Journal of Veterinary Cardiology最新文献

{"title":"Spectral Doppler of aortic and carotid blood flow in horses with aortic valve regurgitation","authors":"A. Dufourni,&nbsp;M. Demeyere,&nbsp;L. Vera,&nbsp;G. van Loon,&nbsp;A. Decloedt","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to compare two-dimensional, M-mode, color, pulsed wave Doppler (PWD) and continuous wave Doppler (CWD) echocardiography, and PWD ultrasonography of the caudal common carotid artery (CCA) in horses with aortic regurgitation (AR).</div></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><div>Warmblood horses without (n = 20) and with mild, moderate, and severe AR (n = 60) were included in the study.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A retrospective descriptive study focused on cardiac dimensions, aortic and CCA Doppler flow. Non-invasive blood pressure and presence of ventricular arrhythmia were recorded. Groups were compared using analysis of variance, chi-square, Spearman's rho, and Kruskal-Wallis tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Maximal aortic antegrade flow velocity was higher in horses with moderate and severe AR than in normal horses and higher in those with severe AR than in those with mild AR (P &lt; 0.001). Mean (standard deviation) antegrade CCA flow velocities (m/s) were 0.9 (0.3) in normal horses and 1.0 (0.2), 1.2 (0.3), and 1.5 (0.4) in horses with mild, moderate, and severe AR, respectively. Retrograde mid-to-end diastolic pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonography of the common carotid artery (PWD-CCA) flow occurred in horses with moderate (6/20) and severe (13/20) AR. The presence of pathologic retrograde PWD-CCA flow was associated with presence of increased left ventricular dimensions and pulse pressures &gt;60 mmHg. The CWD regurgitant jet pressure half-time failed to differentiate between AR severity grades.</div></div><div><h3>Study Limitations</h3><div>The limitations of this study included retrospective design with missing values, AR classification system not validated by longitudinal follow-up, and CCA retrograde velocities &lt;10 cm/s not measured.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonography of the common carotid artery identifies moderate and severe AR in horses with hemodynamic overload. Presence of retrograde PWD-CCA flow was associated with moderate and severe AR and with left ventricular dilation. Quantification of CWD pressure half-time appeared unreliable for AR severity assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Pages 55-67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ventricular tachycardia as the main manifestation of primary cardiac lymphoma in a dog","authors":"G. Romito ,&nbsp;L. Marconato ,&nbsp;M.E. Turba ,&nbsp;M. Morini","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An 11-year-old cocker spaniel was referred with a one-day history of lethargy. Upon presentation, cardiac auscultation revealed a tachyarrhythmia. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography with concurrent electrocardiographic tracing showed biventricular systolic dysfunction, mild left atrial dilation, functional mitral and tricuspid regurgitations, and sustained wide-complex monomorphic tachycardia (heart rate: 330 beats per minute), primarily consistent with ventricular tachycardia. Laboratory test results were unremarkable, except for an elevated serum concentration of cardiac troponin I (2.84 ng/mL). Initially, despite the intravenous administration of lidocaine and esmolol, cardioversion was not achieved. Oral amiodarone was subsequently added to the antiarrhythmic protocol, resulting in the restoration of sinus rhythm, followed by an improvement in the dog's clinical condition and biventricular systolic function on repeated echocardiographic examination. Accordingly, the dog was discharged from the hospital on amiodarone therapy. However, four days later, the dog returned with a relapse of symptomatic ventricular tachycardia. Despite prompt management, the dog succumbed to the progression of ventricular tachycardia into ventricular fibrillation. Interestingly, although repeated echocardiographic examinations did not reveal abnormalities suggesting a cardiac tumor, macroscopic and histological findings led to the diagnosis of primary cardiac lymphoma of T-cell origin. This case contributes to the currently limited scientific literature on primary cardiac lymphoma in dogs. Moreover, it contributes to raising awareness among veterinary cardiologists about the potential limitations of two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography in detecting cardiac lymphoma in dogs, as well as the possible arrhythmogenic role of this rare condition in the species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Pages 47-54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative methods for evaluation of mitral regurgitation severity in canine degenerative mitral valve disease","authors":"B. Del Nero,&nbsp;B.M. Potter,&nbsp;L.C. Visser,&nbsp;B.A. Scansen,&nbsp;E.C. Orton","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/objectives</h3><div>Quantitative assessment of mitral regurgitation (MR) severity has become increasingly important as procedural therapies for MR reduction become available. This study aimed to obtain quantitative measures of MR severity across stages of degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) and evaluate agreement between two echocardiographic methods.