European Journal for Philosophy of Science最新文献_第7页

On quantum computing for artificial superintelligence 关于人工超级智能的量子计算

IF 1.5 1区哲学

European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-024-00584-7

Anna Grabowska, Artur Gunia

{"title":"On quantum computing for artificial superintelligence","authors":"Anna Grabowska, Artur Gunia","doi":"10.1007/s13194-024-00584-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-024-00584-7","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence algorithms, fueled by continuous technological development and increased computing power, have proven effective across a variety of tasks. Concurrently, quantum computers have shown promise in solving problems beyond the reach of classical computers. These advancements have contributed to a misconception that quantum computers enable hypercomputation, sparking speculation about quantum supremacy leading to an intelligence explosion and the creation of superintelligent agents. We challenge this notion, arguing that current evidence does not support the idea that quantum technologies enable hypercomputation. Fundamental limitations on information storage within finite spaces and the accessibility of information from quantum states constrain quantum computers from surpassing the Turing computing barrier. While quantum technologies may offer exponential speed-ups in specific computing cases, there is insufficient evidence to suggest that focusing solely on quantum-related problems will lead to technological singularity and the emergence of superintelligence. Subsequently, there is no premise suggesting that general intelligence depends on quantum effects or that accelerating existing algorithms through quantum means will replicate true intelligence. We propose that if superintelligence is to be achieved, it will not be solely through quantum technologies. Instead, the attainment of superintelligence remains a conceptual challenge that humanity has yet to overcome, with quantum technologies showing no clear path toward its resolution.","PeriodicalId":48832,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Philosophy of Science","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141246503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Collapsing strong emergence’s collapse problem 强涌现的崩溃问题

IF 1.5 1区哲学

European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-024-00586-5

J. M. Fritzman

引用次数: 0

Overdetermination, underdetermination, and epistemic granularity in the historical sciences 历史科学中的过度判定、判定不足和认识粒度

IF 1.5 1区哲学

European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-024-00583-8

Christophe Malaterre

{"title":"Overdetermination, underdetermination, and epistemic granularity in the historical sciences","authors":"Christophe Malaterre","doi":"10.1007/s13194-024-00583-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-024-00583-8","url":null,"abstract":"The optimism vs. pessimism debate about the historical sciences is often framed in terms of arguments about the relative importance of overdetermination vs. underdetermination of historical claims by available evidence. While the interplay between natural processes that create multiple traces of past events (thereby conducive of overdetermination) and processes that erase past information (whence underdetermination) cannot be ignored, I locate the root of the debate in the epistemic granularity, or intuitively the level of detail, that pervades any historical claim justification network. To reveal the role played by granularity, I elaborate a model of historical claim justification. This model maps out the different elements that enter the justification of historical claims (incl., actual and inferred states of affairs, dating and information reconstructing theories). It also incorporates the different types of processes that affect traces of past events (information creating, preserving, modifying, and destroying processes). Granularity is shown to play a pivotal role in all elements of this model, and thereby in the inferred justification of any historical claim. As a result, while upward or downward shifts in granularity may explain changes about claims being considered as overdetermined or underdetermined, epistemic granularity constitutes an integral part of evidential reasoning in the historical sciences (and possibly elsewhere).","PeriodicalId":48832,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Philosophy of Science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141183013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Group field theories: decoupling spacetime emergence from the ontology of non-spatiotemporal entities 群体场论：时空涌现与非时空实体本体的解耦

IF 1.5 1区哲学

European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-024-00585-6

Marco Forgione

引用次数: 0

Coordination in social learning: expanding the narrative on the evolution of social norms 社会学习中的协调：扩展关于社会规范演变的叙述

