Journal of Veterinary Cardiology最新文献

{"title":"Journal title page and editorial board","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1760-2734(24)00087-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1760-2734(24)00087-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"55 ","pages":"Page i"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical, electrocardiographic, and diagnostic imaging features and outcomes in cats with electrocardiographic diagnosis of ventricular pre-excitation: a retrospective study of 23 cases (2010–2022)","authors":"E.A. Gavic ,&nbsp;C.D. Stauthammer ,&nbsp;A.K. Masters ,&nbsp;K.R.S. Morgan ,&nbsp;A. Rendahl ,&nbsp;M. Ciccozzi ,&nbsp;K. Beekmann ,&nbsp;R. George ,&nbsp;E. Herrold ,&nbsp;L.E. Markovic ,&nbsp;K. Schober ,&nbsp;S.S. Tjostheim ,&nbsp;K. Wright","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/Objectives</h3><div>Ventricular pre-excitation (VPE) occurs when atrial electrical impulses prematurely excite the ventricles through an aberrant muscle bundle known as an accessory pathway (AP). Orthodromic atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia is a re-entrant, narrow complex supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), maintained through retrograde conduction over an AP. The study aimed to describe patient signalments, clinical signs, electrocardiographic (ECG) and diagnostic imaging features, treatments, prognostic variables, and outcomes in cats with ECG diagnosis of VPE.</div></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><div>Twenty-three cats diagnosed with VPE between January 2010 and August 2022 were included in this study.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>This was a multicenter, retrospective study with twenty-three cats diagnosed with VPE between January 2010 and August 2022. Ventricular pre-excitation diagnosis was based on ECG evidence of shortened PR interval, delta wave, and prolonged QRS duration. The median survival time (MST) was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier curve. Log-rank tests were performed to assess for an association between clinical signs or presence of structural heart disease on the MST.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fourteen (60.8%) cats with VPE also had SVT documented on ECG, with 7 of 14 with ECG confirmation of orthodromic atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia. Four (17.4%) cats had suspected AP-mediated tachyarrhythmia based on associated clinical signs. Common presenting signs included collapse (15/23; 65.2%) and respiratory distress (14/23; 60.8%). Five (21.7%) cats were asymptomatic. Heart rate during SVT ranged from 310 to 420 bpm (median: 375 bpm). Initial treatment included atenolol (10/18), sotalol (5/18), diltiazem (2/18), and amiodarone (1/18). From the date of diagnosis, MST was 1872 days (5.1 years).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The majority of cats with VPE also had symptomatic SVT. The prognosis for cats with VPE is considered good with an MST of greater than five years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 97-109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of vector-borne pathogens and cardiac Striatin genotype on survival in boxer dogs with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy","authors":"B. Ditzler ,&nbsp;E. Lashnits ,&nbsp;K.M. Meurs ,&nbsp;R.G. Maggi ,&nbsp;M. Yata ,&nbsp;P. Neupane ,&nbsp;E.B. Breitschwerdt","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/Objectives</h3><div>Risk factors for severe disease in boxer dogs with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) are not well understood. This study's objective was to determine whether Striatin genotype or canine vector-borne pathogen (CVBP) exposure/infection in boxer dogs with ARVC was associated with disease severity or survival.</div></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><div>Sixty-four client-owned, adult boxer dogs with ARVC were included in the study.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>This was a prospective descriptive study. Disease severity was determined by echocardiography and Holter monitoring. Potential risk factors included CVBP exposure/infection (<em>Anaplasma</em> spp.<em>, Babesia</em> spp., <em>Bartonella</em> spp., <em>Borrelia burgdorferi</em>, <em>Dirofilaria immitis, Ehrlichia</em> spp., and <em>Rickettsia</em> spp.) and Striatin genotype.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The median survival time after enrollment was 270 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 226–798 days), and the median age at the time of death or censoring was 11 years (95% CI: 10.3–11.7 years). Striatin mutation genotype results included 31 homozygous-negative, 26 heterozygous-positive, and seven homozygous-positive boxer dogs. Ten boxer dogs had exposure to <em>Bartonella</em> spp., four to <em>Rickettsia,</em> two to <em>Ehrlichia</em> spp., and one to <em>Anaplasma</em> spp. Striatin homozygous–positive boxer dogs had a shorter median survival time (93 days vs. 373 days for heterozygous [P=0.010] and 214 days for homozygous negative [P=0.036]). Exposure/infection to CVBP was not associated with median survival time or age at the time of death.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Striatin homozygous positive boxer dogs with ARVC had shorter survival times and were younger at the time of death. Exposure or infection with CVBP did not appear to influence survival time.</div></div><div><h3>Study Limitations</h3><div>Selection bias for more severe disease limited the ability to assess the relationship between CVBP infection/exposure and disease severity, and overall small sample size limited statistical power. Extracardiac disease and treatment protocols were not controlled.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Striatin genotype screening can be considered for prognostic information. Exposure/infection to CVBP appears unlikely to influence survival time for boxer dogs with ARVC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"56 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Percutaneous balloon angioplasty as a treatment for cor triatriatum sinister in a cat","authors":"J. Allen,&nbsp;K. Phipps,&nbsp;K. Barrett,&nbsp;C. Day","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A 17-week-old, 2.7-kg cat was presented for management of congestive heart failure due to cor triatriatum sinister. Despite aggressive management for congestive heart failure with escalating diuretic doses, the cat remained symptomatic with exercise intolerance and dyspnea. Percutaneous transseptal balloon dilatation was scheduled. Computed tomography was performed prior to the procedure to aid in planning, which confirmed echocardiographic findings and excluded concurrent congenital defects. A transseptal puncture was performed under general anesthesia, and the cor triatriatum sinister membrane was crossed with a guidewire, allowing subsequent inflation with a 4-mm cutting balloon, followed by inflation of a 10-mm low-pressure balloon across the membrane. This resulted in marked improvement in pressure gradient across the membrane. Pulmonary venous puncture resulting in a mediastinal thrombus was the only complication encountered