Journal of Veterinary Cardiology最新文献

{"title":"Transfemoral vein approach for balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty in a 1.2- kg dog","authors":"K. Kadowaki ,&nbsp;N. Miyashita ,&nbsp;K. Nakamura ,&nbsp;T. Mori","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 10-month-old, 1.2- kg, unspayed female Maltese dog presented with the chief complaint of a heart murmur. Echocardiography revealed a transpulmonary velocity of 5.28 m/s (estimated pressure gradient: 112 mmHg) and severe pulmonary valve stenosis with an estimated pulmonary valve annulus diameter of 7.2 mm. Given the dog's small size, a balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty via the femoral vein was considered. The pulmonary valve annulus was dilated thrice using a 10-mm balloon (balloon-to-annulus ratio: 1.39). After the balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty, right ventricular systolic pressure decreased from 125 to 78 mmHg. The interventional procedure was completed without serious complications. As of postoperative day 149, the maximum transpulmonary velocity decreased to 2.43 m/s (estimated pressure gradient: 24 mmHg), recurrence of pulmonary valve stenosis was not observed, and the patient was doing well clinically. In conclusion, an approach performed via the femoral vein in this 1.2-kg dog resulted in a successful procedure without significant complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"Pages 133-138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143885939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype in a 10-week-old Oriental shorthair kitten","authors":"M. Meijer ,&nbsp;H. Aupperle-Lellbach ,&nbsp;D. Willems ,&nbsp;M. Dirven","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 10-week-old female Oriental shorthair was referred due to stunted growth, weight loss, dyspnea, and reduced activity levels compared to her littermates. Thoracic radiography revealed a markedly enlarged cardiac silhouette and a diffuse unstructured interstitial pulmonary pattern, presumably due to cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Echocardiography showed marked left- and right-sided ventricular dilation, decreased contractility, and enlargement of both atria, without any identifiable congenital defects. Pleural and peritoneal effusion were also present. Based on these findings, a presumptive diagnosis of both left- and right-sided congestive heart failure due to a dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype was made. Cardiovascular pathological examination confirmed the echocardiographic findings. Additionally, mild interstitial myocardial fibrosis was present in the left ventricle, both atria, the interventricular septum, and, to a minimal extent, in the right ventricle. Moderate endocardial fibrosis was observed in the left atrium and left atrial appendage, while mild endocardial fibrosis was present in the left ventricle. Both antemortem and postmortem evaluations did not provide clear evidence of the underlying cause. Therefore, we consider this a rare case of feline juvenile idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy with secondary reactive endocardial and myocardial fibrosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"Pages 126-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of bioequivalence of pimobendan oral solution and pimobendan oral capsules in healthy Beagle dogs","authors":"O. Kuhlmann ,&nbsp;L.N. Goswami","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of pimobendan administered as the originator reference product Vetmedin® pimobendan 5-mg capsules and a newly developed liquid formulation Vetmedin® pimobendan 1.5-mg/mL oral solution.</div></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><div>Pharmacokinetic profiles were investigated in 12 male and 12 female adult Beagle dogs.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>The study was a randomized, four-period, two-sequence, full-replicate crossover design with maximum concentration (C_max) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve to last sampling time (AUC_0→last) used as pivotal bioequivalence parameters. For each treatment period, all animals were treated with a single dose of 5 mg/animal pimobendan, resulting in a dose of 0.33 mg/kg to 0.56 mg/kg. For each administration period, one predose and 15 postdose blood samples were taken over a period of 12 h. Plasma samples were analyzed for concentrations of pimobendan and the active metabolite O-desmethyl pimobendan.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both formulations were well tolerated. Bioequivalence of the test product pimobendan 1.5-mg/mL oral solution with the reference product pimobendan 5-mg capsules was demonstrated for both the parent compound pimobendan and the metabolite O-desmethyl pimobendan since the 90% confidence intervals of the ratios of C_max and AUC_0→last were entirely contained within the range of 0.8–1.25.</div></div><div><h3>Study Limitations</h3><div>The study was performed according to international guidelines with healthy dogs specifically bred for experimental purposes. Comparable data for client-own dogs are not available.