Journal of Veterinary Cardiology最新文献

{"title":"Journal title page and editorial board","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1760-2734(26)00009-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1760-2734(26)00009-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"63 ","pages":"Page i"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147394109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of a spot-check protocol to measure ventricular response rate in dogs with atrial fibrillation","authors":"M.I. Oliveira,&nbsp;G. Culshaw,&nbsp;S.-A. Dickson,&nbsp;R. Blake,&nbsp;Y. Martinez Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/Objectives</h3><div>Fast ventricular response rates (VRRs) have negative prognostic value in atrial fibrillation (AF). Therapeutic recommendations for canine AF rely on measurements of VRR from ambulatory electrocardiograms (aECGs).</div></div><div><h3>Animals, Materials and methods</h3><div>Data from aECG of dogs with AF were prospectively acquired alongside VRR measurements obtained at home using a smartphone-based ECG device between 7:00 and 23:00. From these data, three protocols were outlined: (A) three eight-hourly spot-checks, (B) three six-hourly spot-checks, and (C) five predetermined spot-checks. The performance of the protocols was compared with aECG using mesor, mean and median VRR. The presence of circadian variation was explored using cosinor analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eighteen aECGs were analysed, and 14 were used to test the spot-check protocols. The protocols showed moderate to strong correlation with aECG, with protocol B performing best (mean, r = 0.84, P=&lt;0.0001, bias −22.96, limits of agreement 24.4; median, r = 0.90, P=&lt;0.0001, bias −24.48, limits of agreement 22.04). Using a mean VRR &lt;125 beats per minute (bpm) as cut-off, 10 of 14 dogs (71.4%) had inadequate VRR control. All protocols correctly identified these dogs, with protocol A performing best for mean VRR &gt;140 bpm. Circadian variation in VRR was identified in 17 of 18 dogs (94%).</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>This study is limited by the small population, highly prevalent inadequate VRR, non-standardised treatment, measurement artefacts and precise temporal alignment with aECG.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Spot-check protocols offer a practical, affordable alternative to aECG for VRR assessment in dogs with AF. We have established that mean VRR &gt;140 bpm in the protocol predicts inadequate rate control on aECG.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 16-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145446202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemangiosarcoma involving the interventricular and interatrial septum, atrioventricular node, and right ventricle, causing atrioventricular block and ventricular arrhythmias in a dog","authors":"A. Franchini ,&nbsp;G. Menciotti ,&nbsp;R. Persons ,&nbsp;S. Diab","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 13-year-old male neutered miniature poodle was presented for evaluation following multiple syncopal episodes. A six-lead ECG revealed high-grade atrioventricular (AV) block and ventricular ectopy presenting as periods of accelerated idioventricular rhythm and runs of ventricular tachycardia. The echocardiogram showed severely increased interventricular septum wall thickness with several cystic anechoic cavities. The owner elected humane euthanasia due to poor prognosis. The postmortem examination revealed the presence of hemangiosarcoma involving the interventricular and interatrial septum, the AV node, and the right ventricular free wall. This report describes an unusual presentation of cardiac hemangiosarcoma causing AV block and ventricular arrhythmias.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 75-80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145745484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of excipients on the oral absorption of pimobendan in healthy dogs","authors":"I. Zahn ,&nbsp;A.E. Coleman ,&nbsp;D.L. Elder ,&nbsp;C. Zhang ,&nbsp;R.D. Arnold ,&nbsp;M.G. Papich","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/Objectives</h3><div>Compounded pimobendan is prescribed without knowledge of the effect of excipients. The objective of this study was to test the effect of certain excipients on oral absorption in dogs by describing the single-dose pharmacokinetics of pimobendan and its active metabolite (o-desmethyl-pimobendan) following oral administration of two experimental pimobendan formulations and to compare these pharmacokinetic estimates to those of a Food and Drug Administration–approved product (Vetmedin®).</div></div><div><h3>Animals, Materials and Methods</h3><div>Seven healthy, adult, sexually intact, female, purpose-bred beagle dogs were included in the present study. Dogs were administered 2.5 mg of pimobendan as a single oral dose of Vetmedin® or of an experimental capsule with or without citrate as an excipient, in a randomized, prospective crossover study with a two-week washout period between treatments. Blood samples were obtained at predetermined time points before and for 24 h after a dose for quantification of pimobendan and o-desmethyl-pimobendan using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Compartmental analysis was used to obtain pharmacokinetic parameters. Data are presented as geometric mean (coefficient of variation).