Journal of Veterinary Cardiology最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Evidence-based medical therapy for mitral regurgitation in dogs\" [J Vet Cardiol (2026) 10.1016/j.jvc.2026.04.006].","authors":"J P Mochel, J L Ward, J A Stern","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2026.08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2026.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the mitral-aortic velocity time integral ratio for severity assessment in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease.","authors":"S Kawai, R Suzuki, Y Mochizuki, Y Yuchi, A Kitazawa, T Teshima, H Matsumoto","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2026.08.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2026.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objectives: </strong>In dogs, myxomatous mitral valve disease is the most commonly acquired cardiac disorder. Quantitative assessment of mitral regurgitation (MR), particularly regurgitant volume normalized to body weight (RVol/kg), remains challenging. A Doppler-derived mitral-to-aortic velocity time integral (VTI) ratio (calculated as mitral inflow VTI) divided by left ventricular outflow tract VTI]) has been proposed in humans to stratify MR severity. This study evaluated its association with MR severity, American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine stage, and congestive heart failure (CHF).</p><p><strong>Animals, materials and methods: </strong>We evaluated 167 dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease and 21 controls. Echocardiography included mitral inflow VTI, left ventricular outflow tract VTI, and RVol/kg. Repeatability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to evaluate performance for detecting CHF and severe MR defined by a regurgitant fraction (RF) ≥50%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mitral-to-aortic VTI ratio increased with stage (P<0.001) and correlated with RVol/kg and RF (r=0.75 each; P<0.001), with high repeatability (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.90). Multivariable regression identified early diastolic transmitral velocity (E), left atrium-to-aorta ratio, and RVol/kg as independent determinants of the mitral-to-aortic VTI ratio. Logistic regression to detect CHF (current and past) showed the association between the mitral-to-aortic VTI ratio and CHF. In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the mitral-to-aortic VTI ratio showed the highest accuracy for identifying an RF ≥ 50% (area under the curve=0.89).</p><p><strong>Study limitations: </strong>Few dogs were in stage C/D.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The mitral-to-aortic VTI ratio is a reproducible Doppler index associated with MR severity and American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine stage and may help indicate clinically relevant RF thresholds.</p>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148931731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predominant mitral valve morphology in dogs at different stages of myxomatous mitral valve disease: toward a standardized nomenclature.","authors":"A Bentley, R C Fries, S Kadotani, C Toborowsky, E A Javery","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2026.08.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2026.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objectives: </strong>Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common heart disease in dogs. Echocardiographic markers of cardiac remodeling are used to assess disease severity, but morphological features of the mitral valve are not systematically considered. Conversely, standardized morphological classification schemes are established in human cardiology and are integral to prognosis and therapeutic planning. Our objective was to adapt and apply a mitral valve morphological classification scheme to canine MMVD across various stages.</p><p><strong>Animals, material and methods: </strong>A total of 1108 dogs weighing 1-15 kg with an echocardiographic diagnosis of MMVD (American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine stage B1 = 595; B2 = 314; C/D = 199) were included in the study. Echocardiographic studies were retrospectively reviewed. Leaflet involvement was identified using right parasternal and left apical views and classified as billow, prolapse, isolated flail, or prolapse with flail based on established morphologic descriptions by Barlow and principles of leaflet motion derived from the Carpentier classification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anterior leaflet involvement predominated all stages, though bileaflet involvement increased in stage C/D. Billow morphology decreased significantly across stages (B1: 79%; B2: 17%; C/D: 5%; P<0.001). Prolapse and isolated flail were significantly more common in stages B2 and C/D than in stage B1 (P<0.001). Prolapse with flail increased progressively from stage B1 (5%) to B2 (25%) to C/D (56%) (P<0.001).</p><p><strong>Study limitations: </strong>This was a retrospective, single-center study with no longitudinal follow-up. Advanced imaging modalities were not evaluated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mitral valve morphology in dogs with MMVD varies systematically with disease stage, and adoption of a standardized morphological classification scheme will align veterinary cardiology with established human frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149002771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal title page and editorial board","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1760-2734(26)00073-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1760-2734(26)00073-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"66 ","pages":"Page i"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148951432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breed screening for myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs.","authors":"L H Olsen, S Swift, J Häggström","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2026.07.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2026.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myxomatous mitral valve disease contributes to cardiac morbidity and mortality in dogs worldwide. It is the most common heart disease in dogs. The exact cause of myxomatous mitral valve disease is still unknown but it is described as heritable in some dog breeds. The present literature review presents an overview of myxomatous mitral valve disease breeding screening methods and ongoing screening programs in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148714141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Left atrial decompression in dogs with heart failure secondary to myxomatous mitral valve disease: a long-term outcome study.","authors":"K L Phipps, J A Allen, K A Barrett, C J Day, M N Doan","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2026.07.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2026.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objectives: </strong>Left-sided congestive heart failure (CHF) secondary to myxomatous mitral valve disease carries high morbidity and mortality in dogs. Left atrial decompression (LAD) has been employed in severely affected dogs refractory to medical therapy, but long-term outcomes have not been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate survival time following LAD, the frequency of iatrogenic atrial septal defect closure, the frequency of right-sided CHF, and the frequency of cardiac-related hospitalizations.