European Journal for Philosophy of Science最新文献_第10页

Efficiency and fairness trade-offs in two player bargaining games 两人讨价还价博弈中的效率与公平权衡

IF 1.5 1区哲学

European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-023-00553-6

David Freeborn

{"title":"Efficiency and fairness trade-offs in two player bargaining games","authors":"David Freeborn","doi":"10.1007/s13194-023-00553-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-023-00553-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent work on the evolution of social contracts and conventions has often used models of bargaining games, with reinforcement learning. A recent innovation is the requirement that every strategy must be invented either through through learning or reinforcement. However, agents frequently get stuck in highly-reinforced “traps” that prevent them from arriving at outcomes that are efficient or fair to the both players. Agents face a trade-off between exploration and exploitation, i.e. between continuing to invent new strategies and reinforcing strategies that have already become highly reinforced by yielding high rewards. In this paper I systematically study the relationship between rates of invention and the efficiency and fairness of outcomes in two-player, repeated bargaining games. I use a basic reinforcement learning model with invention, and five variations of this model, designed introduce various forms of forgetting, to prioritize more recent reinforcement, or to maintain a higher rate of invention. I use computer simulations to investigate the outcomes of each model. Each models shows qualitative similarities in the relationship between the efficiency and fairness of outcomes, and the relative amount of exploration or exploitation that takes place. Surprisingly, there are often trade-offs between the efficiency and the fairness of the outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48832,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Philosophy of Science","volume":"5 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71435168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Three arguments for wave function realism 波函数实在论的三个论点

IF 1.5 1区哲学

European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-023-00554-5

Alyssa Ney

引用次数: 0

Sisyphean science: why value freedom is worth pursuing 西西弗科学：为什么价值自由值得追求

IF 1.5 1区哲学

European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-023-00552-7

Tarun Menon, Jacob Stegenga

引用次数: 0

Respecting boundaries: theoretical equivalence and structure beyond dynamics 尊重边界：理论等价和超越动力学的结构

IF 1.5 1区哲学

European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-023-00545-6

William J. Wolf, James Read

引用次数: 7

How do networks explain? A neo-hempelian approach to network explanations of the ecology of the microbiome 网络如何解释?一个新半球的方法来网络解释的生态微生物组

IF 1.5 1区哲学

European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2023-09-12 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-023-00549-2

José Díez, Javier Suárez

{"title":"How do networks explain? A neo-hempelian approach to network explanations of the ecology of the microbiome","authors":"José Díez, Javier Suárez","doi":"10.1007/s13194-023-00549-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-023-00549-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite the importance of network analysis in biological practice, dominant models of scientific explanation do not account satisfactorily for how this family of explanations gain their explanatory power in every specific application. This insufficiency is particularly salient in the study of the ecology of the microbiome. Drawing on Coyte et al. (2015) study of the ecology of the microbiome, Deulofeu et al. (2021) argue that these explanations are neither mechanistic, nor purely mathematical, yet they are substantially empirical. Building on their criticisms, in the present work we make a step further elucidating this kind of explanations with a general analytical framework according to which scientific explanations are ampliative, specialized embeddings (ASE), which has recently been successfully applied to other biological subfields. We use ASE to reconstruct in detail the Coyte et al.’s case study and on its basis, we claim that network explanations of the ecology of the microbiome, and other similar explanations in ecology, gain their epistemological force in virtue of their capacity to embed biological phenomena in non-accidental generalizations that are simultaneously ampliative and specialized.</p>","PeriodicalId":48832,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Philosophy of Science","volume":"33 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Autonoesis and the Galilean science of memory: Explanation, idealization, and the role of crucial data 自律性和伽利略记忆科学:关键数据的解释、理想化和作用

IF 1.5 1区哲学

European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-023-00548-3

Nikola Andonovski

引用次数: 0

Afactivism about understanding cognition 关于理解认知的激进主义

IF 1.5 1区哲学

European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-023-00544-7

Samuel D. Taylor

引用次数: 0

Classicality and Bell’s theorem 古典主义和贝尔定理

1区哲学

European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-023-00531-y

Márton Gömöri, Carl Hoefer

{"title":"Classicality and Bell’s theorem","authors":"Márton Gömöri, Carl Hoefer","doi":"10.1007/s13194-023-00531-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-023-00531-y","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A widespread view among physicists is that Bell’s theorem rests on an implicit assumption of “classicality,” in addition to locality. According to this understanding, the violation of Bell’s inequalities poses no challenge to locality, but simply reinforces the fact that quantum mechanics is not classical. The paper provides a critical analysis of this view. First we characterize the notion of classicality in probabilistic terms. We argue that classicality thus construed has nothing to do with the validity of classical physics, nor of classical probability theory, contrary to what many believe. At the same time, we show that the probabilistic notion of classicality is not an additional premise of Bell’s theorem, but a mathematical corollary of locality in conjunction with the standard auxiliary assumptions of Bell. Accordingly, any theory that claims to get around the derivation of Bell’s inequalities by giving up classicality, in fact has to give up one of those standard assumptions. As an illustration of this, we look at two recent interpretations of quantum mechanics, Reinhard Werner’s operational quantum mechanics and Robert Griffiths’ consistent histories approach, that are claimed to be local and non-classical, and identify which of the standard assumptions of Bell’s theorem each of them is forced to give up. We claim that while in operational quantum mechanics the Common Cause Principle is violated, the consistent histories approach is conspiratorial. Finally, we relate these two options to the idea of realism, a notion that is also often identified as an implicit assumption of Bell’s theorem.","PeriodicalId":48832,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Philosophy of Science","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135298183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Correction to: Science and policy in extremis: the UK’s initial response to COVID‑19 更正:极端情况下的科学与政策:英国对COVID - 19的初步反应

1区哲学

European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-023-00546-5

Jonathan Birch

引用次数: 0

Minimal model explanations of cognition 认知的最小模型解释

IF 1.5 1区哲学

European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-023-00547-4

Nick Brancazio, Russell L. Meyer

引用次数: 0