BioEnergy Research最新文献

{"title":"Biodiesel Production From Industrial Hemp Oil: Advances in Extraction, Transesterification, and Process Optimization","authors":"Jelena M. Avramović,&nbsp;Jasna Ž. Savić,&nbsp;Ana V. Veličković,&nbsp;Vladimir Š. Sikora,&nbsp;Vesna S. Zlatković,&nbsp;Ivana B. Banković Ilić,&nbsp;Vlada B. Veljković","doi":"10.1007/s12155-026-10989-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-026-10989-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Industrial hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.) is gaining recognition for its versatility, particularly as a source of fiber, seeds, and bioenergy. While the stems are predominantly utilized for fiber production, the residual biomass from processing (e.g., leaves, hurds, and other by-products) can be converted into solid biofuels or further valorized through bioethanol and biogas production. At the same time, industrial hemp oil (IHO) can be converted into biodiesel via transesterification. This review examines seed pretreatment, oil extraction, biodiesel production, and the physicochemical properties of the resulting fuels. Although interest in IHO has increased in recent years, relatively few studies compare advanced extraction approaches with traditional ones in terms of yield or oil quality. Most work on IHO transesterification still relies on base catalysts, whether homogeneous or heterogeneous, whereas newer catalytic strategies remain less explored. Available findings are compared here to highlight variations in oil yield, reaction conditions, and fuel properties among different cultivars. These characteristics depend not only on processing methods but also on cultivar choice, growing conditions, and agricultural practices. Looking ahead, a more integrated use of industrial hemp biomass in biorefinery concepts could help maximize value from oil, seed cake, and other residues. Such approaches align with the Sustainable Development Goals by encouraging resource efficiency and environmental stewardship. Even so, challenges remain, particularly scaling up production, refining processes, and ensuring social responsibility throughout the value chain.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethanol Production From Pretreated Potato Residues By Co-fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis: Harnessing Large Language Models for Process Optimization","authors":"Sinenhlanhla L. Mweli,&nbsp;Isaac A. Sanusi,&nbsp;Lorika S. Beukes,&nbsp;Gueguim E. B. Kana","doi":"10.1007/s12155-026-10981-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-026-10981-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The need for alternative, renewable, and sustainable energy sources, driven by climate change and the detrimental effects of fossil fuel consumption, necessitates innovative solutions. Thus, this study investigates the optimization of ethanol yields from pretreated potato residues, using a co-culture of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> and <i>Pichia stipitis</i>. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was initially used to model the co-fermentation process, examining solid loading (5–20%), inoculation ratio (1—4), and inoculation time (0—18 h) as key factors. Thereafter, the study evaluated the performance of large language model (LLM), GPT4o mini, in generating insightful co-fermentation optimization process data. The RSM model demonstrated a high coefficient of determination (R² = 0.97) and a significant p-value (0.0016). Optimal conditions identified were 12.5 w/v solid loading, an inoculation ratio of 4:1 (4 <i>S. cerevisiae</i>: 1 <i>P. stipitis</i>), and an inoculation time of 0 h, with ethanol yield of 0.544 g/g-utilized sugar. The LLM predicted two different (6 and 12 h) inoculating times that was combined with the same 12.5 w/v solid loading, and the inoculation ratio of 4:1. Experimental RSM validation gave ethanol yields of 0.501 g/g-utilized sugar for the co-culture, 0.485 g/g-utilized sugar for <i>S. cerevisiae</i> mono-fermentation, and 0.076 g/g-utilized sugar for <i>P. stipitis</i> mono-fermentation, indicating a 1.03-fold and 6.59-fold enhancement in ethanol yield in the co-culture system compared to the mono-fermentations, respectively. While the experimental LLM validation showed ethanol yields of 0.504 g/g-utilized sugar and 0.501 g/g-utilized sugar for the 6 h and 12 h respectively. The synergistic effects of <i>S. cerevisiae</i> and <i>P. stipitis</i> in this optimized co-culture system, along with the integration of RSM and LLM approaches, demonstrate the potential of LLM for enhancing co-culture ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass in the nearest future.