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The new Vetmedin® pimobendan 1.5-mg/mL oral solution is a bioequivalent pharmaceutical preparation that is expected to improve dosing accuracy and compliance, especially in toy breed and small dogs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"Pages 70-80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balloon aortic valvuloplasty for congenital aortic valvar stenosis in 10 dogs","authors":"R.L. Winter ,&nbsp;B.A. Scansen ,&nbsp;K.L. Maneval ,&nbsp;C.S. Ferrel ,&nbsp;B.M. Potter ,&nbsp;M.K. Ames ,&nbsp;P.-T. Liao ,&nbsp;S.W. Jung","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/Objectives</h3><div>Aortic valvar stenosis (AS) is an uncommon congenital defect in the dog, but when present, it can cause severe clinical signs including collapse and congestive heart failure. In human patients, AS is a common congenital defect that has been managed with balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV). The objectives of this study were to describe the procedural details and retrospectively evaluate the outcomes of dogs with severe AS that underwent BAV.</div></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><div>Ten client-owned dogs diagnosed with severe AS.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>Medical records and stored images from echocardiographic and angiographic examinations were reviewed from dogs that were diagnosed with severe AS and underwent BAV. The severity of velocity-derived maximal systolic pressure gradient across the aortic valve and aortic insufficiency was assessed from transthoracic echocardiographic images before and after BAV. Procedural details from the BAV procedures including intra-operative complications, type and size of the balloon catheter used, and use of rapid right ventricular pacing were recorded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The median (range) age and weight at the time of BAV were 12 months (6–120 months) and 18.2 kg (4.8–33.0 kg), respectively. Most dogs had high-pressure balloon dilation catheters used (n = 6/10) during BAV, and the balloon diameter-to-aortic annular ratio was 1.03 ± 0.05 for all dogs. The maximal systolic pressure gradient across the aortic valve decreased from 183.2 mmHg ± 74.6 before BAV to 97.4 mmHg ± 48.2 immediately after BAV (P&lt;0.001). The severity of aortic insufficiency did not significantly worsen after BAV (P=0.25). The long-term impact of BAV on survival is unknown, and this could be considered a limitation of this study.</div></div><div><h3>Study Limitations</h3><div>This study describes the short-term effects of BAV for dogs with AS, and a lack of long-term follow-up may be considered a limitation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Balloon aortic valvuloplasty for severe AS is tolerated in most dogs, and dogs with severe AS may benefit from transcatheter BAV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"Pages 61-69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heart base tumors in French Bulldogs: a case series","authors":"C. Johannsen,&nbsp;F. Schneider,&nbsp;I. Maerz","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/Objectives</h3><div>Heart base tumors (HBTs) including chemodectomas are common in dogs, especially in brachycephalic breeds. These tumors are often incidental findings but can also lead to clinical signs from vascular obstruction, tumor invasion, pericardial effusion, or metastasis. This retrospective study describes clinical and imaging findings of HBTs in 32 French Bulldogs.</div></div><div><h3>Animals, Materials and Methods</h3><div>A review of medical records focused on French Bulldogs diagnosed with HBTs (April 2019 to October 2022) was conducted. Cases were divided into two groups: dogs with incidental HBTs (group 1) and dogs with clinical signs associated with HBTs (group 2). Collected data focused on clinical features and available diagnostic imaging.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In group 1 dogs (n = 14), HBT was diagnosed incidentally; meanwhile, clinical signs in group 2 dogs (n = 18) included respiratory difficulties, syncope, and ascites with various combinations of serous cavity effusions evident in 13 dogs. Echocardiography of group 2 dogs frequently identified tumors obstructing the pulmonary trunk or its main branches. Some tumors invaded the atria. Median heart rate (138 vs. 156/mins), right atrial diameter (22.0 vs. 31.5 mm), and right ventricular-to-right atrial systolic pressure gradient (48 vs. 83 mm hg) were higher in the subset of group 2 dogs where these variables were measured (all P&lt;0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Study Limitations</h3><div>The retrospective nature and absence of histopathology to confirm tumor type and autopsy findings are major limitations of the study.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Heart base tumors in French Bulldogs can vary in clinical presentation, severity, and imaging features. These tumors often cause vascular obstruction, tissue invasion, and cavitary effusions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"Pages 145-154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143934993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence and distribution of left ventricular bands and normal anatomical features in 78 feline hearts","authors":"N. Kiessling ,&nbsp;S. Rørvig ,&nbsp;J. Häggström","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/Objectives</h3><div>Left ventricular bands (LVBs) are common in feline hearts. Their importance and general features are incompletely described. This study aimed to characterize LVBs in feline hearts based on anatomical location, quantity, histological features, and attachment sites.