Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science最新文献

{"title":"Relationship between bone quality and shrinkage in maxillary sinus augmentation using synthetic alloplast versus xenograft.","authors":"Rachad Kudsi, Dolphus R Dawson, Octavio A Gonzalez, Ahmad Kutkut, Michelle A Tucci, Rosario Porras-Aguilar, Ana Espinosa Momox, Mohanad Al-Sabbagh","doi":"10.5051/jpis.2401320066","DOIUrl":"10.5051/jpis.2401320066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This clinical study evaluated differences in bone quality within the maxillary sinus when either alloplast or xenograft material was applied.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty participants requiring lateral sinus approach augmentation for delayed implant placement were divided into 2 groups. The first group received a silica-calcium phosphate composite (SCPC) alloplast, while the second received a bovine bone xenograft (Bio-Oss). Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to measure changes in bone height and area immediately after surgery and 5 months after augmentation. Picrosirius red staining of bone biopsies, obtained during implant placement, was analyzed under polarized microscopy. A MATLAB algorithm was used for analysis following image acquisition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CBCT measurements revealed a statistically significant reduction in linear bone height among xenograft recipients (<i>P</i>≤0.001). This finding indicated greater resorption compared to the alloplast group, which exhibited no significant difference in bone height at 5 months following sinus augmentation. Furthermore, 40% of xenograft recipients displayed an absence of mineralized tissue formation, indicating a limited osteoconductive effect compared to the alloplast group, in which mineralized bone tissue was present in all samples. Polarized light microscopy and color intensity measurements of picrosirius red-stained bone biopsies revealed a significantly higher ratio of mineralized collagen I to collagen III in the newly formed bone for alloplast compared to xenograft recipients. Trichrome staining demonstrated collagen I mineralization with the presence of osteoblasts and osteocytes, indicating new bone formation. The newly formed bone in the alloplast group exhibited markers of maturation, including the formation of reversal lines, Haversian systems, and blood vessels. Resorption of the SCPC alloplast-grafted granules was also observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The increased formation and maturation of new bone appear responsible for the preservation of bone height in alloplast group recipients.</p>","PeriodicalId":48795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science","volume":" ","pages":"306-320"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12411137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consensus statement on peri-implant disease from the Korean Academy of Periodontology.","authors":"Young Woo Song, Yun-Jeong Kim, Shin-Young Park, Jae-Kook Cha, Hyo-Jung Lee, Seung-Min Yang, Jun-Beom Park, Ki-Tae Koo","doi":"10.5051/jpis.2501920096","DOIUrl":"10.5051/jpis.2501920096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This consensus report presents the first official position statement of the Korean Academy of Periodontology on peri-implant diseases, issued in response to South Korea's rapidly aging population and the associated rise in peri-implant disease management. It reviews the prevalence, classification, and definition of peri-implant diseases, emphasizing that these conditions progress more aggressively and unpredictably than periodontal diseases. The report also identifies systemic and local risk indicators, diagnostic criteria, and evidence-based treatment protocols for peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, integrating international standards with Korea-specific clinical data. Clinical recommendations include structured maintenance programs, risk-based recall intervals, and patient education, with the goal of reducing disease recurrence and improving long-term implant success.</p>","PeriodicalId":48795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science","volume":"55 4","pages":"247-254"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12411136/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144975307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability of partial-mouth periodontal examinations for diagnosing periodontal disease.","authors":"Bohee Kang, Jae Suk Jung, Sunjin Kim, Geum Hee Choi, Heelim Lee, Bumhee Park, Hyelynn Jeon, Suk Ji","doi":"10.5051/jpis.2403400170","DOIUrl":"10.5051/jpis.2403400170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated the reliability of partial-mouth periodontal examinations (PMPEs) for 1) identifying the presence of periodontitis, 2) staging periodontal disease, and 3) reflecting mean clinical parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All patients were diagnosed using 8 different exam types: (A) full-mouth periodontal examination (FMPE), (B) Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) codes, (C) panoramic radiographs only, (D) clinical parameters only, (E) 6 teeth, including the first molar (#11, #16, #26, #31, #36, #46), (F) CPITN index teeth (#11, #16, #17, #26, #27, #31, #36, #37, #46, #47), (G) Ramfjord teeth (#16, #21, #24, #36, #41, #44), and (H) 10 modified Ramfjord teeth, including all first premolars and first molars (#16, #14, #21, #24, #26, #36, #34, #41, #44, #46). Case definitions were established according to the