Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science最新文献

{"title":"Korean initiatives for noncommunicable and periodontal diseases.","authors":"Su Yeon Kim, Chang-Joo Lee, Nam Yoon Kim, Seung-Min Yang","doi":"10.5051/jpis.225206edi01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.225206edi01","url":null,"abstract":"chronic diseases are incurring a substantial socioeconomic burden. In Korea, as of 2020, the medical expenses for patients with diabetes and hypertension were 2.51 and 3.35 billion dollars, respectively, and the death rate due to those diseases was also on the rise compared to the previous year. For periodontal disease, which shares common risk factors with noncommunicable diseases, the prevalence in 2018 was 30.6%, and 1 out of 3 economically active members of the population suffered from periodontal disease. Data from the National Health Insurance Service showed that the rate of increase in the number of patients and treatment costs for periodontal disease was about 4 times higher than the increase in the number of patients and treatment costs for other chronic diseases. However, the general oral examination rate is only 26%, and this rate tends to decrease significantly with age. To address this problem, the Korean Dental Association (KDA) presented policy proposals to the government, such as the introduction of panoramic radiography during medical checkups at a life-transition period.","PeriodicalId":48795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/96/12/jpis-52-435.PMC9807849.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10545079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dental-derived cells for regenerative medicine: stem cells, cell reprogramming, and transdifferentiation.","authors":"Young-Dan Cho,&nbsp;Kyoung-Hwa Kim,&nbsp;Yong-Moo Lee,&nbsp;Young Ku,&nbsp;Yang-Jo Seol","doi":"10.5051/jpis.2103760188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2103760188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Embryonic stem cells have been a popular research topic in regenerative medicine owing to their pluripotency and applicability. However, due to the difficulty in harvesting them and their low yield efficiency, advanced cell reprogramming technology has been introduced as an alternative. Dental stem cells have entered the spotlight due to their regenerative potential and their ability to be obtained from biological waste generated after dental treatment. Cell reprogramming, a process of reverting mature somatic cells into stem cells, and transdifferentiation, a direct conversion between different cell types without induction of a pluripotent state, have helped overcome the shortcomings of stem cells and raised interest in their regenerative potential. Furthermore, the potential of these cells to return to their original cell types due to their epigenetic memory has reinforced the need to control the epigenetic background for successful management of cellular differentiation. Herein, we discuss all available sources of dental stem cells, the procedures used to obtain these cells, and their ability to differentiate into the desired cells. We also introduce the concepts of cell reprogramming and transdifferentiation in terms of genetics and epigenetics, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA. Finally, we discuss a novel therapeutic avenue for using dental-derived cells as stem cells, and explain cell reprogramming and transdifferentiation, which are used in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":48795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/93/0f/jpis-52-437.PMC9807848.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10838075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of health screening data for factors associated with peri-implant bone loss.","authors":"Hyunjong Yoo,&nbsp;Jun-Beom Park,&nbsp;Youngkyung Ko","doi":"10.5051/jpis.2203620181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2203620181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Systemic health has a profound effect on dental treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate peri-implant bone loss and health screening data to discover factors that may influence peri-implant diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study analyzed the panoramic X-rays of patients undergoing health screenings at the Health Promotion Center at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital in 2018, to investigate the relationship between laboratory test results and dental data. The patients' physical data, such as height, weight, blood pressure, hematological and urine analysis data, smoking habits, number of remaining teeth, alveolar bone level, number of implants, and degree of bone loss around the implant, were analyzed for correlations. Their associations with glycated hemoglobin, glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and severity of periodontitis were evaluated using univariate and multivariate regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 2,264 patients opted in for dental health examinations, of whom 752 (33.2%) had undergone dental implant treatment. These 752 patients had a total of 2,658 implants, and 129 (17.1%) had 1 or more implants with peri-implant bone loss of 2 mm or more. The number of these implants was 204 (7%). Body mass index and smoking were not correlated with peri-implant bone loss. Stepwise multivariate regression analysis revealed that the severity of periodontal bone loss (moderate bone loss: odds ratio [OR], 3.154; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.175-8.475 and severe bone loss: OR, 7.751; 95% CI, 3.003-20) and BUN (OR, 1.082; 95% CI, 1.027-1.141) showed statistically significant predictive value. The severity of periodontitis showed greater predictive value than the biochemical parameters of blood glucose, renal function, and liver function.