Journal of Veterinary Cardiology最新文献

{"title":"Transcatheter Amplatz canine duct occluder placement for patent ductus arteriosus occlusion: A retrospective analysis of outcomes and complications in 200 dogs","authors":"M. Ciccozzi,&nbsp;C.D. Stauthammer,&nbsp;C. Coats,&nbsp;S. Oberholtzer,&nbsp;A. Masters,&nbsp;E. Gavic,&nbsp;A. Rendahl,&nbsp;A. Tobias","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The Amplatz canine duct occluder (ACDO) is routinely used for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occlusion. Limited data are available on clinical outcomes and success rates with ACDO device placement. This study aimed to determine procedural outcome and complications for PDA occlusion with the ACDO in a large cohort of dogs.</div></div><div><h3>Animals, Materials, and Methods</h3><div>A retrospective study of 200 dogs that underwent ACDO placement for PDA occlusion between March 2007- and September 2023 was conducted. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed prior to occlusion, 24 h after occlusion, and during follow-up recheck visits. Procedural success was defined as successful device placement as determined based on fluoroscopy at the time of the PDA occlusion procedure and survival after the procedure.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Dogs had a median weight of 6.5 kg and required a median device size of 6 mm. At 24 h post- occlusion, 5% of dogs had trivial flow through the device. Persistent trivial flow was noted on recheck in 5.5% of patients with a median follow-up time of 96 days. Minor complications occurred in 2.5% of dogs. Major complications occurred in 4% of dogs including device embolization in 2% of dogs. Procedural mortality rate was 0.5%. There was a statistically significant reduction in left ventricular and left atrial size at the 24-h postocclusion recheck echocardiogram (P&lt;0.001) and at follow-up rechecks (P&lt;0.001). There was a statistical difference (P&lt;0.050) between echocardiographic and angiographicderived measurements and ratios when selecting device size.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The high procedural success and low complication rates support use of the ACDO device as a safe and effective method of PDA occlusion in dogs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Pages 36-45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Left atrial size in healthy Cavalier King Charles spaniels: a comparison to dogs of other breeds and previously published reference intervals","authors":"D. Caivano ,&nbsp;P. Ferrari ,&nbsp;M. Rishniw","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Recently, investigators have suggested that Cavalier King Charles spaniels have smaller left atrial-to-aortic ratios (LA:Aos) than other breeds.</div></div><div><h3>Animals, Materials and Methods</h3><div>This study comprised apparently healthy adult Cavalier King Charles spaniels (n = 218) and apparently healthy adult dogs of other breeds (n = 379), imaged by the same observers, for inclusion in the Osservatorio Veterinario Italiano Cardiopatie. Left atrial and aortic measurements, obtained from two-dimensional images at the closing of the aortic valve, and left ventricular internal dimensions in diastole, obtained from M-mode images, were both obtained from the right parasternal short-axis view. Furthermore, left atrial and aortic measurements were indexed allometrically and compared to data obtained by the same observers. Measurements obtained by multiple observers were compared for systematic bias. Reference limits were created for the LA:Ao and normalized left ventricular diastolic dimensions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Reference limits agreed with previously published limits for other dogs, with the upper reference limit for Cavalier King Charles spaniels approximating 1.6. Cavalier King Charles spaniels had allometrically indexed left atrial and aortic measurements that were not smaller than those in other dogs.</div></div><div><h3>Study Limitations</h3><div>Retrospective study with multiple independent observers, not specifically instructed to measure the LA:Ao.