</p><p><strong>Animals, materials and methods: </strong>A total of 111 client-owned dogs with stage B2, C, or D mitral valve disease undergoing LAD. A retrospective cohort study of patients treated between October 2018 and September 2021 was conducted. The primary outcome was time to cardiac-related death or euthanasia. Secondary outcomes included time to right-sided CHF, iatrogenic atrial septal defect closure, and frequency of CHF-related hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Iatrogenic atrial septal defect closure occurred in 22 dogs (20.2%), most commonly when septal puncture was performed caudal to the fossa ovalis. Forty-seven dogs (42.3%) developed right-sided CHF after LAD, with onset ranging from 1 to 873 days. Twenty-five dogs (22.5%) were hospitalized for cardiac disease after the procedure. Median survival time was 379 days (range, 1-1282) after the LAD procedure.</p><p><strong>Study limitations: </strong>Given the retrospective design and absence of a medically managed control group, prospective studies are warranted to further define the long-term benefits of LAD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Left atrial decompression provided satisfactory survival times in dogs with advanced mitral valve disease refractory to standard therapy. Left CHF recurrence requiring hospitalization was uncommon, but right-sided CHF developed frequently, albeit with variable onset. Atrial septal defect closure was rare and may be minimized by puncturing within the fossa ovalis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148686361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Auscultatory findings and left atrial function as indicators of mitral valve regurgitation severity in horses.","authors":"M Demeyere, A Dufourni, L-M Verhaeghe, I Vernemmen, T De Backer, G van Loon, A Decloedt","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2026.06.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2026.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objectives: </strong>Mitral valve regurgitation (MR) is frequently detected in horses, but its classification and prognostication remain challenging. This study investigated whether auscultatory findings and left atrial function are associated with MR severity.</p><p><strong>Animals, materials and methods: </strong>Fifty controls (no/trivial MR) and 101 MR horses (58 mild, 36 moderate, seven severe) were retrospectively evaluated. All were in sinus rhythm and underwent auscultation and echocardiography. Mitral regurgitation severity was graded using a scoring system. Systolic murmur characteristics (duration, type and grade) were recorded. Left atrial function was quantified measuring left atrial fractional area change and left atrial and ventricular tissue Doppler indices. Statistics included analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis, chi-square, Spearman's rho and Cohen's weighted kappa tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A positive association was found between MR severity and left-sided systolic murmur intensity (P < 0.001) and duration (P < 0.001), and between left-sided systolic murmur duration and largest jet duration on ultrasound (P < 0.001). Left atrial fractional area change decreased with increasing MR severity (P < 0.001). Myocardial velocity of the left atrial and ventricular free wall during atrial contraction showed non-significant differences between groups [P = 0.573 and P = 0.039 (within F-test; P ≥ 0.073 after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons)].</p><p><strong>Study limitations: </strong>Study limitations included the absence of a gold standard for equine MR classification and few severe MR horses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although auscultation gives an indication about MR severity, echocardiography remains necessary to accurately diagnose MR and determine jet characteristics. Except for left atrial fractional area change, left atrial functional variables did not seem to be associated with MR severity in horses.</p>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acquired aortic and mitral stenosis characterized by valvular fibroelastosis in a dog.","authors":"A Climent-Pastor, M Tursi, P Sebastián-Marcos, D Casamián-Sorrosal","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2026.06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2026.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Left-sided congestive heart failure was diagnosed in a 2.6-kg 13-year-old neutered male Yorkshire terrier by compatible clinical signs and findings on thoracic radiographs. Echocardiography revealed left atrium enlargement, left ventricular concentric hypertrophy, and thickening and stenosis of the mitral and aortic valves (AVs). A hypercoagulable state, chronic kidney disease, and a portal vein thrombus were identified. Medical management and balloon valvuloplasty of the AV provided good quality of life for nine months since diagnosis, but ultimately, recurrent episodes of pulmonary oedema and acute kidney injury led to attempted mitral balloon valvuloplasty which resulted in cardiac arrest and death. Postmortem examination revealed thickening of the mitral and aortic leaflets with loss of normal stratification and the presence of large areas of fibroelastic tissue and accumulation of myxoid tissue. Hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes was also observed and was considered secondary to aortic stenosis and not due to primary myocardial disease. Histopathological examination revealed fibroelastic changes affecting both the mitral valve and AV leaflets. These findings were considered atypical for more common forms of acquired valvular disease. This case report describes the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, interventional management, and pathological features of an unusual case of acquired combined aortic and mitral stenosis in a dog and discusses similarities and differences with other conditions associated with comparable valvular abnormalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148399512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal title page and editorial board","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1760-2734(26)00055-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1760-2734(26)00055-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"65 ","pages":"Page i"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148452459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac computed tomography of the canine mitral and tricuspid valves.","authors":"Brian A Scansen","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2026.05.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2026.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiac computed tomography (cCT) has emerged as a valuable imaging modality in veterinary cardiology and can be used to visualize and understand diseases that affect the mitral and tricuspid valves of dogs. While echocardiography remains the primary diagnostic tool for atrioventricular valve disease, cCT offers excellent spatial and temporal resolution, at the same time overcoming the limitations posed by acoustic windows. This review article describes the technical aspects of cCT in dogs emphasizing administration of contrast medium, electrocardiographic gating, and scan timing. Specific recommendations and protocols for imaging the atrioventricular valves in dogs are discussed. Clinical applications for cCT of the atrioventricular valves include evaluation of congenital malformations, such as dysplasia and stenosis, and assessment of acquired conditions like degenerative valve disease and neoplasia. Cardiac CT enables precise visualization of valve anatomy, chamber volumes, and may assist in postprocedural evaluations for transcatheter device placement and surgical implant integrity. Advanced postprocessing techniques - such as volume rendering, virtual reality, and three-dimensional printing - enhance anatomical understanding and procedural planning. Cardiac CT is a transformative tool in veterinary cardiology, offering unparalleled anatomical and functional insights. As mechanical therapies for atrioventricular valve disease become more common in veterinary practice, cCT is likely to become a required tool for pre procedural planning as it has been in human medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148220423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}