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this study showed that periodontal bone loss was a predictor of peri-implant bone loss, suggesting that periodontal disease should be controlled before dental treatment. Diligent maintenance care is recommended for patients with moderate to severe periodontal bone loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":48795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cd/22/jpis-52-509.PMC9807850.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10545080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the oral microbial composition between healthy individuals and periodontitis patients in different oral sampling sites using 16S metagenome profiling.","authors":"Yeon-Tae Kim,&nbsp;Jinuk Jeong,&nbsp;Seyoung Mun,&nbsp;Kyeongeui Yun,&nbsp;Kyudong Han,&nbsp;Seong-Nyum Jeong","doi":"10.5051/jpis.2200680034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2200680034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to compare the microbial composition of 3 types of oral samples through 16S metagenomic sequencing to determine how to resolve some sampling issues that occur during the collection of sub-gingival plaque samples.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 20 subjects were recruited. In both the healthy and periodontitis groups, samples of saliva and supra-gingival plaque were collected. Additionally, in the periodontitis group, sub-gingival plaque samples were collected from the deepest periodontal pocket. After DNA extraction from each sample, polymerase chain reaction amplification was performed on the V3-V4 hypervariable region on the 16S rRNA gene, followed by metagenomic sequencing and a bioinformatics analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When comparing the healthy and periodontitis groups in terms of alpha-diversity, the saliva samples demonstrated much more substantial differences in bacterial diversity than the supra-gingival plaque samples. Moreover, in a comparison between the samples in the case group, the diversity score of the saliva samples was higher than that of the supra-gingival plaque samples, and it was similar to that of the sub-gingival plaque samples. In the beta-diversity analysis, the sub-gingival plaque samples exhibited a clustering pattern similar to that of the periodontitis group. Bacterial relative abundance analysis at the species level indicated lower relative frequencies of bacteria in the healthy group than in the periodontitis group. A statistically significant difference in frequency was observed in the saliva samples for specific pathogenic species (<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>, <i>Treponema denticola</i>, and <i>Prevotella intermedia</i>). The saliva samples exhibited a similar relative richness of bacterial communities to that of sub-gingival plaque samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this 16S oral microbiome study, we confirmed that saliva samples had a microbial composition that was more similar to that of sub-gingival plaque samples than to that of supra-gingival plaque samples within the periodontitis group.</p>","PeriodicalId":48795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/72/89/jpis-52-394.PMC9614179.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40652248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of regeneration after the application of 2 types of deproteinized bovine bone mineral to alveolar bone defects in adult dogs.","authors":"Dajung Lee,&nbsp;Yoonsub Lee,&nbsp;Sungtae Kim,&nbsp;Jung-Tae Lee,&nbsp;Jin-Soo Ahn","doi":"10.5051/jpis.2106080304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2106080304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the preclinical results of 2 types of commercially available deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) when applied to alveolar bone defects in dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted using 6 beagles. Alveolar defects in the mandible were formed and filled with 2 DBBMs produced by a similar procedure. Defects were randomly assigned to be filled using DBBM 1 or 2. All defects were covered with a collagen membrane and had a healing period of 12 weeks. After the dogs were sacrificed, histological, histomorphometric, and linear/volumetric analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both DBBM groups showed similar histological findings, demonstrating that bone remodeling had occurred and new bone had formed. The residual bone particles were surrounded by newly formed vital bone. In the histomorphometric analysis, the ratio of the area of vital bone and residual bone substitute in DBBM 2 (38.18% and 3.47%, respectively) was higher than that of DBBM 1 (33.74% and 3.41%, respectively), although the difference was not statistically significant. There were also no statistically significant differences between both groups in linear and volumetric analyses using micro-computed tomography scans and digitized images of dental casts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the present study, DBBM 1and 2, which were produced by similar processes, showed similar results in histological, histomorphometric, and volumetric analyses. Further studies are needed to identify more specific differences between the 2 DBBMs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/66/c5/jpis-52-370.PMC9614180.