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Peak plasma pimobendan concentrations were 8.82 ng/mL (53%), 5.85 ng/mL (76%), and 8.11 ng/mL (70%), and areas under the concentration-time curve (AUCs) were 19.0 h∗ng/mL (55%), 13.6 h∗ng/mL (68%), and 19.7 h∗ng/mL (40%) for Vetmedin®, citrate-containing capsules, and citrate-free capsules, respectively. Experimental formulations showed high relative absorption (AUC_{(test drug)}/AUC_(Vetmedin_®₎, 72% [61%] and 103% [71%] for citrate-containing and citrate-free capsules, respectively). There was moderate-to-high interindividual pharmacokinetic variability for all formulations. No differences in peak plasma pimobendan concentration or AUC were found among treatments.</div></div><div><h3>Study Limitations</h3><div>Small sample size.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study did not identify differences in relative bioavailability among the tested formulations; however, bioequivalence should not be assumed. Substantial interindividual pharmacokinetic variability was noted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"63 ","pages":"Pages 36-46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145524605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mitral-to-aortic velocity-time integral ratio used to estimate regurgitant fraction in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease: a retrospective observational study of 1,109 echocardiographic examinations.","authors":"S Crosara, S Oricco, M Poggi, I Apolloni, C Quintavalla","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2026.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2026.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objectives: </strong>The mitral-to-aortic velocity-time integral ratio (MAVIR) has been proposed as a surrogate of the regurgitant fraction (RF) in humans. This study aimed to correlate MAVIR with echocardiographic and clinical variables of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) severity in dogs.</p><p><strong>Animals, materials and methods: </strong>Data from two centres were reviewed for healthy dogs and dogs with MMVD. The RF was calculated using Teichholz (RF_Teichh) and Simpson (RF_SMOD) methods. The correlation between MAVIR and echocardiographic indices and its difference across American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Mitral INsufficiency Echocardiographic (MINE) classes were assessed. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis assessed MAVIR's ability to predict MMVD severity and RF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,109 examinations from 950 dogs were included in the present study. The MAVIR differed between healthy and MMVD at all American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine stages and MINE classes (P<0.001). It correlated with RF_SMOD (Rho: 0.78, P<0.001) and RF_Teichh (Rho: 0.83, P<0.001). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) for discriminating mild from moderate and moderate from severe-late stage according to the MINE score were AUCs = 0.709 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.673, 0.745) and 0.784 (95% CI: 0.731, 0.836), respectively; for predicting RF_SMOD ≥ 50%, the AUC was 0.946 (95% CI: 0.926, 0.966), with a cutoff >1.27 (sensitivity 91.11%; specificity 84.15%).</p><p><strong>Study limitations: </strong>Retrospective study design and negative RF values are the limitations of this study.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although not clinically validated against a gold standard, the MAVIR is associated with MMVD severity. A MAVIR >1.27 predicts an RF_SMOD ≥ 50%. Given its simplicity, MAVIR might represent a valuable tool for staging MMVD and warrants further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146183227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transesophageal echocardiography for mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair in dogs using the V-Clamp device.","authors":"B M Potter, I B Chi, L Tantisuwat, B A Scansen","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2026.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2026.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The V-Clamp device is a canine-specific mitral valve (MV) implant delivered via transapical access that has been developed for transcatheter edge-to-edge repair in dogs. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is an essential component of successful V-Clamp implantation as it both evaluates patient candidacy for the procedure and directly guides the intervention. A thorough TEE examination provides information on the mechanism of mitral regurgitation, anatomical characteristics of the MV apparatus, localizes the site of regurgitation relative to the MV segments, confirms mitral regurgitation severity, informs device sizing from mitral annular diameter measurements, and determines the leaflet lengths at the landing zone for device delivery. These findings are critical for clinical decision-making and proper device selection. During the procedure, TEE provides real-time visual guidance of device location, leaflet capture, device stability, and after-procedural assessment. This review will describe TEE imaging for MV edge-to-edge repair in dogs based on the experience gained in 130 dogs undergoing V-Clamp implantation. This is an evolving field that will progress with experience in this procedure across multiple institutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Echocardiographic predictors of persistent left heart enlargement in dogs undergoing surgical mitral valve repair.","authors":"B K Atkinson, M Rossanese, D J Brockman, V Luis Fuentes","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2026.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2026.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objectives: </strong>Mitral valve repair (MVR) under cardiopulmonary bypass is an established procedure associated with prolonged survival in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease compared to medical management alone. This study aimed (1) to assess the degree and timescale of left heart reverse remodeling in dogs undergoing MVR and (2) to identify demographic and perioperative echocardiographic variables predictive of persistent left heart enlargement after MVR.</p><p><strong>Animals, materials and methods: </strong>This was a retrospective longitudinal observational study including 66 dogs undergoing MVR at a single center with ≥12 months' follow-up. The degree and time course of left heart reverse remodeling were assessed. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify demographic and echocardiographic predictors of persistent left heart enlargement after MVR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Decreased left atrial (left atrial-to-aortic root ratio: 2.36 [interquartile range: 1.96-2.87] vs. 1.56 [1.4-1.78], P<0.001) and left ventricular (left ventricular internal diameter in diastole normalized for body weight [LVIDdN]: 2.14 [1.93-2.37] vs. 1.65 [1.47-1.81], P<0.001) dimensions were observed within three months after MVR, with minimal reduction thereafter. Greater baseline LVIDdN (P<0.001) and heavier body weight (P=0.002) were predictive of persistent left heart enlargement.</p><p><strong>Study limitations: </strong>This was a retrospective study, with a small number of dogs included. Echocardiographic assessment was performed by multiple operators with variable follow-up periods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests that reverse remodeling predominantly occurs within the first three months after MVR, and persistent left heart enlargement may be expected in dogs with greater baseline LVIDdN and heavier body weight.</p>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146183293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of combination cardiac supplements available in the United States for dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease.","authors":"W Bousquet, J E Rush, L M Freeman","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.12.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2025.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to compare the ingredients, doses, potential safety concerns, and marketing of canine combination cardiac (CCC) supplements currently available in the United States for dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD).</p><p><strong>Animals, materials and methods: </strong>Searches were conducted to identify CCC supplements marketed for MMVD, other cardiac diseases, or cardiac health/support. The companies' official websites were reviewed for details about the ingredients, doses of each ingredient, safety warnings, supporting information, prices, and marketing claims.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At least 147 different active ingredients were included in the 60 CCC supplements that were included in this study. The number of active ingredients in the products ranged from two to 32 (median = seven). Many of the products did not include enough information to determine ingredient doses, but when it could be calculated, very few of the products reached commonly recommended doses of the most frequently included ingredients (taurine, l-carnitine, coenzyme Q10, or omega-3 fatty acids). Potential concerns with product safety or quality were identified.</p><p><strong>Study limitations: </strong>Data were recorded from official website information and label photographs from companies' official websites, and CCC products were not purchased to review the labels directly. In addition, supplements were not analyzed to verify the companies' claims of active ingredients and their amounts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results demonstrate the wide variety of CCC supplements marketed to dogs with MMVD and other cardiac diseases, as well as the large number of ingredients that have potential safety concerns, possible drug-supplement interactions, suboptimal doses, or limited supportive evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146044388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-year echocardiographic follow-up and two-year survival in 111 dogs undergoing mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair.","authors":"B M Potter, E C Orton, B A Scansen, K M Abbott-Johnson, L Tantisuwat, S Arai, L C Visser, J D Bonagura","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.12.