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12155-026-10981-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alkalinity-Based Control Enhances Methane Production in Two-Stage Anaerobic Digestion of Tequila Vinasses","authors":"Alejandro I. Gutiérrez,&nbsp;Hugo O. Méndez-Acosta,&nbsp;Juan P. García-Sandoval,&nbsp;Raúl Snell-Castro,&nbsp;Cesar Gómez-Hermosillo,&nbsp;Alma Toledo-Cervantes","doi":"10.1007/s12155-026-10985-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-026-10985-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tequila vinasses, an acidic and highly loaded wastewater, pose severe environmental challenges but also represent a promising substrate for sustainable bioenergy recovery. Anaerobic digestion of tequila vinasses has been widely employed for methane-rich biogas production; however, its application for biohythane generation—a mixture of H₂ and CH₄ with enhanced combustion properties and potential as a renewable natural gas substitute—remains largely unexplored. In this study, a two-stage anaerobic digestion system was operated under an alkalinity-based control (ABC) scheme that directly integrates the alkalinity index (α) as a control variable in a cascade structure to mitigate volatile fatty acid (VFAs) fluctuations. By maintaining α below a defined safety threshold, the methanogenic reactor achieved robust and stable performance (0.28 L-CH₄ g-COD_removed⁻¹), even under increasing organic loading conditions. Although moderate hydrogen yields were obtained (0.10 ± 0.03 L-H₂ g-COD_removed⁻¹), CH₄ production governed total energy recovery, highlighting the central role of methanogenic stability in biohythane-oriented systems. The two-stage process reached an overall productivity of 1.90 L-biogas L^− 1 d^− 1, containing 17% H₂ and 49% CH₄ (25.5% and 74.5%, respectively, after CO₂ removal). These findings demonstrate that a simple-to-implement alkalinity-based control strategy can enhance methanogenic robustness, support downstream upgrading feasibility, and provide a scalable pathway toward circular and low-cost bioenergy integration within tequila distilleries.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Torrefaction and Densification of Biomass to Produce Biofuel Pellets and Briquettes: A Review","authors":"Marcos Paulo Patta Granado,&nbsp;Andrea Cressoni De Conti,&nbsp;Sonil Nanda","doi":"10.1007/s12155-026-10980-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-026-10980-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The escalating demand for sustainable energy and the urgent need to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions have brought increased attention to the valorization of residual biomass through thermal pretreatment and densification technologies. Residual biomass is a widely available, underutilized resource for renewable energy production. To improve its energy performance and overcome logistical and combustion challenges, thermal pretreatment via torrefaction, combined with densification into pellets or briquettes, has emerged as a promising pathway. This article reviews the integration of torrefaction and densification processes, with a particular focus on the potential of co-processing diverse biomass residues to produce high-quality solid biofuels. The challenges associated with densifying torrefied material, including reduced binding capacity and increased energy consumption, and how co-processing with blended biomass can mitigate these issues, are also elaborated. The interrelated effects of process parameters, including pressure, temperature, moisture content, and binder type, on the quality of biomass pellets and briquettes are also highlighted. The perspectives presented in this article suggest that co-densification technologies could yield new insights into the production of solid biofuels from blended heterogeneous feedstocks, thereby reducing carbon emissions and addressing concerns related to waste management and energy security.