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40651788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal changes during implant site preparation with a digital surgical guide and slot design drill: an <i>ex vivo</i> study using a bovine rib model.","authors":"Yoon-Sil Choi,&nbsp;Jae-Woon Oh,&nbsp;Young Lee,&nbsp;Dong-Woon Lee","doi":"10.5051/jpis.2106040302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2106040302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In this study, we aimed to evaluate the degree of heat generation when a novel drill design with an irrigation slot was used with metal sleeve-free (MF) and metal sleeve-incorporated (MI) surgical guides in an environment similar to that of the actual oral cavity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A typodont with a missing mandibular right first molar and 21 bovine rib blocks were used. Three-dimensional-printed MF and MI surgical guides, designed for the placement of internal tapered implant fixtures, were used with slot and non-slot drills. The following groups were compared: group 1, MI surgical guide with slot drill; group 2, MI surgical guide with a non-slot drill; and group 3, MF surgical guide with a slot drill. A constant-temperature water bath at 36°C was used. The drilling was performed in 6 stages, and the initial, highest, and lowest temperatures of the cortical bone were measured at each stage using a non-contact infrared thermometer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no temperature increases above the initial temperature in any drilling procedure. The only significant difference between the non-slot and slot groups was observed with the use of the first drill in the MI group, with a higher temperature in the non-slot group (<i>P</i>=0.012). When the heat generation during the first and the second drilling was compared in the non-slot group, the heat generation during the first drilling was significantly higher (<i>P<</i>0.001), and there was no significant difference in heat generation between the drills in the slot group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Within the limitations of this study, implant-site preparation with the surgical guide showed no critical increase in the temperature of the cortical bone, regardless of whether there was a slot in the drill. In particular, the slotted drill had a cooling effect during the initial drilling.</p>","PeriodicalId":48795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/18/7c/jpis-52-411.PMC9614178.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40652249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of aloe-emodin on alveolar bone in <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>-induced periodontitis rat model: a pilot study.","authors":"Ming Yang,&nbsp;Saroj K Shrestha,&nbsp;Yunjo Soh,&nbsp;Seok-Mo Heo","doi":"10.5051/jpis.2104060203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2104060203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Aloe-emodin (AE), a natural anthraquinone abundant in aloe plants and rhubarb (<i>Rheum rhabarbarum</i>), has long been used to treat chronic inflammatory diseases. However, AE's underlying mechanisms in periodontal inflammation have not been fully elucidated. Acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) is a potential biomarker involved in bone remodeling. This study aimed to evaluate AE's effect on periodontitis in rats and investigate AMCase expression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into the following groups: healthy (group 1), disease (group 2), vehicle (group 3), AE high-dose (group 4), and AE low-dose (group 5). <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> ligatures were placed in rats (groups 2-5) for 7 days. Groups 4 and 5 were then treated with AE for an additional 14 days. Saliva was collected from all groups, and probing pocket depth was measured in succession. Periodontal pocket tissues were subjected to histomorphometric analysis after the rats were sacrificed. Bone marrow-derived macrophages and murine macrophages were stimulated with receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and treated with different concentrations of AE. AMCase expression was detected from the analysis of saliva, periodontal pocket tissues, and differentiated osteoclasts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among rats with <i>P. gingivalis</i>-induced periodontitis, the alveolar bone resorption levels and periodontal pocket depth were significantly reduced after treatment with AE. AMCase protein expression was significantly higher in the disease group than in the healthy control (<i>P<</i>0.05). However, AE inhibited periodontal inflammation by downregulating AMCase expression in saliva and periodontal pocket tissue. AE significantly reduced RANKL-stimulated osteoclastogenesis by modulating AMCase (<i>P<</i>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AE decreases alveolar bone loss and periodontal inflammation, suggesting that this natural anthraquinone has potential value as a novel therapeutic agent against periodontal disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":48795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/02/5a/jpis-52-383.PMC9614176.