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Cavalier King Charles spaniels have an LA:Ao not smaller than other breeds. Furthermore, the left atrial linear dimension obtained in the right parasternal short-axis view and normalized to bodyweight does not appear to be smaller. Consequently, current generic reference intervals for left atrial dimensions apply to Cavalier King Charles spaniels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Pages 1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype in a 10-week-old Oriental shorthair kitten","authors":"M. Meijer ,&nbsp;H. Aupperle-Lellbach ,&nbsp;D. Willems ,&nbsp;M. Dirven","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 10-week-old female Oriental shorthair was referred due to stunted growth, weight loss, dyspnea, and reduced activity levels compared to her littermates. Thoracic radiography revealed a markedly enlarged cardiac silhouette and a diffuse unstructured interstitial pulmonary pattern, presumably due to cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Echocardiography showed marked left- and right-sided ventricular dilation, decreased contractility, and enlargement of both atria, without any identifiable congenital defects. Pleural and peritoneal effusion were also present. Based on these findings, a presumptive diagnosis of both left- and right-sided congestive heart failure due to a dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype was made. Cardiovascular pathological examination confirmed the echocardiographic findings. Additionally, mild interstitial myocardial fibrosis was present in the left ventricle, both atria, the interventricular septum, and, to a minimal extent, in the right ventricle. Moderate endocardial fibrosis was observed in the left atrium and left atrial appendage, while mild endocardial fibrosis was present in the left ventricle. Both antemortem and postmortem evaluations did not provide clear evidence of the underlying cause. Therefore, we consider this a rare case of feline juvenile idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy with secondary reactive endocardial and myocardial fibrosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"Pages 126-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and echocardiographic variables associated with the type of congestive heart failure manifestation in cats","authors":"A.K. Masters ,&nbsp;L. Brock ,&nbsp;M.A. Tropf ,&nbsp;A. Rendahl ,&nbsp;S. Rogg ,&nbsp;J.L. Ward","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study was to determine clinical and echocardiographic findings associated with congestive heart failure (CHF) manifestation type in cats and to assess impact on the risk of CHF recurrence and survival.</div></div><div><h3>Animals, Materials and Methods</h3><div>A retrospective medical record review of 135 cats with CHF was conducted. Cats were grouped based on CHF manifestation type. Associations between CHF manifestation and clinical and echocardiographic variables were assessed using a Fisher's test and analysis of variance. Comparisons between CHF manifestations were performed using a pairwise Fisher's test with Bonferroni-Holm adjustment and Tukey's honestly significant difference method after analysis of variance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Congestive heart failure manifestation was associated with sex (P=0.045), history of increased respiratory rate (P=0.006), effort (P=0.001), and signs of arterial thromboembolism (P=0.004). Significant differences between left atrium-to-aorta ratio (P=0.043), diastolic right ventricular internal dimension (P=0.001), systolic right ventricular internal dimension (P=0.015), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (P=0.044), and presence of non-specific cardiomyopathy phenotype (P=0.001) were identified among CHF groups. Cats with ascites as their CHF manifestation had significantly higher median diastolic right ventricular internal dimension (9.9 mm) and systolic right ventricular internal dimension (6.6 mm) on pairwise comparison than cats with other CHF manifestations. Congestive heart failure manifestation did not have a statistically significant association with survival but did with time to CHF recurrence (P=0.008).</div></div><div><h3>Study Limitations</h3><div>Retrospective design, small sample size, and potential misclassification of CHF manifestation type are limitations of this study.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Congestive heart failure manifestation type is associated with various clinical and echocardiographic findings in cats with heart disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"Pages 114-125"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transfemoral vein approach for balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty in a 1.2- kg dog","authors":"K. Kadowaki ,&nbsp;N. Miyashita ,&nbsp;K. Nakamura ,&nbsp;T. Mori","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 10-month-old, 1.2- kg, unspayed female Maltese dog presented with the chief complaint of a heart murmur. Echocardiography revealed a transpulmonary velocity of 5.28 m/s (estimated pressure gradient: 112 mmHg) and severe pulmonary valve stenosis with an estimated pulmonary valve annulus diameter of 7.2 mm. Given the dog's small size, a balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty via the femoral vein was considered. The pulmonary valve annulus was dilated thrice using a 10-mm balloon (balloon-to-annulus ratio: 1.39). After the balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty, right ventricular systolic pressure decreased from 125 to 78 mmHg. The interventional procedure was completed without serious complications. As of postoperative day 149, the maximum transpulmonary velocity decreased to 2.43 m/s (estimated pressure gradient: 24 mmHg), recurrence of pulmonary valve stenosis was not observed, and the patient was doing well clinically. In conclusion, an approach performed via the femoral vein in this 1.2-kg dog resulted in a successful procedure without significant complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"Pages 133-138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143885939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Left atrial thrombosis in a dog with advanced myxomatous mitral valve disease","authors":"G. Romito,&nbsp;C. Mazzoldi,&nbsp;M. Di Benedetto,&nbsp;S. Sabattini","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An 11-year-old Cavalier King Charles spaniel with a previous diagnosis of preclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) was presented with respiratory distress and abdominal distension. Lung edema and ascites were diagnosed. Echocardiography revealed a progression of the MMVD as it was associated with a moderate enlargement of the left-sided cardiac chambers and an atrial septal defect (ASD). The latter was hypothesized to be primarily due to a rupture of the interatrial septum caused by MMVD. Moreover, a hyperechoic irregular mass was documented inside the left atrium. At that time, the primary differential diagnosis included intracardiac thrombosis (ICT) and mural endocarditis. Comprehensive diagnostic tests subsequently ruled out extracardiac prothrombotic triggers; moreover, both blood and urine cultures tested negative. Despite the administration of cardiac and supportive therapies (including antithrombotic drugs), the dog died 138 days after presentation. Necropsy confirmed the presence of MMVD (type IV lesions according to Pomerance and Whitney's classification system) associated with remodeling of the left-sided cardiac chambers, multiple left atrial (LA) jet lesions, and ASD. Endocarditis was ruled out, and the LA mass was demonstrated to be an ICT entrapped in the ASD. In light of premortem and postmortem findings, the turbulent blood flow secondary to the mitral valve insufficiency and ASD, along with the extensive LA endothelial damage, were considered likely triggering factors for the development of ICT. This case suggests that, although ICT represents an extremely rare complication of cardiac diseases in dogs, it can potentially develop when canine MMVD is particularly advanced.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"Pages 93-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical correction of ventricular septal defect in a cat","authors":"T. Wada ,&nbsp;A. Fujiwara ,&nbsp;Y. Miki ,&nbsp;M. Ohashi ,&nbsp;S. Kawamoto ,&nbsp;R. Takemura ,&nbsp;H. Yotsuida ,&nbsp;T. Mori","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A two-year-old intact male British shorthair cat, weighing 4.6 kg, was referred for surgical correction of a ventricular septal defect (VSD). The cat was treated with pimobendan, amlodipine, furosemide, and clopidogrel for tachypnea, and no other clinical signs of cardiac disease were observed. Physical examination revealed heart murmurs. Radiographic and echocardiographic evaluations indicated generalized cardiomegaly and left atrial enlargement. Two-dimensional echocardiography revealed a large left-to-right shunt through a 5.8-mm perimembranous VSD with a septal aneurysm. The pulmonary-to-systemic blood flow ratio was 3.3, indicating a significant volume overload. Surgical correction was performed via a right ventricular outflow tract incision under cardiopulmonary bypass using an 8-mm expanded polytetrafluoroethylene patch to close the VSD. Postoperatively, the cat had sporadic premature ventricular contractions but recovered without major complications. At one year postoperatively, the cat showed improved activity levels and no residual shunt flow and required no medication. This report demonstrates the feasibility of patch closure for membranous VSDs in cats through a right ventricular outflow tract incision and highlights the need for further studies to assess its effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"Pages 139-144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143907888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valvular mitral stenosis in adult cats: knowledge gained from the clinical and pathological workup of 18 cases","authors":"N. Schreiber ,&nbsp;F. Prisco ,&nbsp;A. Kipar ,&nbsp;L. Schurna ,&nbsp;M. Tursi ,&nbsp;M.B. Toaldo","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/objectives</h3><div>Feline valvular mitral stenosis (VMS) is uncommonly reported. The aim of this study was to describe diagnostic and clinicopathological characteristics of VMS in adult cats.