criteria outlined in the 2018 American Academy of Periodontology/European Federation of Periodontology classification of periodontal diseases. The accuracy of diagnosis and diagnostic performance were assessed using the kappa coefficient and area under the curve (AUC)/receiver operating characteristic analyses, respectively. To compare the mean clinical parameters, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated between 4 types of PMPEs (E, F, G, H) and FMPE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 218 subjects (130 female, 88 male) were included in this study. Exam type F achieved perfect agreement (kappa coefficient: 1.0) in identifying the presence of periodontitis, and it showed almost perfect agreement in staging periodontal disease (0.85≤ kappa ≤0.98) except for the healthy category, with AUCs ≥0.97. Exam type H demonstrated the highest correlations of all mean clinical parameters with FMPE (ICCs ≥0.96).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PMPEs using the CPITN index teeth can be an excellent alternative for diagnosing periodontitis and staging its severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":48795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science","volume":" ","pages":"273-284"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12411133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conditioned medium from cultured cementoblasts upregulates amelotin gene expression via the SOCS3 signaling pathway.","authors":"Yohei Nakayama, Kazuma Igarashi, Zhenyu Jin, Arisa Yamaguchi, Bernhard Ganss, Yorimasa Ogata","doi":"10.5051/jpis.2403080154","DOIUrl":"10.5051/jpis.2403080154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The junctional epithelium (JE) covers the cervical areas of developing or existing teeth. It can re-establish itself even after being removed during periodontal therapies, followed by wound healing. However, the mechanisms that can maintain this universally conserved structure are still unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The molecular mechanisms of JE homeostasis were investigated by altering levels of JE-specific genes in a telomerase immortalized human gingival epithelial cell line (TIGKs) by exposing TIGKs to conditioned medium (C-CM) from cultivated human cementoblasts. The mRNA and protein levels of JE-associated genes in TIGKs were examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunocytochemistry (ICC) after treatment with C-CM. The candidate pathways related to differential mRNA and protein expression were analyzed with a DNA microarray and identified using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and WikiPathways. Real-time PCR and ICC were conducted to confirm the changes in the expressions of candidate genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>mRNA levels and protein expressions of amelotin (<i>Amtn</i>) were upregulated after treatment with C-CM for 48 hours. DNA microarray analyses identified 595 genes that were upregulated >2-fold, and 820 genes that were downregulated >2-fold. C-CM promoted the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 and reduced the expression of an inactivator of Janus kinase 2. Both signaling molecules were found, using siRNA technology, to mediate the increase of <i>Amtn</i> mRNA and protein expression levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The upregulation of <i>Amtn</i> in gingival epithelial cells by C-CM suggests that this regulatory pathway is associated with the homeostasis of JE structures by the cementum.</p>","PeriodicalId":48795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science","volume":" ","pages":"255-272"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12411138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of flap tension with flap design and graft volume in soft tissue augmentation: a cadaveric study in pigs.","authors":"Miha Pirc, Leonardo Mancini, Nicolas Müller, Hyun-Chang Lim, Ronald E Jung, Daniel S Thoma, Stefan P Bienz","doi":"10.5051/jpis.2402540127","DOIUrl":"10.5051/jpis.2402540127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study was performed to evaluate the effects of flap design, grafting material, and graft dimension on flap tension and the initial volume increase achieved in soft tissue augmentation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six fresh porcine jaw cadavers were used in this study. Each side of the jaw was randomly assigned to receive either a standard split-thickness flap or a split-thickness flap with a palatal island. Following flap preparation, random allocation was employed to determine the order of 4 treatment modalities: 3 mm of a volume-stable collagen matrix (VCMX), 6 mm VCMX, 3 mm of a subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG), and 6 mm SCTG. Flap tension was measured and the wound was closed after the insertion of each specimen. Intraoral scans were taken before flap preparation and after closure to facilitate profilometric analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The palatal island flap exhibited significantly greater overall (<i>P</i>=0.010) and crestal (<i>P</i>=0.007) volume gains compared to the split-thickness flap, regardless of the use of VCMX or SCTG. The palatal island flap was associated with significantly lower flap tension force values (0.6 N; <i>P</i>=0.035) than the split-thickness flap. Both materials (VCMX and SCTG) demonstrated comparable volume gains.