Journal of Veterinary Cardiology最新文献

{"title":"Slow ventricular response atrial fibrillation and J wave in a hypothermic dog","authors":"I. Apolloni,&nbsp;S. Crosara,&nbsp;S. Oricco,&nbsp;C. Quintavalla","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 9-year-old, outdoors, Italian hound dog was referred for severe hypothermia that had occurred after vomiting and diarrhea. At presentation, the electrocardiogram showed a slow ventricular response atrial fibrillation with an instantaneous heart rate ranging from 20 to 115 beats/min. The QRS complexes were mildly enlarged and followed by a J wave. The QT interval was prolonged (360 msec). Multiple wide QRS complexes with various bizarre morphologies, either singular or in couples, indicative of ventricular ectopic beats, were also observed. The dog was hospitalized and actively rewarmed; the rhythm spontaneously converted to sinus rhythm with respiratory sinus arrhythmia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 68-71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of heart rate measurements obtained from smartphone electrocardiography as compared to 24-h Holter monitoring in dogs with atrial fibrillation","authors":"T. Gunasekaran,&nbsp;S. Prabhakar,&nbsp;R.A. Sanders","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of smartphone electrocardiogram (ECG) to estimate heart rate (HR) in dogs with atrial fibrillation (AF) and assess its agreement with the 24-h mean HR obtained from continuous ambulatory electrocardiography (Holter monitoring).</div></div><div><h3>Animals, Materials and Methods</h3><div>Eleven dogs were fitted with a Holter monitor, while owners recorded 5-min ECGs using smartphone application–based electrodes, both attached and manually placed. Recordings were analyzed for the application’s QRS detection accuracy. Bland-Altman and bias plots compared smartphone-derived HR with Holter-derived HR. Receiver operating characteristic analysis assessed the smartphone ECG’s ability to differentiate between 24-h mean HRs above or below 125 beats per min (bpm).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The smartphone ECG underestimated HR due to undersensing of QRS complexes by a mean of 7.15 bpm (standard deviation = 22.13) for the attached electrode and 2.6 bpm (standard deviation = 6.09) for the manually placed electrode. Bland-Altman analysis showed poor agreement, with a differential bias of −34.69 bpm (95% confidence interval = −73.25, 3.86) and proportional bias of 1.25 bpm (95% confidence interval = 0.988, 1.50). Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified a smartphone HR threshold of 122.5 bpm with 100% sensitivity and 99.96% specificity for distinguishing 24-h mean HRs above or below 125 bpm.</div></div><div><h3>Study Limitations</h3><div>The limitations of this study were the small sample size of large-breed dogs and limited generalizability to all AF etiologies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Smartphone ECG underestimated HR in dogs with AF and showed poor agreement with Holter-derived HR. However, it may help identify dogs with 24-h mean HR above or below 125 bpm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 60-67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of the subcostal view for obtaining aortic spectral Doppler-derived outflow velocities in cats","authors":"E. Korzybska,&nbsp;F. Edgerton,&nbsp;S.-A. Dickson,&nbsp;D. Shaw,&nbsp;Y.M. Pereira,&nbsp;M.I. Oliveira,&nbsp;G. Culshaw,&nbsp;R. Blake","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/Objectives</h3><div>In dogs and foals, spectral Doppler-derived aortic outflow velocities (AVs) obtained from the subcostal (SC) view provide higher values than the left parasternal apical five-chamber (LAp) view. In cats, use of the SC view for obtaining AV has not been reported. The aim of the study was to compare AV from SC and LAp views, assess the impact of patient and echocardiographic variables on the difference and confirm the feasibility of obtaining the SC view in cats. The authors hypothesised that the SC view would be well tolerated and provide higher AV.</div></div><div><h3>Animals, Materials and Methods</h3><div>This was a prospective, single-centre, observational study in cats referred for echocardiography. Standard echocardiographic studies were performed that included Lap-derived AV and, where feasible, those from the SC view. Patient compliance, ease of attainment and need for sedation were recorded. Aortic velocities obtained from both views were compared. The influences of patient and echocardiographic variables on the differences in AV were determined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ninety-three cats were enrolled in the study. Eight cats were excluded due to incomplete data. The final analysis included 85 cats. Most cats (81%) tolerated the SC view. Subcostal AVs were greater than LAp velocities by 0.18 m/s (confidence interval ± 1.25 m/s; P&lt;0.005). Sedation, heart rate, body condition score, bodyweight, aorto-septal angle and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) did not influence the differences between views.