</div></div><div><h3>Animals, Materials and Methods</h3><div>Eighteen client-owned cats were included in this study. A retrospective observational study. Clinical records were searched based on echocardiography. Data regarding clinical, laboratory, echocardiographic findings, outcome, and, in four cats, gross postmortem images of the heart were reviewed, and histological examinations performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most cats were non-pedigree (11/18), with a median age of 13.2 years. Congestive heart failure was common (15/18). Three cats had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype, including one with transient myocardial thickening. Concomitant hyperthyroidism (9/18) was frequent. In one cat, echocardiography performed one year earlier did not show any changes. Upon echocardiography, all 18 cats had characteristic hockey-stick appearance of the anterior leaflet and narrow turbulent diastolic flow across the mitral valve. Twelve cats had fused diastolic transmitral waves, with a median velocity of 0.54 m/s (0.71–3.24 m/s). The remaining six had a median peak velocity of the early and late-diastolic transmitral waves of 1.3 m/s (0.95–2.8 m/s) and 0.99 m/s (0.65–2.05 m/s), respectively. Eleven cats had died, 10 of cardiac death (median survival time: 366 days). Macroscopically, the mitral valve leaflets appeared thickened and distorted, and the surrounded ventricular endocardium thickened. Histology revealed marked endocardial fibrosis of the mitral valve and surrounding ventricular endocardium, dominated by type I collagen.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The most striking finding is the documented acquirement of VMS in one cat, while the acquired nature of the lesion could not be confirmed in the other cases. The pathological findings are compatible with a chronic remodeling process that results in marked endocardial fibrosis in four cats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"Pages 98-113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heart base tumors in French Bulldogs: a case series","authors":"C. Johannsen,&nbsp;F. Schneider,&nbsp;I. Maerz","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/Objectives</h3><div>Heart base tumors (HBTs) including chemodectomas are common in dogs, especially in brachycephalic breeds. These tumors are often incidental findings but can also lead to clinical signs from vascular obstruction, tumor invasion, pericardial effusion, or metastasis. This retrospective study describes clinical and imaging findings of HBTs in 32 French Bulldogs.</div></div><div><h3>Animals, Materials and Methods</h3><div>A review of medical records focused on French Bulldogs diagnosed with HBTs (April 2019 to October 2022) was conducted. Cases were divided into two groups: dogs with incidental HBTs (group 1) and dogs with clinical signs associated with HBTs (group 2). Collected data focused on clinical features and available diagnostic imaging.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In group 1 dogs (n = 14), HBT was diagnosed incidentally; meanwhile, clinical signs in group 2 dogs (n = 18) included respiratory difficulties, syncope, and ascites with various combinations of serous cavity effusions evident in 13 dogs. Echocardiography of group 2 dogs frequently identified tumors obstructing the pulmonary trunk or its main branches. Some tumors invaded the atria. Median heart rate (138 vs. 156/mins), right atrial diameter (22.0 vs. 31.5 mm), and right ventricular-to-right atrial systolic pressure gradient (48 vs. 83 mm hg) were higher in the subset of group 2 dogs where these variables were measured (all P&lt;0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Study Limitations</h3><div>The retrospective nature and absence of histopathology to confirm tumor type and autopsy findings are major limitations of the study.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Heart base tumors in French Bulldogs can vary in clinical presentation, severity, and imaging features. These tumors often cause vascular obstruction, tissue invasion, and cavitary effusions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"Pages 145-154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143934993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal title page and editorial board","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1760-2734(25)00019-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1760-2734(25)00019-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Page i"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}