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Methane Production and Microbial Community Dynamics in One and Two-Stage Semi-continuous Anaerobic Systems Treating Orange Peel Waste and Crude Glycerol","authors":"Maria Teresa de Jesus Camelo Guedes,&nbsp;Marcos Henrique Gomes Ribeiro,&nbsp;Vinícius Duarte Soroka,&nbsp;Karen Karine da Rosa Dias,&nbsp;Jeverson Frazzon,&nbsp;Maria Cristina de Almeida Silva","doi":"10.1007/s12155-026-10977-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-026-10977-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Agro-industrial wastes such as orange peel waste (OPW) and crude glycerol (CG) can be used in anaerobic digestion (AD) to mitigate environmental impacts while generating methane as a renewable biofuel. Brazil produces significant amounts of these residues, highlighting the need for sustainable management strategies. This study evaluated the performance of single and two-stage anaerobic systems in the co-digestion of OPW and CG under mesophilic conditions (35–37 °C) for 60 days, with increasing organic loading rate (OLR). The two-stage system achieved higher cumulative methane yields (2703 NmL CH₄/gVS) compared to the single-stage system (2012 NmL CH₄/gVS). However, in the two-stage configuration, the acidogenic stage was associated with a pronounced accumulation of VFAs in the methanogenic reactor (SCM2), reaching concentrations up to 60,000 mg/L, which negatively affected methane production, despite the absence of detectable D-limonene inhibition. Additionally, increasing the OLR by 20% and the daily addition of alkalizing agents to control pH were detrimental to methane generation. Microbial analysis revealed the predominance of hydrolytic and acidogenic genera after day 29, such as <i>Enterobacter</i> (16% in SCM1 and 3% in SCM2), <i>Proteiniphilum</i> (35% in SCM1 and 27% in SCM2), and <i>Fermentimonas</i> (48% in SCM2 on day 60), indicating an incomplete methanogenic phase. Overall, the results suggest that, under the evaluated conditions, the inclusion of an acidogenic stage upstream of methanogenesis did not result in a clear enhancement of methane production.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12155-026-10977-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized Cultivation of Chlorolobion braunii in Desalination Waste Streams for Bioremediation and Biodiesel Production","authors":"Ravena Maria de Almeida Medeiros,&nbsp;Jadson dos Santos França,&nbsp;Bianca Bomfim Andrade,&nbsp;Ingrid Rocha Teixeira,&nbsp;Denilson de Jesus Assis,&nbsp;Jânia Betânia Alves da Silva,&nbsp;Carolina Oliveira de Souza,&nbsp;Lucas Guimarães Cardoso","doi":"10.1007/s12155-026-10983-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-026-10983-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The valorization of saline concentrate and brackish water is a key strategy for the sustainable management of water resources, particularly in semi-arid regions. Cultivating microalgae in these effluents mitigates environmental impacts and enables high-value biomass production, offering potential for the generation of bioproducts and added benefits for regional agricultural systems. This study aimed to optimize biomass production and characterize the microalga <i>Chlorolobion braunii</i> using a combination of brackish water and saline concentrate. It used urea as the nitrogen source, without pre-treatment or the addition of synthetic medium, which are strategies not previously reported. Additionally, the potential of this biomass for biodiesel production was evaluated. The experiments were conducted in Erlenmeyer-type bioreactors (1 L), and the best biomass production condition was determined using a Central Composite Design (CCD) with the following factors: volume of saline concentrate in brackish water (0–100%) and urea concentration (0.00–0.08 gL⁻¹). The best treatment was the experiment with 50% brackish water and 50% saline concentrate, yielding 0.556 g·L⁻¹ of biomass. This biomass had high contents of carbohydrates (21.14%) and lipids (29.40%), while achieving bioremediation of 86.25% nitrates (NO₃⁻), 79.17% phosphate (PO₄³⁻), and a 23.18% reduction in salinity. The biomass exhibited a high content of fatty acids, with 24.94% C16:0 (palmitic) and 38.44% C18:1n9c (oleic), producing biodiesel that meets American (ASTM D6751) and Brazilian (ANP) standards, particularly with respect to quality parameters such as cetane number, iodine value, and cold filter plugging point. This study optimized the biomass production of the microalga <i>Chlorolobion braunii</i>. It demonstrated the feasibility of using a combination of brackish water and saline concentrate without pre-treatment or synthetic medium, resulting in high biomass productivity and elevated biomolecule levels that can serve as substrates for high-value bioproduct generation. This approach provides a dual solution for waste management and renewable energy production.