</div></div><div><h3>Animals, Materials and Methods</h3><div>Hearts from 78 domestic cats with or without heart disease were included in this study. Cardiac weight and dimensions were measured, and LVBs were categorized as singular bands or nets, with further characterization by location, length, appearance, and histological examination of attachment sites.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Median cardiac weight was 4.34 g/kg (interquartile range: 2.1 g/kg). Left ventricular bands were present in all hearts, with 11% having only singular bands, 32% containing only nets, and 42% having nets covering the entire left ventricle (LV). The most common LVB attachment sites were the LV mid-region involving the posterior papillary muscle. Nets were most common in the mid-region including the papillary muscles (93%), followed by basilar (60%) and apical (59%) regions. All LVBs contained collagen, myocytes, adipose tissue, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. No excess fibrosis, myocardial hypertrophy, or endocardial thickening at the attachment sites was identified.</div></div><div><h3>Study Limitations</h3><div>The study included mainly domestic stray cats aged 12 weeks to 15 years, with few purebred or diseased individuals. The hearts were examined by one person, which may introduce subjectivity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Left ventricular bands are commonly found in the mid LV section of feline hearts, primarily involving the posterior papillary muscle, suggesting normal variation. Left ventricular bands contain myocytes, not Purkinje fibers, and are not fibrous tendons. Myocyte hypertrophy or excess fibrosis is absent at attachment sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"Pages 81-92"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and echocardiographic variables associated with the type of congestive heart failure manifestation in cats","authors":"A.K. Masters ,&nbsp;L. Brock ,&nbsp;M.A. Tropf ,&nbsp;A. Rendahl ,&nbsp;S. Rogg ,&nbsp;J.L. Ward","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study was to determine clinical and echocardiographic findings associated with congestive heart failure (CHF) manifestation type in cats and to assess impact on the risk of CHF recurrence and survival.</div></div><div><h3>Animals, Materials and Methods</h3><div>A retrospective medical record review of 135 cats with CHF was conducted. Cats were grouped based on CHF manifestation type. Associations between CHF manifestation and clinical and echocardiographic variables were assessed using a Fisher's test and analysis of variance. Comparisons between CHF manifestations were performed using a pairwise Fisher's test with Bonferroni-Holm adjustment and Tukey's honestly significant difference method after analysis of variance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Congestive heart failure manifestation was associated with sex (P=0.045), history of increased respiratory rate (P=0.006), effort (P=0.001), and signs of arterial thromboembolism (P=0.004). Significant differences between left atrium-to-aorta ratio (P=0.043), diastolic right ventricular internal dimension (P=0.001), systolic right ventricular internal dimension (P=0.015), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (P=0.044), and presence of non-specific cardiomyopathy phenotype (P=0.001) were identified among CHF groups. Cats with ascites as their CHF manifestation had significantly higher median diastolic right ventricular internal dimension (9.9 mm) and systolic right ventricular internal dimension (6.6 mm) on pairwise comparison than cats with other CHF manifestations. Congestive heart failure manifestation did not have a statistically significant association with survival but did with time to CHF recurrence (P=0.008).</div></div><div><h3>Study Limitations</h3><div>Retrospective design, small sample size, and potential misclassification of CHF manifestation type are limitations of this study.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Congestive heart failure manifestation type is associated with various clinical and echocardiographic findings in cats with heart disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"Pages 114-125"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and imaging characteristics of patent ductus arteriosus in Standard poodles and their crossbreeds","authors":"S. Lim ,&nbsp;S. Wesselowski ,&nbsp;S. Kadotani ,&nbsp;R.L. Winter ,&nbsp;A.B. Saunders","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/Objectives</h3><div>Standard poodle (SP)/Standard poodle crossbred (SP-C) dogs have gained popularity with limited literature representation. The study objective was to report clinical, imaging, and procedural data in SP/SP-C dogs with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).</div></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><div>Breeds included SP (12/30), Goldendoodle (9/30), Labradoodle (7/30), and Bernedoodle (2/30). At presentation, dogs were 0.6 years old (0.2–6.0) and weighed 14.8 kg (3.1–25.6). Nine had concurrent congenital heart disease. Thirteen required diuretic therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>A multi-institutional retrospective study including 30 client-owned SP/SP-C dogs was conducted. Data are reported as median and range.