Journal of Veterinary Cardiology最新文献

{"title":"Heart failure associated with minoxidil intoxication in a cat","authors":"C. Ferri,&nbsp;O. Dossin,&nbsp;V. Gouni","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 13-month-old female spayed Russian blue cat was presented for acute respiratory distress. Thoracic radiographs revealed signs of left-sided congestive heart failure with pulmonary oedema, and the echocardiogram showed left ventricular myocardial thickening and concurrent left atrial dilation. In the first hours following admission, in addition to the classic management of congestive heart failure, dobutamine was used because of hypotension. The cat was discharged five days after admission with a prescription of furosemide 1.11 mg/kg PO q 12 h and pimobendan 0.15 mg/kg PO q 12 h. An echocardiographic follow-up, one month later, showed normalisation of the left ventricular walls and atrial size, justifying a gradual withdrawal of drugs. Eight months later, the cat experienced recurrence of clinical signs. Thoracic radiographs suggested a relapsing pulmonary oedema. The echocardiogram showed again a hypertrophic phenotype with moderate left atrial dilation. The cat was hospitalised, and the case was treated similarly to the first episode. Cardiac troponin I was increased to 9.89 ng/mL [&lt;0.2 ng/mL]. Infectious disease tests were negative. Two weeks later, echocardiography showed again normalisation of left ventricular walls and atrial diameter. Treatments were gradually stopped, and subsequent echocardiographic checks showed no abnormalities. After the resolution of the second episode, it was noted that both respiratory distress events appeared after contact with a family member who was using minoxidil to treat androgenic alopecia and whose hair the cat had insistently licked. Minoxidil intoxication was retrospectively considered a likely contributor to these episodes of transient myocardial thickening associated with congestive heart failure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 99-105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slow ventricular response atrial fibrillation and J wave in a hypothermic dog","authors":"I. Apolloni,&nbsp;S. Crosara,&nbsp;S. Oricco,&nbsp;C. Quintavalla","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 9-year-old, outdoors, Italian hound dog was referred for severe hypothermia that had occurred after vomiting and diarrhea. At presentation, the electrocardiogram showed a slow ventricular response atrial fibrillation with an instantaneous heart rate ranging from 20 to 115 beats/min. The QRS complexes were mildly enlarged and followed by a J wave. The QT interval was prolonged (360 msec). Multiple wide QRS complexes with various bizarre morphologies, either singular or in couples, indicative of ventricular ectopic beats, were also observed. The dog was hospitalized and actively rewarmed; the rhythm spontaneously converted to sinus rhythm with respiratory sinus arrhythmia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 68-71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Veterinary echocardiographers’ preferences for image selection, timing, and caliper placement for left atrial two-dimensional size assessment in dogs: the BENEFIT project","authors":"M.Y.-W. Kuo ,&nbsp;M. Dirven ,&nbsp;J. Häggström ,&nbsp;S.G. Gordon ,&nbsp;K. Höglund ,&nbsp;E. Côté ,&nbsp;T.-L. Lu ,&nbsp;M. Rishniw ,&nbsp;Y.-W. Hung ,&nbsp;I. Ljungvall","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate veterinary echocardiographers’ preferences for assessing left atrial (LA) size in dogs using linear two-dimensional echocardiography, focusing on image selection, timing, caliper placement, and thresholds used for LA enlargement. A secondary aim was to explore the impact of experience and training on echocardiographers' linear two-dimensional measurements of LA size in dogs.</div></div><div><h3>Animals, Materials and Methods</h3><div>A global online study was conducted, asking veterinary echocardiographers to measure LA size using static echocardiographic images.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 533 echocardiographers (63% non-specialists and 37% specialists, of which 43% were cardiology board certified) completed the study. Most echocardiographers (86%, n = 459/533) used a right parasternal short-axis (RPSAX) view for LA and aortic (Ao) measurements. Of these, 57% (n = 261/459) favored the same image angulation for performing measurements and 76% (n = 351/459) timed measurements at end-systole/early-diastole. Caliper placement near pulmonary venous inlets impacted their LA dimension measurements the most. Thirty-nine percent (n = 207/533) used right parasternal long-axis (RPLAX) views. The upper limit for LA enlargement varied across all commonly used methods. Training and experience level influenced interobserver variation for LA dimension measurements obtained from a RPLAX four-chamber view, but not from a RPSAX view.</div></div><div><h3>Study Limitations</h3><div>Static images may not reflect real-time clinical settings or allow precise identification of anatomical structures.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The RPSAX view was most favored for LA size assessment in dogs, but variations existed in image selection, timing, caliper placement, and threshold used for LA enlargement. Training and experience level influenced interobserver variation in LA dimension measurements obtained from a RPLAX four-chamber view.