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2025.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objectives: </strong>Short-term results of mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) with the canine V-Clamp device have been promising; however, longer-term outcome data are needed. This prospective study evaluated survival and echocardiographic outcomes in dogs with severe mitral regurgitation (MR) following TEER performed at one referral center.</p><p><strong>Animals, materials and methods: </strong>Dogs in American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine stages B2, C, and D meeting criteria for severe MR were treated by TEER. The procedure was performed via transapical approach and guided by transesophageal echocardiography and fluoroscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred eleven dogs underwent TEER between January 2021 and January 2025. Technical feasibility for placing one clamp was 97.3%, with a single clamp placed in 80 of 108 / (74%) and two clamps placed in 28 of 108 (26%) dogs. In-hospital mortality was 6.3%, and 3-month survival was 86.4%. Freedom from all-cause and cardiac-related mortality was 75% and 80% at one year and 67% and 78% at two years, respectively. Mean (standard deviation) regurgitant fraction decreased from 60.6 (13.3)% to 35 (23)% post procedure and was 30.7 (24.1)% at one year. Normalized left ventricular diastolic dimension decreased from 2.07 (0.24) to 1.84 (0.3) and short-axis left atrial-to-aortic ratio decreased from 2.31 (0.41) to 2.08 (0.45) immediately post procedure; these variables remained decreased at 1.79 (0.28) and 1.94 (0.46), respectively, at 1-year follow-up (P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Study limitations: </strong>Follow-up echocardiograms were obtained by multiple centers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intermediate outcomes after TEER demonstrated a likely benefit in dogs with severe MR as adjunct to medical therapy. Future goals include improving consistency of MR reduction, decreasing procedural complications through experience and refined case selection, and prospectively comparing to medical therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145946591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time to refractory congestive heart failure in cats presenting with pleural effusion vs. pulmonary edema","authors":"K.M. Buchanan,&nbsp;R.C. Fries,&nbsp;S. Kadotani","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/Objectives</h3><div>Cats with left-sided congestive heart failure (CHF) usually present with pleural effusion and/or pulmonary edema. We compared time to refractory CHF and survival time between pleural effusion and pulmonary edema in cats with various cardiomyopathies.</div></div><div><h3>Animals, Material and Methods</h3><div>A total of 125 cats with CHF presenting as predominantly pleural effusion (n = 73) or pulmonary edema (n = 52) were included in this study. Medical records of cats presenting with CHF between 2013 and 2022 were evaluated retrospectively. Refractory CHF was defined as one requiring greater than 6 mg/kg/day of furosemide or introduction of torsemide. Signalment, underlying cardiomyopathy, the presence of pleural effusion or pulmonary edema, echocardiographic measurements at the time of CHF diagnosis, medications, comorbidities, time to refractory CHF, and survival time were recorded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The median survival time was significantly shorter (P=0.0002) for cats with pleural effusion (155 days; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 11–199 days) than for those with pulmonary edema (234 days; 95% CI: 177–509 days). Median time to refractory CHF was significantly shorter (P=0.0003) for cats with pleural effusion (44 days; 95 % CI: 32–67 days) than for those with pulmonary edema (133 days; 95% CI: 90–233 days). Pleural effusion significantly influenced time to refractory CHF (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.16–4.62; P=0.022) and median survival time (HR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.06–3.40; P=0.029) in the multivariable models.</div></div><div><h3>Study Limitations</h3><div>The limitations of this study were therapeutic recommendations not standardized and quantification of pleural effusion and fluid analysis not available for all cats.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this study sample, cats with pleural effusion have a reduced time to refractory CHF and survival times compared to cats with pulmonary edema.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 52-59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}