</div></div><div><h3>Study Limitations</h3><div>The study limitations included involvement of only a single-centre, subjective analysis of patients’ tolerance, non-standardised sedation protocol, probe frequency and size and a small number of cats included with moderate and severe LVOTO, other cardiac conditions, or receiving treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Aortic velocities derived from the SC view were greater than those from the LAp view in cats. The SC view was well tolerated and may offer a more accurate assessment of LVOTO severity in some cats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 132-140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital partial pericardial defect affecting the right ventricle in a dog","authors":"K. Sugimoto ,&nbsp;K. Sasaki ,&nbsp;S. Yamamoto ,&nbsp;M. Yonemaru ,&nbsp;N. Shimada ,&nbsp;K. Kutara ,&nbsp;J. Hiroma","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 1.8-year-old, 7.7-kg male mixed-breed dog was examined before castration surgery. Thoracic radiographs showed a prominent bulging of the cardiac silhouette. Echocardiography revealed a partial absence of the bright pericardial signal in the right ventricular outflow tract. Fluoroscopy revealed a bulging pulsating sac anterior to the right ventricular outflow tract. On contrast-enhanced computed tomography, a balloon-shaped right ventricular lumen protruding in the cranial direction was seen on the cranial side of the right ventricle near the pulmonary infundibulum. Accordingly, right ventricular herniation due to a partial pericardial defect was diagnosed. This report describes cardiac computed tomography in dogs with right ventricular pericardial defects; our findings highlight the usefulness of fluoroscopic examination in diagnosing pericardial defects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 31-34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144878120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histological evidence of myxomatous tissue in a Labrador puppy with pulmonic stenosis and tricuspid valve dysplasia","authors":"J. Schoebel ,&nbsp;G. Wess ,&nbsp;M. Tursi","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A six-week-old Labrador retriever was presented for lethargy and anorexia, revealing a systolic heart murmur. Tricuspid valve dysplasia involving the whole tricuspid valve apparatus and the right ventricular wall was found, and an additional pulmonic stenosis was present. Histopathological examination of the tricuspid and pulmonary leaflets highlighted an unusual myxomatous mesenchymal component, interpreted as being of ontogenetic origin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 45-51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal title page and editorial board","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1760-2734(25)00068-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1760-2734(25)00068-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Page i"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144725001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular images: parachute mitral valve in a cat","authors":"E. Nijveldt,&nbsp;A. Stavri,&nbsp;K. Schober","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A six-month-old intact female domestic shorthair cat was presented to the Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center for further evaluation of a heart murmur. On echocardiography, a large, left-to-right shunting ventricular septal defect was identified. There was evidence of severe left heart volume overload, increased pulmonary artery flow and tricuspid regurgitation velocities, mild mitral regurgitation, and left-sided congestive heart failure. The presence of relative pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary hypertension, and a mitral valve malformation were suspected, but further echocardiographic characterization was not attempted at the time due to the fractious nature of the cat. The cat presented a month later for pulmonary artery banding as palliative treatment for the ventricular septal defect. On subsequent recheck echocardiograms, four weeks and three months later, the presence of mitral valve dysplasia with a parachute mitral valve was observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"61 ","pages":"Pages 62-65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interobserver repeatability of interventricular septal wall measurements in cats","authors":"A. Pires ,&nbsp;W. Sears ,&nbsp;S. Raheb ,&nbsp;S. Fonfara","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Clinically, echocardiography is the gold standard test for diagnosing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats. Low interobserver variability for echocardiographic measurements has generally been reported in the literature. We hypothesized that interobserver variability is high when measuring the interventricular septum (IVS) thickness in cats.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>Echocardiographic right-sided parasternal left ventricular (LV) outflow tract views from four cats with different LV morphologies were selected. Five measurements of the IVS in each picture were performed by 29 veterinary cardiologists and cardiology residents from different institutions. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was applied for data analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Interobserver repeatability was poor for the base of the IVS (partial ICC: 0.4) and moderate for the rest of the IVS (partial ICC: 0.6). A range of 0.7 mm between the lower and upper limits of measurements was found for each picture and region of the IVS. Around 27% of variance in measurements was associated with training location (country), whereas around 73% of the variance was attributable to the observer.