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital partial pericardial defect affecting the right ventricle in a dog","authors":"K. Sugimoto ,&nbsp;K. Sasaki ,&nbsp;S. Yamamoto ,&nbsp;M. Yonemaru ,&nbsp;N. Shimada ,&nbsp;K. Kutara ,&nbsp;J. Hiroma","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 1.8-year-old, 7.7-kg male mixed-breed dog was examined before castration surgery. Thoracic radiographs showed a prominent bulging of the cardiac silhouette. Echocardiography revealed a partial absence of the bright pericardial signal in the right ventricular outflow tract. Fluoroscopy revealed a bulging pulsating sac anterior to the right ventricular outflow tract. On contrast-enhanced computed tomography, a balloon-shaped right ventricular lumen protruding in the cranial direction was seen on the cranial side of the right ventricle near the pulmonary infundibulum. Accordingly, right ventricular herniation due to a partial pericardial defect was diagnosed. This report describes cardiac computed tomography in dogs with right ventricular pericardial defects; our findings highlight the usefulness of fluoroscopic examination in diagnosing pericardial defects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 31-34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144878120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complete transposition of the great arteries with a patent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect, and juxta-arterial ventricular septal defect in a cat","authors":"J.C. Liu,&nbsp;J. Allen,&nbsp;K. Phipps,&nbsp;K. Barrett","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An 11-week-old male intact Siamese cat was presented for evaluation of a grade V/VI parasternal systolic murmur. Echocardiography revealed multiple congenital cardiac abnormalities, including parallel orientation of the aorta and main pulmonary artery, a patent ductus arteriosus, and a juxta-arterial ventricular septal defect. Cardiac remodeling secondary to these congenital defects was also noted. The patient was clinically stable at the time of presentation, but the owner ultimately elected for humane euthanasia before the onset of cardiac decompensation. Postmortem necropsy was performed to confirm the congenital deformities identified on echocardiography. An ostium secundum atrial septal defect that was not originally detected on echocardiography was discovered at this time. The cat was diagnosed with a complete transposition of the great arteries and concurrent congenital defects that allowed for mixing of the pulmonary and systemic circulatory systems. This case report describes a congenital defect that is infrequently reported in veterinary medicine, as well as the utility of antemortem echocardiography and gross necropsy findings to characterize this deformity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 25-30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144878635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of mitral valve regurgitation in 97 apparently healthy Chihuahua dogs.","authors":"E Pålsson, A R Vestberg, A Tidholm","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2025.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objectives: </strong>Mitral regurgitation (MR) is often caused by myxomatous mitral valve disease which affects many small-breed dogs, including Chihuahua dogs. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of MR and tricuspid regurgitation (TR), valvular thickening, and prolapse in a group of apparently healthy Chihuahua dogs.</p><p><strong>Animals, materials and methods: </strong>Ninety-seven privately owned Chihuahua dogs, recruited via the Swedish Chihuahua Club, were included in the study. A prospective observational study was conducted where clinical examinations, electrocardiograms, and echocardiographic and Doppler examinations were performed in all dogs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mitral regurgitation was found in 37 (38%) dogs and was considered mild in 31 dogs, moderate in four dogs, and severe in two dogs. A systolic murmur over the mitral valve area was heard in 21 (22%) dogs. Mitral valve thickening was observed in 36 (37%) and mitral valve prolapse in 12 (12%) dogs. Tricuspid valve regurgitation was present in 14 (14%) of all dogs and in 30% of dogs with MR. Dogs with MR were significantly older (median: 7.6 years) than dogs without MR (median: 3 years); P < 0.0001.</p><p><strong>Study limitations: </strong>Whether or not the presence of MR reflects early stages of myxomatous mitral valve disease cannot be ascertained without the use of histological examination of the mitral valves.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mitral regurgitation was common in this group of apparently healthy Chihuahua dogs, and at the age of 6.4 years, there is a 50% chance that a dog has developed MR. In the age group 9-10 years, MR was found in 80% of the dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145656141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1-positive macrophages and papillary muscle fibrosis in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease.","authors":"E N LeRoy, A A Williams, M O Skor, C E Lyons, A J Martinot, V K Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.10.