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Intra-operative imaging was performed with angiography (n = 28) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) (n = 20), with discrepancies in morphology classification identified in six dogs in which both modalities were performed. Pulmonary ostium diameter measured by TEE, ampulla diameter 4 mm above the ostium measured by TEE (TEE-Amp4), ampulla diameter at the level of the aorta measured by TEE, and ampulla length were measured. Pulmonary ostium diameter measured by TEE was 4.1 mm (1.4–8.1), measuring 42% (35–66%) of the TEE-Amp4. Closure methods included the use of an Amplatz canine duct occluder (ACDO) device (27/30) and surgical ligation (3/30). The median ACDO size was 7 mm (3–12). Immediately after ACDO occlusion, TEE-Amp4 and ampulla diameter at the level of the aorta measured by TEE had a median increase of 21% (0–148) and 16% (4–59), respectively. Complications occurred in four dogs (intra-operative atrial fibrillation [2/30], device embolization following ampulla dilation with subsequent ligation [1/30], and postoperative death following PDA rupture with partial ligation [1/30]).</div></div><div><h3>Study Limitations</h3><div>Potential errors in breed identification and imaging could affect results.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Standard poodle and crossbred dogs can have large or unusually shaped PDAs, with TEE imaging able to provide anatomic information and intra-operative monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"Pages 48-60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Left atrial thrombosis in a dog with advanced myxomatous mitral valve disease","authors":"G. Romito,&nbsp;C. Mazzoldi,&nbsp;M. Di Benedetto,&nbsp;S. Sabattini","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An 11-year-old Cavalier King Charles spaniel with a previous diagnosis of preclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) was presented with respiratory distress and abdominal distension. Lung edema and ascites were diagnosed. Echocardiography revealed a progression of the MMVD as it was associated with a moderate enlargement of the left-sided cardiac chambers and an atrial septal defect (ASD). The latter was hypothesized to be primarily due to a rupture of the interatrial septum caused by MMVD. Moreover, a hyperechoic irregular mass was documented inside the left atrium. At that time, the primary differential diagnosis included intracardiac thrombosis (ICT) and mural endocarditis. Comprehensive diagnostic tests subsequently ruled out extracardiac prothrombotic triggers; moreover, both blood and urine cultures tested negative. Despite the administration of cardiac and supportive therapies (including antithrombotic drugs), the dog died 138 days after presentation. Necropsy confirmed the presence of MMVD (type IV lesions according to Pomerance and Whitney's classification system) associated with remodeling of the left-sided cardiac chambers, multiple left atrial (LA) jet lesions, and ASD. Endocarditis was ruled out, and the LA mass was demonstrated to be an ICT entrapped in the ASD. In light of premortem and postmortem findings, the turbulent blood flow secondary to the mitral valve insufficiency and ASD, along with the extensive LA endothelial damage, were considered likely triggering factors for the development of ICT. This case suggests that, although ICT represents an extremely rare complication of cardiac diseases in dogs, it can potentially develop when canine MMVD is particularly advanced.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"Pages 93-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical correction of ventricular septal defect in a cat","authors":"T. Wada ,&nbsp;A. Fujiwara ,&nbsp;Y. Miki ,&nbsp;M. Ohashi ,&nbsp;S. Kawamoto ,&nbsp;R. Takemura ,&nbsp;H. Yotsuida ,&nbsp;T. Mori","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A two-year-old intact male British shorthair cat, weighing 4.6 kg, was referred for surgical correction of a ventricular septal defect (VSD). The cat was treated with pimobendan, amlodipine, furosemide, and clopidogrel for tachypnea, and no other clinical signs of cardiac disease were observed. Physical examination revealed heart murmurs. Radiographic and echocardiographic evaluations indicated generalized cardiomegaly and left atrial enlargement. Two-dimensional echocardiography revealed a large left-to-right shunt through a 5.8-mm perimembranous VSD with a septal aneurysm. The pulmonary-to-systemic blood flow ratio was 3.3, indicating a significant volume overload. Surgical correction was performed via a right ventricular outflow tract incision under cardiopulmonary bypass using an 8-mm expanded polytetrafluoroethylene patch to close the VSD. Postoperatively, the cat had sporadic premature ventricular contractions but recovered without major complications. At one year postoperatively, the cat showed improved activity levels and no residual shunt flow and required no medication. This report demonstrates the feasibility of patch closure for membranous VSDs in cats through a right ventricular outflow tract incision and highlights the need for further studies to assess its effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"Pages 139-144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143907888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}