</div></div><div><h3>Study Limitations</h3><div>Study limitations included the use of still pictures and assessment of one echocardiographic parameter only.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>As hypothesized, the interobserver repeatability of IVS measurements using the right-sided parasternal LV outflow tract view in cats was poor to moderate. This finding is relevant when comparing and interpreting measurements obtained by different observers. Additionally, the influence of training location may need to be considered when interpreting results of variability studies involving observers from the same facility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 17-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Veterinary echocardiographers’ preferences for image selection, timing, and caliper placement for left atrial two-dimensional size assessment in dogs: the BENEFIT project","authors":"M.Y.-W. Kuo ,&nbsp;M. Dirven ,&nbsp;J. Häggström ,&nbsp;S.G. Gordon ,&nbsp;K. Höglund ,&nbsp;E. Côté ,&nbsp;T.-L. Lu ,&nbsp;M. Rishniw ,&nbsp;Y.-W. Hung ,&nbsp;I. Ljungvall","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate veterinary echocardiographers’ preferences for assessing left atrial (LA) size in dogs using linear two-dimensional echocardiography, focusing on image selection, timing, caliper placement, and thresholds used for LA enlargement. A secondary aim was to explore the impact of experience and training on echocardiographers' linear two-dimensional measurements of LA size in dogs.</div></div><div><h3>Animals, Materials and Methods</h3><div>A global online study was conducted, asking veterinary echocardiographers to measure LA size using static echocardiographic images.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 533 echocardiographers (63% non-specialists and 37% specialists, of which 43% were cardiology board certified) completed the study. Most echocardiographers (86%, n = 459/533) used a right parasternal short-axis (RPSAX) view for LA and aortic (Ao) measurements. Of these, 57% (n = 261/459) favored the same image angulation for performing measurements and 76% (n = 351/459) timed measurements at end-systole/early-diastole. Caliper placement near pulmonary venous inlets impacted their LA dimension measurements the most. Thirty-nine percent (n = 207/533) used right parasternal long-axis (RPLAX) views. The upper limit for LA enlargement varied across all commonly used methods. Training and experience level influenced interobserver variation for LA dimension measurements obtained from a RPLAX four-chamber view, but not from a RPSAX view.</div></div><div><h3>Study Limitations</h3><div>Static images may not reflect real-time clinical settings or allow precise identification of anatomical structures.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The RPSAX view was most favored for LA size assessment in dogs, but variations existed in image selection, timing, caliper placement, and threshold used for LA enlargement. Training and experience level influenced interobserver variation in LA dimension measurements obtained from a RPLAX four-chamber view.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time to refractory congestive heart failure in cats presenting with pleural effusion vs. pulmonary edema","authors":"K.M. Buchanan,&nbsp;R.C. Fries,&nbsp;S. Kadotani","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/Objectives</h3><div>Cats with left-sided congestive heart failure (CHF) usually present with pleural effusion and/or pulmonary edema. We compared time to refractory CHF and survival time between pleural effusion and pulmonary edema in cats with various cardiomyopathies.</div></div><div><h3>Animals, Material and Methods</h3><div>A total of 125 cats with CHF presenting as predominantly pleural effusion (n = 73) or pulmonary edema (n = 52) were included in this study. Medical records of cats presenting with CHF between 2013 and 2022 were evaluated retrospectively. Refractory CHF was defined as one requiring greater than 6 mg/kg/day of furosemide or introduction of torsemide. Signalment, underlying cardiomyopathy, the presence of pleural effusion or pulmonary edema, echocardiographic measurements at the time of CHF diagnosis, medications, comorbidities, time to refractory CHF, and survival time were recorded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The median survival time was significantly shorter (P=0.0002) for cats with pleural effusion (155 days; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 11–199 days) than for those with pulmonary edema (234 days; 95% CI: 177–509 days). Median time to refractory CHF was significantly shorter (P=0.0003) for cats with pleural effusion (44 days; 95 % CI: 32–67 days) than for those with pulmonary edema (133 days; 95% CI: 90–233 days). Pleural effusion significantly influenced time to refractory CHF (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.16–4.62; P=0.022) and median survival time (HR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.06–3.40; P=0.029) in the multivariable models.</div></div><div><h3>Study Limitations</h3><div>The limitations of this study were therapeutic recommendations not standardized and quantification of pleural effusion and fluid analysis not available for all cats.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this study sample, cats with pleural effusion have a reduced time to refractory CHF and survival times compared to cats with pulmonary edema.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 52-59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}