"77 7","pages":"766-771"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a Remote Multimodal Psychoeducational Intervention Nursing Program on Mental Health and Quality of Life of Renal Cell Carcinoma Survivors: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Mingzhu Dong, Xiaoting Sun, Ying Hu","doi":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20247707.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20247707.110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Undergoing surgery for renal cell carcinoma can potentially compromise the mental well-being and overall quality of life of survivors. Long-term psychological education interventions that are delivered remotely through various modalities have shown promise in enhancing the psychological well-being and quality of life of cancer patients. This study investigates the effect of remote multimodal psychoeducational interventions on mental well-being and quality of life of renal cell carcinoma survivors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted to compare patients receiving remote psychological interventions (exposure group) with those receiving standard care (control group). Following the interventions, various data sets including general demographic information, and assessments from the Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), the Brief Fatigue Inventory-Chinese version (BFI-C), the Distress Thermometer (DT), and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) were gathered and analysed for comparison.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 116 renal cell carcinoma survivors, with 52 in the exposure group and 64 in the control group. Baseline characteristics were not significantly different between the two groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05). After the intervention, the exposure group had significantly lower scores than the control group on HAMA (14.63 vs. 16.66, <i>p</i> < 0.001), HAMD (13.63 vs. 16.36, <i>p</i> < 0.001), BFI-C (52.31 vs. 57.65, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and DT (3.94 vs. 4.98, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Additionally, the exposure group had significantly higher total score of EORTC QLQ-C30 (69.22 vs. 65.59, <i>p</i> < 0.001) than the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Remote multimodal psychoeducational interventions demonstrate a notable impact in mitigating adverse emotions, exhaustion, and discomfort experienced by survivors of renal cell carcinoma. Such interventions should be actively promoted in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":48852,"journal":{"name":"Archivos Espanoles De Urologia","volume":"77 7","pages":"789-795"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Information-Motivation-Behavioural Skills Model on Older Women with Urge Urinary Incontinence: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Huifang Xie, Liumei Luo","doi":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20247707.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20247707.105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urge urinary incontinence (UUI) commonly occurs in elderly female patients. The application research of the Information-Motivation-Behavioural Skills (IMB) model has been applied in various therapeutic contexts, but research on its application in UUI management is limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Elderly female patients diagnosed with UUI were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into two groups. All patients were given pelvic floor muscle training. The control group received routine health education management, whereas the observation group received health education management on the basis of the IMB model in addition to routine education. Before and after treatment, the severity of urinary incontinence was evaluated using a 1 h urine pad test. The anxiety and depression statuses were evaluated using Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Incontinence Quality-of-Life (I-QOL) was used to evaluate the quality of life of patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After treatment, the leakage volume, SAS and SDS scores of both groups significantly decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with the observation group having significantly lower leakage volume, SAS, and SDS scores than the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The I-QOL scores of both groups increased (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and the observation group had significantly higher scores than the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Health education interventions based on the IMB model can improve urinary leakage in elderly women with UUI, improve their negative emotions and enable them to have an enhanced quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":48852,"journal":{"name":"Archivos Espanoles De Urologia","volume":"77 7","pages":"753-759"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Preoperative Nursing Visit on Anxiety and Postoperative Complications in Patients Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Mengyu Zhang, Lu Chen, Xiaobing Lai, Yifan Li, Jinfang Si, Fen Wu, Hui Kong","doi":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20247707.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20247707.103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore the effect of preoperative nursing visit on anxiety and postoperative complications in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy and to provide a better perioperative management plan for patients with prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing surgical treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The medical records of 199 patients who underwent PCa treatment in our hospital from June 2021 to June 2023 were retrospectively analysed. The reference group received preoperative routine nursing, whereas the observation group implemented preoperative nursing visit. The stress indexes, quality of life, negative emotion level and incidence of complications were compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Before management, no significant difference in the levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine and cortisol was found between the two groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05). After management, the levels of the abovementioned stress indicators in the observation group were lower than those in the reference