</div></div><div><h3>Animals, materials and methods</h3><div>Fifty-one client-owned dogs were included across three DMVD stages (ACVIM B1, B2, and C). Regurgitant volume (RVol) and fraction (RF) were measured on echocardiograms prospectively acquired by a single cardiologist using volumetric (using Simpson's method of discs) and proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) methods. Results were compared across stages. Agreement between methods over the range of MR severity was determined by Bland–Altman analyses. Intra- and inter-observer measurement variability assessments were performed via intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Median differences (25th percentile, 75th percentile) for volumetric and PISA-derived RVol and RF were as follows, respectively: B1:0.19 mL/kg (−0.02 mL/kg, 0.25 mL/kg), 13.6% (−2.17%, 20.6%); B2:1.49 mL/kg (1.09 mL/kg, 2.12 mL/kg), 55.6% (45.0%, 70.5%); C:2.72 mL/kg (1.76 mL/kg, 3.13 mL/kg), 67.2% (61.8%, 78.5%); B1:0.39 mL/kg (0.22 mL/kg, 0.69 mL/kg), 34.3% (19.0%, 56.1%); B2:1.67 mL/kg (1.33 mL/kg, 2.15 mL/kg), 58.8% (49.8%, 73.9%); C:3.1 mL/kg (1.91 mL/kg, 3.57 mL/kg), 75.2% (66.4%, 92.0%). All were different (P&lt;0.0001) across stages. There was no proportional bias for RVol or RF (P=0.79, P=54). Intra- and inter-observer variability assessments showed ICC greater than 0.75 except PISA RF.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Measures of MR severity correlate with disease stage, although their accuracy remains unknown. Volumetric and PISA methods are not interchangeable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Pages 38-46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143139188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative transcatheter intervention for pulmonary valve stenosis: multicenter collaborative study across pediatric and veterinary cardiology centers","authors":"L.E. Markovic ,&nbsp;B.A. Scansen ,&nbsp;G. Hiremath ,&nbsp;H.B. Kellihan ,&nbsp;S.S. Tjostheim ,&nbsp;C. Calkins ,&nbsp;K.M. Hodges ,&nbsp;E. Cahill ,&nbsp;B. Tainter ,&nbsp;M. Carter ,&nbsp;D.W. Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/objectives</h3><div>Transcatheter therapeutics have revolutionized treatment of pulmonary valve stenosis (PS). Further understanding of PS intervention may help improve outcomes for different species. This study describes characteristics and immediate outcomes in children and dogs undergoing balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (BPV) or transpulmonary stent implantation for congenital PS.</div></div><div><h3>Animals, materials, and methods</h3><div>Multicenter, retrospective review from 2 pediatric and 3 veterinary centers. Demographics, procedural characteristics, and outcomes were assessed. Successful intervention was defined as a 50% reduction in transvalvar pulmonary pressure gradient (PG) within 24 h or final invasive transpulmonary gradient &lt;40 mmHg.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Data (78 children; 165 dogs) from July 2019 to June 2021 were included with BPV performed in 77 children and 145 dogs, and stent implantation in one child and 20 dogs. Stenosis was valvar in 64 children (82%) and 141 dogs (86%; P=0.50). Mean (SD) initial echocardiographic peak PG was higher in dogs [122 mmHg (39) vs. 70 mmHg (22)]. More dogs received beta-blockade at intervention (92% vs. 3%). Congestive heart failure was evident in 14% of dogs but no children. Pulmonary valve annulus diameter and balloon:annulus ratio were smaller in children 8.7 mm (3.4); 1.19 (0.3) vs. dogs 12.6 mm (4.2); 1.28 (0.24). Successful transcatheter intervention was achieved in 84% of dogs and 96% of children (P=0.008).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Valvar PS occurs in both children and dogs, although lesions might not be completely comparable. Preprocedural PG is higher and beta-blockers are more commonly prescribed in dogs. Successful transpulmonary intervention can be achieved in most pediatric and canine patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Pages 26-37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143139189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-excitation alternans in a cat","authors":"L.A. Murphy ,&nbsp;R.K. Nakamura","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A nine-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat presented on referral for evaluation. The cat presented to its primary veterinarian for acute onset vomiting, panting, and weakness. An electrocardiogram performed at the regular veterinarian was concerning for ventricular tachycardia, and the cat was referred for further evaluation. An echocardiogram revealed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and a review of the electrocardiogram revealed findings suggestive of ventricular pre-excitation alternans with the suspect pre-excited complexes appearing to alternate with sinus complexes. This is the first reported case of pre-excitation alternans in a cat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Pages 13-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital isolated left ventricular non-compaction in two juvenile dogs","authors":"D. Ma ,&nbsp;M. Singh ,&nbsp;N. Stander","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two juvenile (five- and 10-month-old), male, neutered, Jack Russel terrier cross dogs, each presented primarily for respiratory signs of varying severity, were included in the study. The first presented for coughing and weakness, and the other presented in respiratory distress. A cardiac murmur was absent in both. Imaging findings were strikingly similar for both dogs. Thoracic radiography revealed severe, disproportionate left atrial dilation with otherwise normal cardiac silhouette shape and size. Echocardiography revealed severe left ventricular mural thickening with hypertrabeculation and marked left atrial enlargement consistent with a diagnosis of congenital, isolated left ventricular non-compaction. Both dogs deteriorated clinically and were humanely euthanised without necropsy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Pages 1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-density versus point-by-point electroanatomical activation mapping of a cranial vena cava tachycardia