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2025.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to characterize the activated macrophage (ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1-positive [Iba1⁺]) population in myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD)-affected valve leaflets and associated papillary muscle (PM), as well as fibrosis within the PM associated with MMVD.</p><p><strong>Animals, materials and methods: </strong>Mitral valve leaflets and posteromedial PM were collected from a total of 25 dogs consisting of three groups: normal group (normal valves; n = 6), mild group (mildly affected valves; n = 5), and severe group (severely affected valves; n = 14). Histological sections of mitral valves were assessed by immunohistochemistry for ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1, and PM sections were similarly assessed for ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 and with Sirius red for fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant increases in Iba1⁺ macrophages were noted in mitral valve leaflets from the severe group compared with the mild group (P=0.020) and the normal group (P=0.001). No significant difference in Iba1⁺ macrophages within the PM was noted between groups (P=0.662). Significant increases in the area of fibrosis were seen within the PM in the severe group compared with the normal and mild groups (P=0.001 and P=0.023, respectively).</p><p><strong>Study limitations: </strong>The sample size is small, and the dogs in the normal and MMVD-affected groups are not age-matched. Furthermore, many dogs from the tissue donation program lack complete health status information.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Inflammation may play an important role in canine MMVD. Further investigation is needed to determine if myxomatous changes in the valves or increased fibrosis in the associated PM are initiated by inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145688556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair: guidance in dogs from the human experience.","authors":"E C Orton, J D Carroll","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.10.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2025.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitral regurgitation is the most prevalent valvular heart disease in dogs and humans, leading to symptoms of heart failure, reduction in the quality of life, recurrent hospitalizations, and increased mortality. Mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (M-TEER) is an established intervention for severe mitral regurgitation in human patients and has recently emerged as a promising intervention in dogs. The prospect of a minimally invasive intervention for dogs is a breakthrough development and simultaneously raises important questions of procedural timing, documenting benefit vs. risk, and outcomes compared to surgical repair or medical therapy alone. The evolution of M-TEER in humans has been documented through early feasibility studies, randomized clinical trials comparing M-TEER to medical therapy or surgical repair, and national and international registries. This review focuses on M-TEER technologies, patient selection, procedural performance, and outcomes in humans and dogs. A major goal of this review is to draw upon the extensive human experience as potentially useful in guiding the rollout in dogs and to review the many lessons learned in the human experience that may be relevant to M-TEER in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145497120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal title page and editorial board","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1760-2734(25)00091-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1760-2734(25)00091-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"61 ","pages":"Page i"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular images: parachute mitral valve in a cat","authors":"E. Nijveldt,&nbsp;A. Stavri,&nbsp;K. Schober","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A six-month-old intact female domestic shorthair cat was presented to the Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center for further evaluation of a heart murmur. On echocardiography, a large, left-to-right shunting ventricular septal defect was identified. There was evidence of severe left heart volume overload, increased pulmonary artery flow and tricuspid regurgitation velocities, mild mitral regurgitation, and left-sided congestive heart failure. The presence of relative pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary hypertension, and a mitral valve malformation were suspected, but further echocardiographic characterization was not attempted at the time due to the fractious nature of the cat. The cat presented a month later for pulmonary artery banding as palliative treatment for the ventricular septal defect. On subsequent recheck echocardiograms, four weeks and three months later, the presence of mitral valve dysplasia with a parachute mitral valve was observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"61 ","pages":"Pages 62-65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}