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12155-026-10983-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of Water Hyacinth Biomass: Comprehensive Characterization and Production and Application of Activated Carbons","authors":"Ana Lourenço,&nbsp;Tiago Gomes,&nbsp;Maria Bernardo,&nbsp;Inês Matos,&nbsp;Nuno Lapa,&nbsp;Jorge Gominho","doi":"10.1007/s12155-026-10967-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-026-10967-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study explored a potential route for valorizing the entire biomass from water hyacinth. Initially, the biomass underwent complete characterization, revealing high contents of ash (35%), extractives (25%), and monosaccharides (41%), with glucose being predominant (21%). Lignin content was low (19%), with a monomeric composition rich in G- and H-units (3.6% and 3.4%, respectively). The biomass exhibited a low calorific value (11 MJ/kg) and high oxygen content (62%), contrasted with low carbon values (31%) and high H/C (14.9) and O/C (1.9) ratios. Subsequently, biochar production was conducted at two temperatures (500 and 800 °C), where a high yield was obtained at 500 °C (44%). Three types of activated carbon were produced using different activation processes: physical activation with CO₂ and chemical activation with K₂CO₃ and H₃PO₄. CO₂ activation yielded 34% but made almost no carbon or porosity (ABET = 9.4 m²/g). K₂CO₃ activation produced carbons with a low yield (21%) but a very high surface area (862 m²/g), featuring micropores and mesopores. In contrast, H₃PO₄ activation yielded 74%, resulting in primarily mesoporous material with minimal microporosity. The activated carbon produced with K₂CO₃ demonstrated high removal efficiency for all the tested pharmaceutical compounds.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12155-026-10967-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147441355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solvothermal Liquefaction of Sargassum: Optimization via Response Surface Methodology","authors":"Katerin Julieth Páez Moreno,&nbsp;Loubna Hadhoum,&nbsp;Morgane Briand,&nbsp;Khaled Loubar","doi":"10.1007/s12155-026-10974-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-026-10974-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Invasive <i>Sargassum fluitans</i> and <i>Sargassum natans</i> accumulate along the coasts of Martinique, causing ecological, health, and economic challenges. Efficient valorization of this biomass is therefore required. This study investigates the potential of solvothermal liquefaction for energy recovery from these <i>Sargassum</i> species through bio-oil production. Experiments were conducted in a batch autoclave reactor using a 50:50 (v/v) water-ethanol co-solvent system under autogenous pressure (43–160 bar at reaction temperature). A Central Composite Design was applied to evaluate the effects of reaction time (15–45 min), reaction temperature (260–300 °C), and solvent-to-biomass ratio (4:1–9:1) on product yields and to determine the optimal operating conditions for maximizing bio-oil yield. The results showed that the solvent-to-biomass ratio was the most influential parameter, followed by reaction temperature, while reaction time had a negligible effect. The experimental data were in good agreement with model predictions (R² = 0.8738), confirming the reliability of the model. A maximum bio-oil yield of 44.62 wt% was achieved at 295 °C, 19 min, and a solvent-to-biomass ratio of 9:1. The higher heating value of the resulting bio-oil (6.55 MJ/kg) was lower than that of the raw biomass (9.33 MJ/kg), likely due to the high ash and oxygen contents. GC-MS and FTIR analyses revealed that the bio-oil mainly consisted of esters, alcohols, hydrocarbons, and ketones. In addition, the distribution of inorganic elements and the physicochemical properties of both bio-oil and solid residues were characterized, providing insights into their potential applications. These findings provide a basis for further development of integrated valorization strategies for <i>Sargassum</i> and its solvothermal liquefaction-derived products.