IF 1.5 1区哲学

European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-024-00582-9

Basil Müller

{"title":"Coordination in social learning: expanding the narrative on the evolution of social norms","authors":"Basil Müller","doi":"10.1007/s13194-024-00582-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-024-00582-9","url":null,"abstract":"A shared narrative in the literature on the evolution of cooperation maintains that social learning evolves early to allow for the transmission of cumulative culture. Social norms, whilst present at the outset, only rise to prominence later on, mainly to stabilise cooperation against the threat of defection. In contrast, I argue that once we consider insights from social epistemology, an expansion of this narrative presents itself: An interesting kind of social norm — an epistemic coordination norm — was operative in early and important instances of specialised social learning. I show how there’s a need for such norms in two key social learning strategies and explain how this need is constituted. In assessor-teaching (e.g. Castro et al., 2019b, 2021), epistemic coordination norms allow agents to coordinate around the content of social learning, i.e., what is to be known and how this is to be done. These norms also allow agents to coordinate around the form of cultural learning in what’s sometimes called strategic social learning (Laland, 2004; Hoppitt & Laland, 2013; Heyes, 2018, Chap. 5) and elsewhere. Broadly speaking, this concerns how cultural learning is organised within the social group. The upshot is that the evolution of social learning and social norms are intertwined in important and underappreciated ways from early on. The above matters as it informs our views about the evolution of social norms more generally. Truly social norms emerged to coordinate a plurality of complex behaviours and interactions, amongst them specialised social learning. I substantiate this view by contrasting it with Jonathan Birch’s views on the evolution of norms. What results is a general but cohesive narrative on the early evolution of social norms.","PeriodicalId":48832,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Philosophy of Science","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140895739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reconstructions of quantum theory: methodology and the role of axiomatization 量子理论的重构：方法论与公理化的作用

IF 1.5 1区哲学

European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-024-00581-w

Jessica Oddan

{"title":"Reconstructions of quantum theory: methodology and the role of axiomatization","authors":"Jessica Oddan","doi":"10.1007/s13194-024-00581-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-024-00581-w","url":null,"abstract":"Reconstructions of quantum theory are a novel research program in theoretical physics which aims to uncover the unique physical features of quantum theory via axiomatization. I focus on Hardy’s “Quantum Theory from Five Reasonable Axioms” (2001), arguing that reconstructions represent a modern usage of axiomatization with significant points of continuity to von Neumann’s axiomatizations in quantum mechanics. In particular, I show that Hardy and von Neumann share similar methodological ordering, have a common operational framing, and insist on the empirical basis of axioms. In the reconstruction programme, interesting points of discontinuity with historical axiomatizations include the stipulation of a generalized space of theories represented by a framework and the stipulation of analytic machinery at two levels of generality (first by establishing a generalized mathematical framework and then by positing specific formulations of axioms). In light of the reconstruction programme, I show that we should understand axiomatization attempts as being context–dependent, context which is contingent upon the goals of inquiry and the maturity of both mathematical formalism and theoretical underpinnings within the area of inquiry. Drawing on Mitsch (2022)’s account of axiomatization, I conclude that reconstructions should best be understood as provisional, practical, representations of quantum theory that are well suited for theory development and exploration. However, I propose my context–dependent re–framing of axiomatization as a means of enriching Mitsch’s account.","PeriodicalId":48832,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Philosophy of Science","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140820006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Who ought to look towards the horizon? A qualitative study on the collective social responsibility of scientific research 谁应该放眼地平线？关于科学研究的集体社会责任的定性研究

IF 1.5 1区哲学

European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-024-00580-x

Vincenzo Politi

{"title":"Who ought to look towards the horizon? A qualitative study on the collective social responsibility of scientific research","authors":"Vincenzo Politi","doi":"10.1007/s13194-024-00580-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-024-00580-x","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing concern for the proper role of science within democratic societies, which has led to the development of new science policies for the implementation of social responsibility in research. Although the very expression ‘social responsibility of science’ may be interpreted in different ways, many of these emerging policy frameworks define it, at least in part, as a form of anticipative reflection about the potential impacts of research in society. What remains a rather under-discussed issue is the definition of the bearer of the social responsibility of science. In other words, it is not clear who is supposed to engage in such an anticipative reflection, whether individual researchers or research groups. In the past few years, philosophers of science have begun to use qualitative research methods to fill the gaps between normative models of the organisation of ideal scientific communities and the reality of actual scientific practices. In this article, I follow this approach to discuss the issue of the collective dimension of the social responsibility of science. I rely on a qualitative study conducted on an interdisciplinary research group and I describe how group dynamics position individuals and distribute duties and roles, including social responsibility. Qualitative descriptions of the distribution of duties within actual research groups should inform the formulation of general prescriptive theories on the collective responsibility of science.","PeriodicalId":48832,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Philosophy of Science","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140622916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anthropocene, planetary boundaries and tipping points: interdisciplinarity and values in Earth system science 人类世、地球边界和临界点：地球系统科学的跨学科性和价值观

