Journal of Veterinary Cardiology最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of combination cardiac supplements available in the United States for dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease.","authors":"W Bousquet, J E Rush, L M Freeman","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.12.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2025.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to compare the ingredients, doses, potential safety concerns, and marketing of canine combination cardiac (CCC) supplements currently available in the United States for dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD).</p><p><strong>Animals, materials and methods: </strong>Searches were conducted to identify CCC supplements marketed for MMVD, other cardiac diseases, or cardiac health/support. The companies' official websites were reviewed for details about the ingredients, doses of each ingredient, safety warnings, supporting information, prices, and marketing claims.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At least 147 different active ingredients were included in the 60 CCC supplements that were included in this study. The number of active ingredients in the products ranged from two to 32 (median = seven). Many of the products did not include enough information to determine ingredient doses, but when it could be calculated, very few of the products reached commonly recommended doses of the most frequently included ingredients (taurine, l-carnitine, coenzyme Q10, or omega-3 fatty acids). Potential concerns with product safety or quality were identified.</p><p><strong>Study limitations: </strong>Data were recorded from official website information and label photographs from companies' official websites, and CCC products were not purchased to review the labels directly. In addition, supplements were not analyzed to verify the companies' claims of active ingredients and their amounts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results demonstrate the wide variety of CCC supplements marketed to dogs with MMVD and other cardiac diseases, as well as the large number of ingredients that have potential safety concerns, possible drug-supplement interactions, suboptimal doses, or limited supportive evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146044388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-year echocardiographic follow-up and two-year survival in 111 dogs undergoing mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair.","authors":"B M Potter, E C Orton, B A Scansen, K M Abbott-Johnson, L Tantisuwat, S Arai, L C Visser, J D Bonagura","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.12.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2025.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objectives: </strong>Short-term results of mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) with the canine V-Clamp device have been promising; however, longer-term outcome data are needed. This prospective study evaluated survival and echocardiographic outcomes in dogs with severe mitral regurgitation (MR) following TEER performed at one referral center.</p><p><strong>Animals, materials and methods: </strong>Dogs in American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine stages B2, C, and D meeting criteria for severe MR were treated by TEER. The procedure was performed via transapical approach and guided by transesophageal echocardiography and fluoroscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred eleven dogs underwent TEER between January 2021 and January 2025. Technical feasibility for placing one clamp was 97.3%, with a single clamp placed in 80 of 108 / (74%) and two clamps placed in 28 of 108 (26%) dogs. In-hospital mortality was 6.3%, and 3-month survival was 86.4%. Freedom from all-cause and cardiac-related mortality was 75% and 80% at one year and 67% and 78% at two years, respectively. Mean (standard deviation) regurgitant fraction decreased from 60.6 (13.3)% to 35 (23)% post procedure and was 30.7 (24.1)% at one year. Normalized left ventricular diastolic dimension decreased from 2.07 (0.24) to 1.84 (0.3) and short-axis left atrial-to-aortic ratio decreased from 2.31 (0.41) to 2.08 (0.45) immediately post procedure; these variables remained decreased at 1.79 (0.28) and 1.94 (0.46), respectively, at 1-year follow-up (P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Study limitations: </strong>Follow-up echocardiograms were obtained by multiple centers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intermediate outcomes after TEER demonstrated a likely benefit in dogs with severe MR as adjunct to medical therapy. Future goals include improving consistency of MR reduction, decreasing procedural complications through experience and refined case selection, and prospectively comparing to medical therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145946591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time to refractory congestive heart failure in cats presenting with pleural effusion vs. pulmonary edema","authors":"K.M. Buchanan,&nbsp;R.C. Fries,&nbsp;S. Kadotani","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/Objectives</h3><div>Cats with left-sided congestive heart failure (CHF) usually present with pleural effusion and/or pulmonary edema. We compared time to refractory CHF and survival time between pleural effusion and pulmonary edema in cats with various cardiomyopathies.</div></div><div><h3>Animals, Material and Methods</h3><div>A total of 125 cats with CHF presenting as predominantly pleural effusion (n = 73) or pulmonary edema (n = 52) were included in this study. Medical records of cats presenting with CHF between 2013 and 2022 were evaluated retrospectively. Refractory CHF was defined as one requiring greater than 6 mg/kg/day of furosemide or introduction of torsemide. Signalment, underlying cardiomyopathy, the presence of pleural effusion or pulmonary edema, echocardiographic measurements at the time of CHF diagnosis, medications, comorbidities, time to refractory CHF, and survival time were recorded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The median survival time was significantly shorter (P=0.0002) for cats with pleural effusion (155 days; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 11–199 days) than for those with pulmonary edema (234 days; 95% CI: 177–509 days). Median time to refractory CHF was significantly shorter (P=0.0003) for cats with pleural effusion (44 days; 95 % CI: 32–67 days) than for those with pulmonary edema (133 days; 95% CI: 90–233 days). Pleural effusion significantly influenced time to refractory CHF (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.16–4.62; P=0.022) and median survival time (HR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.06–3.40; P=0.029) in the multivariable models.