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40652247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The healing pattern of a 4 mm proximal infrabony defect was not significantly different from a 2 mm defect adjacent to dental implant in a canine mandible.","authors":"Min Kuk An,&nbsp;Hyun Ju Kim,&nbsp;Jin Uk Choi,&nbsp;Kyoung-Hwa Kim,&nbsp;Yong-Moo Lee,&nbsp;In-Chul Rhyu,&nbsp;Yang-Jo Seol","doi":"10.5051/jpis.2106420321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2106420321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the healing patterns of 2-mm and 4-mm proximal infrabony defects adjacent to dental implants in canine mandibles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four male beagles were used. Two groups were created: a 2-mm group (n=4) and a 4-mm group (n=4) depending on the horizontal dimension of proximal infrabony defects adjacent to implants. Bone healing patterns between the 2 groups were evaluated and compared at 8 and 16 weeks using radiographic, histological, histomorphometric, and fluorescent labelling analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to microcomputed tomography, the median bone volume fraction, bone mineral density, and the percentage of radiographic distance from the defect bottom to the most coronal bone-to-implant contact (radio-mcBIC) were 32.9%, 0.6 g/cm³, and 73.7% (8 weeks) and 45.7%, 0.7 g/cm³, and 76.0% (16 weeks) in the 2-mm group and 57.7%, 0.8 g/cm³, and 75.7% (8 weeks) and 50.9%, 0.8 g/cm³, and 74.7% (16 weeks) in the 4-mm group, respectively. According to histomorphometry, the median bone area fraction, mcBIC and the percentage of BIC amounted to 36.7%, 3.4 mm, and 58.4% (8 weeks) and 49.2%, 3.4 mm, and 70.2% (16 weeks) in the 2-mm group and 50.0%, 3.0 mm, and 64.8% (8 weeks) and 55.7%, 3.0 mm, and 69.6% (16 weeks) in the 4-mm group, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups for any variables (<i>P</i>>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proximal defects that measured 2 mm and 4 mm showed similar healing patterns at 8 and 16 weeks, and the top of bone formation in the defects was substantially limited to a maximum of 1.6 mm below the implant shoulder in both groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":48795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6b/3a/jpis-52-422.PMC9614175.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40652680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"APSP 2022: looking beyond periodontology to the digital transformation in the Asia-Pacific region.","authors":"Yun-Jeong Kim,&nbsp;Young Ku","doi":"10.5051/jpis.225205edi01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.225205edi01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/72/05/jpis-52-351.PMC9614181.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40651786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Azithromycin as an adjunct to subgingival professional mechanical plaque removal in the treatment of grade C periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Oliver P Jones,&nbsp;Philippa J Hoyle","doi":"10.5051/jpis.2200340017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2200340017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate clinical and microbiological outcomes with the use of azithromycin as an adjunct to non-surgical subgingival professional mechanical plaque removal (PMPR) in the treatment of grade C periodontitis. Online database searches using high-level MeSH terms in a PICO structure were conducted along with hand-searching of relevant periodontal journals. Titles and abstracts of identified studies were independently reviewed by both authors and the full texts of studies meeting the inclusion criteria were independently reviewed. In total, 122 studies were identified through searches, of which 6 were included in the qualitative analysis and 4 in the meta-analysis. Three studies included in the meta-analysis were deemed at low risk of bias and 1 at serious risk. There were conflicting results on whether azithromycin reduced the number of subgingival pathogens or detectable subgingival <i>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</i> between the included studies. The meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant probing depth reduction difference in favour of azithromycin compared to the control at 3 months (weighted mean difference [WMD]=-0.39 mm; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.66 to -0.13 mm; I²=0%) and 12 months (WMD=-1.32 mm; 95% CI, -1.71 to -0.93 mm; I²=0%). The clinical attachment level change was also statistically significant in favour of azithromycin compared to the control at 3 months (WMD=-0.61 mm; 95% CI, -1.13 to -0.10 mm; I²=71%) and 12 months (WMD=-0.88 mm; 95% CI, -1.32 to -0.44 mm; I²=0%). Based upon these results, azithromycin offers additional improvements in some clinical parameters when used in conjunction with subgingival PMPR in patients with aggressive periodontitis over control groups. These improvements appear to be maintained for up to 12 months after treatment completion. However, due to a lack of well-designed studies, the conclusions that can be drawn from the available evidence are limited. Trial Registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews Identifier: CRD42020168195.</p>","PeriodicalId":48795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9e/1f/jpis-52-352.PMC9614177.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40651787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}