IF 1.5 1区哲学

European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-04-06 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-024-00579-4

Vincent Lam, Yannick Rousselot

{"title":"Anthropocene, planetary boundaries and tipping points: interdisciplinarity and values in Earth system science","authors":"Vincent Lam, Yannick Rousselot","doi":"10.1007/s13194-024-00579-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-024-00579-4","url":null,"abstract":"Earth system science (ESS) and modelling have given rise to a new conceptual framework in the recent decades, which goes much beyond climate science. Indeed, Earth system science and modelling have the ambition “to build a unified understanding of the Earth”, involving not only the physical Earth system components (atmosphere, cryosphere, land, ocean, lithosphere) but also all the relevant human and social processes interacting with them. This unified understanding that ESS aims to achieve raises a number of epistemological issues about interdisciplinarity. We argue that the interdisciplinary relations in ESS between natural and social / human sciences are best characterized in terms of what is called ‘scientific imperialism’ in the literature and we show that this imperialistic feature has some detrimental epistemic and non-epistemic effects, notably when addressing the issue of values in ESS. This paper considers in particular the core ESS concepts of Anthropocene, planetary boundaries and tipping points in the light of the philosophy of science discussions on interdisciplinarity and values. We show that acknowledging the interconnections between interdisciplinarity and values suggests ways for ESS to move forward in view of addressing the climate and environmental challenges.","PeriodicalId":48832,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Philosophy of Science","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140527433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cosmic topology, underdetermination, and spatial infinity 宇宙拓扑学、欠定性和空间无限性

IF 1.5 1区哲学

European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-024-00576-7

Patrick James Ryan

引用次数: 0

Criteria of success for engineering accident investigations: a question-centered account 工程事故调查的成功标准：以问题为中心的阐述

IF 1.5 1区哲学

European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-024-00578-5

{"title":"Criteria of success for engineering accident investigations: a question-centered account","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s13194-024-00578-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-024-00578-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> Engineering accident investigations are systematic inquiries into the facts and causes of engineering accidents. The aims of an engineering accident investigation include identifying significant truths about an accident, learning lessons to prevent similar future accidents, and authoritatively communicating the investigative results to the stakeholders. An important normative dimension along which an engineering accident investigation can be evaluated is its degree of success in fulfilling these aims. In this paper, I propose criteria for evaluating the degree of success of an engineering accident investigation using a question-centered framework, and then argue for the relevance of this proposal to the actual engineering practice. The basic idea of my proposal is that an engineering accident investigation is successful to the extent that (1) questions that should arise in the investigation do arise, and (2) questions that arise—especially the more significant ones—are resolved satisfactorily by the end of the investigation. The first part of this paper unpacks my proposal by analyzing the following three concepts and illustrating them using examples from the TWA Flight 800 accident investigation: The (satisfactory) resolution of questions, the significance of questions, and the arising of questions. The second part of this paper argues for the relevance of my proposal to the practitioners and stakeholders of engineering accident investigations. First, I argue that my proposal is sensitive to the aims of the investigators and stakeholders regarding engineering accident investigations, and that it helps them navigate competing and conflicting aims. Second, I go beyond the TWA 800 case study and argue that my proposal explains the strengths and limitations of different types of accident causation models used in investigations.","PeriodicalId":48832,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Philosophy of Science","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140146124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0