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this cadaveric study indicate that the use of a palatal island flap effectively reduces flap tension. While both materials (VCMX and SCTG) yielded similar increases in volume, the palatal island flap demonstrated greater volume gains than the split-thickness flap for each grafting material.</p>","PeriodicalId":48795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science","volume":" ","pages":"285-294"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12411139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the gap: the essential collaboration between orthodontists and periodontists.","authors":"Kee-Joon Lee","doi":"10.5051/jpis.255504edi01","DOIUrl":"10.5051/jpis.255504edi01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science","volume":"55 4","pages":"245-246"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12411135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144975278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between oral health and handgrip strength: a systematic review.","authors":"Gargi Sarode, Aishwarya Joshi, Shruti Singh, Namrata Sengupta, Rahul Anand, Vini Mehta, Sachin Sarode","doi":"10.5051/jpis.2303560178","DOIUrl":"10.5051/jpis.2303560178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>It is well-established that muscle mass strength is a key factor in healthy physical functioning and is necessary for an active lifestyle. Handgrip strength (HGS) is the most convenient and cost-effective method for evaluating overall muscle strength in the body. Various studies have investigated the direct impact of inflammatory oral diseases on HGS, but with conflicting results. This systematic review investigated previous study data and analysed the causal factors in oral disease that affect HGS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for articles using relevant keywords. Based on the inclusion criteria, 8 cross-sectional studies were selected, and the extracted data was interpreted and analysed systematically. Quality assessment was done using the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although 4 studies were shown to have used good quality assessment tools, heterogeneity in the methodology and data analysis prevented us from conducting a meta-analysis. Most of the studies were conducted between 2020 to 2022 and 7 were from Asian countries. The findings of these studies indicated a positive correlation between good oral health and strong HGS. Poor oral habits and oral conditions such as periodontitis and tooth loss inversely affected HGS, as did intrinsic factors like age and sex.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Limited global studies and heterogeneous study data emerged as the major shortcomings in our systematic study review and precluded meta-analysis. Therefore, further studies are needed with standard methodologies and outcome measures as well as good global representation.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42023441854.</p>","PeriodicalId":48795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science","volume":" ","pages":"169-179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12230423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of susceptibility modules and genes for peri-implantitis compared to periodontitis within the same host environment using weighted gene co-expression network analysis.","authors":"Ju-Young Lee, Yeongjoo Kim, Jung-Min Oh, Yun Hak Kim, Hyun-Joo Kim","doi":"10.5051/jpis.2401500075","DOIUrl":"10.5051/jpis.2401500075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to identify new susceptibility modules and genes by analyzing the transcriptional profiles of peri-implantitis and periodontitis within the same host environment, using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Gingival tissue samples were collected from 10 patients, each presenting with both periodontitis and peri-implantitis sites, and were used for RNA sequencing. We conducted WGCNA to identify key modules that showed distinct transcriptional expression profiles between periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Gene Ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were carried out using R software. Genes with an adjusted <i>P</i> value greater than 0.05 were excluded from gene selection using the Pearson correlation method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2,226 regulated genes were identified, and those with similar expression patterns were grouped into 5 color-coded functional modules using WGCNA. Among these, 3 modules showed distinct differences in expression profiles between peri-implantitis and periodontitis. The turquoise and yellow modules were associated with upregulation in peri-implantitis, while the blue module was linked to periodontitis. This finding suggests that peri-implantitis and periodontitis have significantly different transcriptional signatures. Over-representation analysis was conducted to explore the component genes of the established modules. The top-ranked genes, selected based on their network connectivity within the modules, were identified using DESeq2 and were considered hub genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>WGCNA revealed distinct modular gene patterns in peri-implantitis and periodontitis, highlighting transcriptional differences between the 2 conditions. Notably, we identified 10 key genes from each of the 3 modules-the blue module associated with periodontitis-dominant pathways, and the turquoise and yellow modules associated with peri-implantitis-dominant pathways. The hub genes and pathways unveiled in this research are likely key contributors to the progression of peri-implantitis and warrant further exploration as promising candidates.