group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Before management, no significant difference in Short-Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) scores was observed between the two groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05). After management, the observation group had higher SF-36 score than the reference group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Before management, no significant difference in Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) scores was found between the two groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05). After management, the observation group had lower HAMA and HAMD scores than the reference group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Furthermore, no significant difference in the incidence of complications was found between the two groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Preoperative nursing visit can reduce the anxiety of patients with PCa to a certain extent. This scheme can promote the postoperative recovery of patients, and it has certain clinical application and promoting values.</p>","PeriodicalId":48852,"journal":{"name":"Archivos Espanoles De Urologia","volume":"77 7","pages":"739-745"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interesting New Findings of Retroperitoneal Fibrosis: Three Cases.","authors":"Pu Yuan, Xinwei Li, Yujie Yuan, Dongbin Jiang, Hui Wang, Peiyuan Xu, Dongkui Song","doi":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20247707.114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20247707.114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Retroperitoneal fibrosis is a rare disease characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis in the retroperitoneal space that may wrap around the ureter and cause an obstruction. Here we present the cases of three patients diagnosed and treated between April and August 2022.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Here we present three cases of retroperitoneal fibrosis. Imaging revealed hydronephrosis and/or ureteral dilation, whereas laboratory findings such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and immunoglobulin G4 were abnormal. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels suggested renal injury. Additionally, two patients had unclear diagnoses from other hospitals. Later, all patients underwent ureteral stenting and laparoscopic ureterolysis at our hospital and simultaneous diagnosis by biopsy. The two patients with high immunoglobulin G4 levels exhibited extremely severe fibrosis. After discharge, each received maintenance prednisone to prevent recurrence as well as methotrexate, followed by follow-up every 3 months. Fortunately, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and intravenous urography findings remained normal with an average follow-up of 8.5 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Here we discovered interesting findings in the diagnosis and treatment of retroperitoneal fibrosis, including the stable effect of medical plus surgical treatment, an unclear ureteral obstruction etiology, and the relationship between immunoglobulin G4 level and fibrosis hardness. However, the mechanisms behind these new findings require further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":48852,"journal":{"name":"Archivos Espanoles De Urologia","volume":"77 7","pages":"818-825"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor Re: The Evolution of Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance in Paediatric Urinary Tract Infections and Its Influencing Factors.","authors":"Xiangyun Li, Suyun Liu, Jie Sun, Xinmei Yuan, Shuyun Zheng, Lu Gao","doi":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20247707.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20247707.118","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48852,"journal":{"name":"Archivos Espanoles De Urologia","volume":"77 7","pages":"841-842"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ChatGPT in Clinical Medicine, Urology and Academia: A Review.","authors":"Lazaros Tzelves, Konstantinos Kapriniotis, Georgios Feretzakis, Stamatios Katsimperis, Ioannis Manolitsis, Patrick Juliebø-Jones, Amelia Pietropaolo, Senol Tonyali, Themistoklis Bellos, Bhaskar Somani","doi":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20247707.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20247707.99","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current literature on the utilisation of ChatGPT in the fields of clinical medicine, urology, and academic medicine, while also addressing the associated ethical challenges and potential risks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This narrative review conducted an extensive search of the PubMed and MEDLINE databases, covering the period from January 2022 to January 2024. The search phrases employed were \"urologic surgery\" in conjunction with \"artificial intelligence\", \"machine learning\", \"neural network\", \"ChatGPT\", \"urology\", and \"medicine\". The initial studies were chosen from the screened research to examine the possible interaction between those entities. Research utilising animal models was excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ChatGPT has demonstrated its usefulness in clinical settings by producing precise clinical correspondence, discharge summaries, and medical records, thereby assisting in these laborious tasks, especially with the latest iterations of ChatGPT. Furthermore, patients can access essential medical information by inquiring with ChatGPT. Nevertheless, there are multiple concerns regarding the correctness of the system, including allegations of falsified data and references. These issues emphasise the importance of having a doctor oversee the final result to guarantee patient safety. ChatGPT shows potential in academic medicine for generating drafts and organising datasets. However, the presence of guidelines and plagiarism-detection technologies is necessary to mitigate the risks of plagiarism and the use of faked data when using it for academic purposes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ChatGPT should be utilised as a supplementary tool by urologists and academicians. However, it is now advisable to have human oversight to guarantee patient safety, uphold academic integrity, and maintain transparency.</p>","PeriodicalId":48852,"journal":{"name":"Archivos Espanoles De Urologia","volume":"77 7","pages":"708-717"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}