in a dog","authors":"S. Siess ,&nbsp;L.L. Santistevan ,&nbsp;R.A. Santilli ,&nbsp;W. Hsue","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A seven-year-old, male intact Newfoundland was referred for catheter ablation of supraventricular tachycardia. Activation mapping was performed using an electroanatomical mapping system to visualize the activation wavefront in a color-coded fashion on an anatomical shell. Atrial flutter with an early-meets-late signal (i.e., suspected isthmus) at the cranial vena cava was most suspected, but could not be targeted due to overlap with the phrenic nerve. On follow-up, a more complete high-density map better outlined the suspected circuit and substrate of cranial vena cava flutter. Compared to point-by-point catheters, high-density mapping catheters enhance identification and annotation of low-amplitude electrogram signals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Pages 7-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Echocardiographic classification of dogs with aortic stenosis: potential utility of a novel staging system","authors":"W. Davis ,&nbsp;A. Francis ,&nbsp;K. Borgeat","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Severity of aortic stenosis (AS) in humans is classified using a staging system based on two-dimensional echocardiographic changes, which considers the extent of global cardiac damage. Currently, classification of canine AS is based on trans-aortic pressure gradient (PG) alone. This study aimed to retrospectively classify dogs with AS based on an adapted human staging system, exploring feasibility of classification and the association between stage and features such as PG and clinical signs.</div></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><div>This study included 87 client-owned dogs.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Clinical and echocardiographic data were retrieved from computerised records. Dogs were classified according to a modified human staging system (stages: 0/1/2+). Descriptive statistics were explored. Differences in signalment, PG, and clinical signs between stages were evaluated using appropriate statistical tests. Significance was identified if P&lt;0.05 after correction for multiple comparisons.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Forty-one dogs were classified as stage 0, 36 as stage 1, and 10 as stage 2+<em>.</em> No difference in signalment or weight was identified between stages. Dogs classified as stage 2+ were more likely to have clinical signs than those in stages 0 or 1 (50% vs. 7% [P=0.004] and 17% [P=0.043], respectively) and had a higher PG than dogs in stage 0 (90 mmHg [35–143 mmHg] vs. 25 mmHg [18–182 mmHg], P=0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study presents an alternative way to classify dogs with AS. Data support further study of the staging system to compare whether or not this classification has additional value over assessment of PG alone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Pages 17-25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142928479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal title page and editorial board","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1760-2734(24)00118-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1760-2734(24)00118-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Page i"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143160455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Echocardiographic estimates of stroke volume in healthy dogs: comparability, reference intervals, and reproducibility","authors":"K.E. Davis ,&nbsp;L.C. Visser ,&nbsp;J.A. Boon ,&nbsp;E.S. Ross ,&nbsp;J.N. Sankisov ,&nbsp;A.C. Laws","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>: This study aimed to compare estimates of stroke volume (SV) from different anatomic sites and to generate reference intervals for indices such as shunt volume (ShuntVol) or regurgitant volume (RegVol) in a large sample of healthy dogs.</div></div><div><h3>Animals, Materials and Methods</h3><div>Ninety healthy dogs underwent an echocardiogram, where SV was assessed at the level of the pulmonary valve (SV_PV), aortic valve (SV_AV), mitral valve (SV_MV), and left ventricle using the difference in end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume from a right parasternal long-axis four-chamber view (SV_{LV_RPLx}) and left apical four-chamber view (SV_{LV_Ap4Ch}). Eight dogs underwent repeated echocardiograms by the same operator on three different days and by three different operators on the same day. Bland–Altman plots and 95% reference intervals were generated. Reproducibility was described using coefficients of variation and reproducibility coefficients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean differences (95% limits of agreement) for ShuntVol (SV_PV-SV_AV), RegVol_{LV_RPLx} (SV_{LV_RPLx}-SV_AV), RegVol_{LV_Ap4Ch} (SV_{LV_Ap4Ch}-SV_AV), and RegVol_MV (SV_MV-SV_AV) were as follows: −0.14 (−0.72, 0.44), −0.05 (−0.59, 0.48), −0.16 (−0.71, 0.39), and 0.12 (−0.76, 1.00) mL/kg, respectively. All but RegVol_{LV_RPLx} showed significant (P&lt;0.01) fixed bias. Reference intervals for ShuntVol, RegVol_{LV_RPLx}, RegVol_{LV_Ap4Ch}, and RegVol_MV were as follows: −0.85-0.64, −0.65-0.58, −0.77-0.52, and −0.91-1.06 mL/kg, respectively. Intra-operator and interoperator coefficients of variation were lowest for SV_AV and highest for SV_MV and SV_{LV_AP4Ch}.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Echocardiographic estimates of SV are not interchangeable and can exhibit wide limits of agreement. Reference intervals help provide a frame of reference to assess disease severity in dogs with a shunting lesion (ShuntVol) and mitral regurgitation (RegVol).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 27-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}