</p>","PeriodicalId":48795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science","volume":" ","pages":"217-231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12230419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polynucleotide with cross-linked hyaluronic acid reduces inflammation and increases collagen synthesis.","authors":"Hee-Seung Han, Hye-Rim Shin, Sungtae Kim, Young-Dan Cho","doi":"10.5051/jpis.2402520126","DOIUrl":"10.5051/jpis.2402520126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Gingival fibroblasts are a major cellular component of the connective tissue and play a crucial role in wound healing and tissue regeneration through collagen synthesis. This study aimed to assess the effect of polynucleotide (PN) combined with cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) on the proliferation, differentiation, and anti-inflammatory responses of human gingival fibroblasts-1 (HGF-1).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this <i>in vitro</i> experimental study, HGF-1 cells were cultured with PN/HA, PN, HA, and enamel matrix derivative (EMD). Cell proliferation and migration were assessed at 24 hours and 48 hours, respectively. Long-term cultures were evaluated for collagen and proteoglycan deposition using sirius red and alcian blue staining. Levels of phospho-nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65, collagen type I (Col 1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured using Western blot analysis or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All experimental groups exhibited increased cellular proliferation and migration compared to the control group. Similar to EMD, PN/HA promoted the synthesis of Col 1 and proteoglycans. At concentrations of 2.5 mg/mL for PN and HA, and 1.0 mg/mL for PN/HA, significant anti-inflammatory effects were observed. These effects included reductions in phospho-NF-κB p65 levels and IL-6 production when exposed to lipopolysaccharides from <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>. EMD, however, did not demonstrate these anti-inflammatory effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Within the limitations of this study, we concluded that PN/HA improves gingival tissue healing by promoting cell proliferation and migration, facilitating rapid collagen deposition, and exerting anti-inflammatory effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":48795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science","volume":" ","pages":"206-216"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12230418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of the menstrual cycle on inflammatory markers: the cytokines Il-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the gingival crevicular fluid.","authors":"Jules Julien Ndjoh, Metogo Ntsama Junie Annick, Campbell Ngoumusi Etone, Zilefac Brian Ngokwe, Sandra Lydie Akena Ndeng, Réné Ngoulma, Lawrence Essama Eno Belinga, Vicky Ama Moor","doi":"10.5051/jpis.2400820041","DOIUrl":"10.5051/jpis.2400820041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Hormonal fluctuations, primarily in progesterone and estrogen during the menstrual cycle, may influence periodontal tissues, with inflammatory cytokines playing a crucial role. Therefore, our primary objective was to assess clinical periodontal parameters and measure levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) throughout the menstrual cycle.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This longitudinal prospective study was conducted from February to April 2022 and included 50 participants. We assessed clinical periodontal parameters-plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and tooth mobility-at three stages of the menstrual cycle: menstruation day, ovulation day, and premenstrual day. Additionally, GCF samples were collected using paper points. These samples were then stored and analyzed for levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 25 participants in our study. The GI, PD, and CAL increased significantly during the menstrual cycle and were significantly higher during the premenstrual phase than in the ovulation phase (<i>P</i><0.05). The levels of GCF IL-1β (<i>P</i>=0.012), IL-6 (<i>P</i>=0.002), and TNF-α (<i>P</i>=0.015) showed statistically significant throughout the menstrual cycle compared to baseline which was the menstrual (follicular) phase. Furthermore, the GCF levels of IL-1β and IL-6 reached their peak during the luteal or premenstrual phase, whereas TNF-α peaked during the ovulation phase. The increase in biological markers was more pronounced between the menstruation phases than the clinical periodontal markers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All clinical periodontal parameters, except for the PI, showed a slight increase from the follicular phase to the luteal phase, with significant differences observed between each phase. The levels of GCF IL-1β (<i>P</i>=0.012), IL-6 (<i>P</i>=0.002), and TNF-α (<i>P</i>=0.015) were statistically significant, with increases in IL-1β and IL-6 throughout the menstrual cycle, peaking in the luteal phase. This demonstrates the influence of the menstrual cycle on clinical periodontal and GCF inflammatory markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":48795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science","volume":"55 3","pages":"180-190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12230422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}