</div></div><div><h3>Study Limitations</h3><div>The limitations of this study were therapeutic recommendations not standardized and quantification of pleural effusion and fluid analysis not available for all cats.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this study sample, cats with pleural effusion have a reduced time to refractory CHF and survival times compared to cats with pulmonary edema.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 52-59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal title page and editorial board","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1760-2734(25)00123-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1760-2734(25)00123-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Page i"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective review of the use of hydrochlorothiazide in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease and refractory congestive heart failure (American College of Veterinary Cardiology stage D)","authors":"A. Boscia ,&nbsp;A. Galizzi ,&nbsp;M. Caccia ,&nbsp;V. Caroli ,&nbsp;G. Ortiz Diez ,&nbsp;R. Toschi Corneliani ,&nbsp;I. Spalla","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/Objectives</h3><div>In dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) stage D, hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) can be added to achieve sequential nephron blockade. Information on outcome, survival, and complications in this group of patients receiving HCTZ is limited, hence the aim of the present retrospective observational, longitudinal study.</div></div><div><h3>Animals, Materials and Methods</h3><div>A single-referral-center cohort study was conducted; 25 dogs diagnosed with MMVD stage D receiving HCTZ as part of multimodal treatment of refractory congestive heart failure were included in the study. Data retrieved included cardiac treatment at T0 (when HCTZ was first prescribed) and subsequent visits, available bloodwork, echocardiographic assessment, additional diagnostics, cause of death, and survival time.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean starting dose of HCTZ was 0.8 mg/kg every 48 h, with progressive increases (latest mean recorded HCTZ dose: 1.5 mg/kg/day). Azotemia was identified in three dogs at T0 and in 11 dogs following HCTZ addition. Three dogs experienced clinically relevant side effects, resulting in discontinuation of HCTZ in one dog. Twenty dogs died, the majority due to cardiac disease (90). Median survival time of the cohort was 268 days.</div></div><div><h3>Study Limitations</h3><div>Limitations of this study included the retrospective nature of the study and small sample size.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Although associated with an increase in renal parameters, HCTZ addition at the study dosages appeared clinically tolerated in most dogs with MMVD ACVIM stage D, with a prolonged median survival time for dogs in ACVIM stage D.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 152-163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145356531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Echocardiographic description of shunt volume in dogs with patent ductus arteriosus","authors":"L.S. Köster ,&nbsp;A.B. Asbury ,&nbsp;C.M. Springer","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/Objectives</h3><div>Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) can have a variable clinical course. The aims of this study were to describe Doppler estimates of shunt volume and their association with clinical and echocardiographic abnormalities.</div></div><div><h3>Animals, Materials and Methods</h3><div>Dogs with a diagnosis of a PDA on echocardiography were included in this study. Signalment, clinical signs, Doppler estimates of shunt volume, and outcome were collected from medical records (June 2020 and 2023) and examined for statistical associations. Groups included hemodynamically insignificant, incidental left-to-right (LR) shunt, left-to-right shunt with congestive heart failure (LCHF), and pulmonary hypertension (PH).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most dogs had standard LR shunts (76%), 4/4 heart murmur (69%), closing Doppler pattern characterized by—continuous LR shunting and high velocity (71%), and a color flow Doppler pattern—extending to the pulmonic valve (51%). Larger left ventricular chambers and normalized color flow Doppler width (CFDw) (P=0.023) were found in clinical as compared to asymptomatic dogs. Transmitral peak E (E), left ventricular outflow tract velocities, and color flow Doppler pixilation percent fill of the main pulmonary artery (CFD%) were correlated with left chamber dimensions. The LCHF group had a larger CFDw than the LR shunt group (P=0.009), which in turn was larger than that of the PH group (P=0.004). The mean CFD% was larger in the LCHF group (P=0.008) than in the LR-shunt group.</div></div><div><h3>Study Limitations</h3><div>The retrospective data collection limited standardization of image acquisition. Applicability is further limited by lack of intra-observer and interobserver variability analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Doppler measures of shunt volume in dogs with PDA include E- and left ventricular outflow tract velocities, CFDw, and CFD%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 118-131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histological evidence of myxomatous tissue in a Labrador puppy with pulmonic stenosis and tricuspid valve dysplasia","authors":"J. Schoebel ,&nbsp;G. Wess ,&nbsp;M. Tursi","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A six-week-old Labrador retriever was presented for lethargy and anorexia, revealing a systolic heart murmur. Tricuspid valve dysplasia involving the whole tricuspid valve apparatus and the right ventricular wall was found, and an additional pulmonic stenosis was present. Histopathological examination of the tricuspid and pulmonary leaflets highlighted an unusual myxomatous mesenchymal component, interpreted as being of ontogenetic origin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 45-51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidentally identified aortic dissection in a Great Pyrenees dog","authors":"H. Melhorn ,&nbsp;M. Sha ,&nbsp;M. Kurihara ,&nbsp;K. Megquier ,&nbsp;R. Aronson ,&nbsp;V. Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A two-year-old female spayed Great Pyrenees dog was presented for an echocardiogram after a dilated aortic root and ascending aorta were found on a routine echocardiogram examination one year prior. A suspected aortic dissection was detected on the recheck echocardiogram, which was confirmed with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Subsequent genetic sequencing confirmed nucleotide variants of several connective tissue– associated proteins, of which three are known to be associated with connective tissue disorders in humans, including ADAMTS3, ADAMTSL2, and SMAD4. The dog was subclinical at the time of examination and has since been doing well with medical management on carvedilol and exercise restriction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 170-175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145416167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical utility of pharmacological defibrillation using cardioplegic solution during canine mitral valve repair","authors":"K. Kurogochi ,&nbsp;Y. Nii ,&nbsp;A. Chen ,&nbsp;M. Uechi","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/Objectives</h3><div>Reperfusion ventricular fibrillation (VF) commonly occurs during open-heart surgery in dogs and humans. Pharmacological defibrillation using cardioplegia is a potential option; however, the standard technique remains unclear in dogs. We examined the clinical utility of pharmacological defibrillation in canine mitral valve repair.</div></div><div><h3>Animals, Materials, and Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively investigated 402 client-owned dogs that underwent mitral valve repair between January and December 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ventricular fibrillation after cross-clamp release occurred in 70 of 397 cases (17.6%). Pharmacological defibrillation was attempted in 69 patients by administering 40 mEq/L potassium crystalloid cardioplegia via an aortic root catheter. If defibrillation was not achieved or VF recurred, the administration was repeated identically. In all cases, VF resolved after pharmacological defibrillation alone, without electrical defibrillation. Defibrillation was achieved with a single dose in 45 cases (median, 3.90 mL/kg; interquartile range [IQR], 2.95–4.95]), while multiple doses (range: 2–5) were necessary for 24 cases (median initial dose, 3.05 mL/kg [IQR, 2.07–4.14]). Predictors of reperfusion VF included body temperature at cross-clamp release (risk ratio, 0.82 per 1.0 °C) and pre-operative left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole normalized to body weight (risk ratio, 1.11 per 0.1 unit).</div></div><div><h3>Study Limitations</h3><div>The retrospective nature of the study led to variability in personnel, absence of a control group, and limited data availability.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Reperfusion VF occurred in 17.6% of the canine mitral valve repair cases. Pharmacological defibrillation is a feasible option in such cases. Approximately 4.0 mL/kg of cardioplegia was effective for a single dose, whereas lower doses required multiple administrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 35-44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics, echocardiographic findings, and computed tomography angiography in the diagnosis of sinus venosus atrial septal defect with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection in 10 dogs","authors":"A. Chen ,&nbsp;K. Kurogochi ,&nbsp;S. Ono ,&nbsp;M. Uechi","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/Objectives</h3><div>Sinus venosus atrial septal defects (SVASDs) are frequently associated with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections (PAPVCs) in humans, and computed tomography (CT) angiography provides high diagnostic accuracy. However, SVASD with PAPVC has been reported in only a few veterinary cases. This study evaluated CT for a definitive diagnosis and described the clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of dogs with SVASD and PAPVC.</div></div><div><h3>Animals, Materials and Methods</h3><div>Ten dogs diagnosed with SVASD using CT angiography were retrospectively reviewed. Transthoracic echocardiography was used for the initial assessment, and CT angiography confirmed the diagnosis. The clinical characteristics and echocardiographic findings were described.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Transthoracic echocardiography revealed right atrial and ventricular dilation in each dog, with suspected SVASD in seven cases. In the remaining three dogs, echocardiography did not detect the SVASD. Computed tomography angiography identified a defect in the interatrial septum near the cranial vena cava in each case. Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection was confirmed in all dogs, with drainage sites involving the right atrium, the junction with cranial vena cava, or the cranial vena cava. Nine dogs underwent surgical repair, and surgery was not recommended for one dog because of suspected severe pulmonary hypertension.</div></div><div><h3>Study Limitations</h3><div>The small number of cases limited statistical evaluation, and the retrospective design may have introduced bias in echocardiographic assessment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Sinus venosus atrial septal defect in dogs is often accompanied by PAPVC, which was present in 100% of the cases in this group of dogs. Computed tomography proved to be a valuable diagnostic tool, enhancing the sensitivity of identifying SVASD and PAPVC in dogs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 72-84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}