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147441167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of “Montado” Waste as Feedstock for Thermal Gasification","authors":"Nadezhda Krop,&nbsp;Luís Carmo-Calado,&nbsp;José Copa Rey,&nbsp;Cecilia Mateos-Pedrero,&nbsp;Bruna Rijo,&nbsp;Andrei Longo,&nbsp;Paulo Brito,&nbsp;Catarina Nobre","doi":"10.1007/s12155-026-10975-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-026-10975-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the feasibility of utilizing acorn wastes from <i>Montado</i> systems in the Alentejo region of southern Portugal as a sustainable feedstock for bioenergy production through thermal gasification. Approximately 45% of the annual acorn harvest remains unused, representing a locally available biomass resource with significant valorization potential. Acorn waste was characterized by proximate, ultimate, and calorimetric analyses, revealing moisture and volatile matter contents within ranges suitable for gasification. The relatively high ash content indicates potential challenges for fuel quality and process performance. Gasification experiments were carried out in a fixed-bed downdraft reactor at temperatures between 600 and 700 °C using air as the gasifying agent. The produced syngas consisted mainly of N₂, H₂, CO, CO₂, and CH₄, with methane concentrations remaining relatively stable across the tested temperatures (3.1–4.0 vol%). Increasing the gasification temperature reduced tar and char formation and improved cold gas efficiency, reaching a maximum of 68.5% at 700 °C, with a syngas lower heating value of up to 5.7 MJ/Nm³. Based on the experimental results, a techno-economic assessment was conducted for a decentralized gasification system with a nominal thermal capacity of 1.0 MWth operating 8,000 h per year. The system requires approximately 244 kg/h of acorn waste and achieves an overall electrical efficiency of 24.0%, converting 80.5% of the input energy into useful outputs. The economic analysis indicates project feasibility, with a positive net present value (0.47 M€), an internal rate of return of 12.1%, a levelized cost of electricity of 0.10 €/kWh, and a payback period of 14.2 years. These results demonstrate that acorn waste from <i>Montado</i> management can support decentralized bioenergy production, contributing to circular economy strategies and renewable energy targets.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12155-026-10975-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147441168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Bio-Oil Yield in Co-Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass and Waste Plastics Using CNN and AdaBoost: A Machine Learning and SHAP Analysis Approach","authors":"Ahmad Adel Abu-Shareha,&nbsp;Raed Alfilh,&nbsp;Tariq Abdulkader Alrihaim,&nbsp;Raghavendra Rao,&nbsp;Abinash Mahapatro,&nbsp;Karthikeyan A.,&nbsp;Harjot Singh Gill,&nbsp;Yashwant Singh Bisht,&nbsp;Siya Singla,&nbsp;Fatimah Pashtun","doi":"10.1007/s12155-026-10982-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12155-026-10982-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The nonlinear synergistic interactions between biomass and plastics during co-pyrolysis make accurate prediction of bio-oil yield a significant challenge for process optimization. This study aimed to develop a high-fidelity machine learning framework capable of forecasting liquid yield based on complex physicochemical and operational variables. A comprehensive dataset of 192 experimental records was curated to train and validate eight distinct regression algorithms, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), AdaBoost, and Support Vector Regression, using a rigorous 5-fold cross-validation protocol. Performance benchmarking identified CNN and AdaBoost as the superior models, achieving a test coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.982 and demonstrating exceptional generalization on unseen data. To transcend “black-box” limitations, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis was applied, identifying the plastic-to-biomass blending ratio and feedstock elemental oxygen content as the dominant predictors of yield. The results quantitatively confirm that optimizing the feedstock blend ratio is the primary lever for maximizing liquid recovery, surpassing the influence of residence time. This study provides a validated, interpretable computational tool that allows operators to estimate co-pyrolysis performance and design optimal feedstock mixtures without extensive trial-and-error experimentation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":487,"journal":{"name":"BioEnergy Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147441001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}