but was self-limiting and did not require any intervention. Diuretics were discontinued at a two-week recheck, and echocardiography confirmed resolution of the transmembrane gradient. A recheck echocardiogram nine weeks postoperatively, however, revealed restenosis of the membrane. Clinical signs of congestive heart failure were recurrent, requiring reinstitution of diuretic therapy. Percutaneous correction of cor triatriatum sinister is a technically challenging but feasible treatment option in small animals, though further investigation is needed to determine if restenosis is a common and/or preventable outcome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 44-49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistent left cranial vena cava and right cranial vena cava aplasia in a French bulldog and a Cavalier King Charles spaniel with severe pulmonic stenosis","authors":"J. Huynh,&nbsp;E.J. Benjamin,&nbsp;K. Degarmo,&nbsp;R. Baumwart","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One French bulldog and one Cavalier King Charles spaniel were referred for pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty (PBV) after being diagnosed with severe pulmonic stenosis. In both patients, a dilated coronary sinus was noted on transthoracic echocardiography, suggesting persistent left cranial vena cava. Despite complete preoperative workup being performed, persistent left cranial vena cava with right cranial vena cava aplasia was not identified until after right jugular catheterization. This case study highlights vascular anomalies that hinder traditional approaches to PBV and diagnostic considerations for preoperative workup as recognition of these venous anomalies would have changed the approach to catheterization for PBV, minimizing the risk for complications, saving resources, and decreasing anesthetic time in these patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 50-55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic reactive angioendotheliomatosis mimicking hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a domestic shorthair cat","authors":"E. Herrold ,&nbsp;K. Schober ,&nbsp;J. Miller ,&nbsp;R. Jennings","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.08.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.08.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A two-year-old, 3.9-kg, male castrated, domestic shorthair cat presented to The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center for acute onset neurological signs. During hospitalization, he was diagnosed with an American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) stage B1 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype on echocardiogram. His clinical signs acutely worsened, including seizure activity and panting, and he was euthanized. Necropsy revealed the histopathologic diagnosis of systemic reactive angioendotheliomatosis, which notably severely affected the myocardium. In this case report, we present the antemortem diagnostic results and postmortem necropsy results of this rare condition in cats. This case demonstrates that echocardiographic assessment of the heart in cats affected by systemic reactive angioendotheliomatosis may lead to the false diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and thus should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cats with symmetrical left ventricularl wall thickening on echocardiography.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 65-71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus: multicenter collaborative study across pediatric and veterinary cardiology centers","authors":"L.E. Markovic ,&nbsp;G. Hiremath ,&nbsp;B.A. Scansen ,&nbsp;H.B. Kellihan ,&nbsp;C. Calkins ,&nbsp;A.E. Coleman ,&nbsp;S.S. Tjostheim ,&nbsp;B. Tainter ,&nbsp;K.M. Hodges ,&nbsp;E. Cahill ,&nbsp;M. Carter ,&nbsp;D.W. Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.08.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/Objective</h3><div>Transcatheter therapeutics have revolutionized treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Greater understanding of corrective interventions across species can advance best practices, protocols, and outcomes while minimizing adverse events. The objective of this study was to describe characteristics and outcomes in children and dogs undergoing transcatheter PDA occlusion.</div></div><div><h3>Animals, Materials and Methods</h3><div>This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study from two pediatric and three veterinary centers. Demographics, procedural characteristics, and outcomes were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Data included 202 children and 106 dogs treated from July 2019 to June 2021. Forty-five (23%) children and 19 (18%) dogs had congestive heart failure prior to catheterization. Transvenous and transarterial approaches for deployment were most used in children and dogs, respectively. All children had percutaneous vascular access compared to 17 (16%) dogs. Intraprocedural anticoagulation was standard for children (100% of 165 reported), but not for dogs (2/103). The median (interquartile range) pulmonary ostium diameter in children was 2.2 mm (1.5–3.0 mm) and 3.0 mm (2.0–4.2 mm) in dogs when all body sizes were considered (P&lt;0.001). Amplatzer™ Duct Occluder was most commonly used in children (64/202, 32%); the Amplatz® Canine Duct Occluder was used in dogs (96/100, 96%). Closure was manual compression in all children, whereas vessel ligation was most used in dogs (74/104, 73%). Successful device deployment was achieved in 197 (98%) children and 98 (93%) dogs (P=0.03). Major reasons for failure included device embolization in six (2.9%) children and PDA morphology concerns in four (3.8%) dogs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Transcatheter PDA occlusion is successful in children and dogs. Study data might be useful for optimizing transcatheter therapeutics and animal models for interventional cardiology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 72-83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac biomarker profiles in dogs with naturally occurring precapillary pulmonary hypertension","authors":"J. Lichtenberger ,&nbsp;E. Côté ,&nbsp;S.D. Forney ,&nbsp;K.A. Barrett ,&nbsp;S.J. Ettinger","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/Objectives</h3><div>This study evaluated circulating amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), amino-terminal pro-A-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proANP), and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations in dogs with precapillary pulmonary hypertension (Pre-PH) and control dogs with respiratory clinical signs but no Pre-PH.</div></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><div>Twenty-six dogs (17 affected, and 9 controls) were involved in the study.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>This was a sub-study of a large prospective single-center observational study. Dogs underwent blood sample collection, physical examination, and echocardiographic evaluation. Pre-PH was diagnosed when a calculated right ventricular-to-right atrial pressure gradient (RV:RA PG) measuring ≥40 mmHg was identified echocardiographically, barring right ventricular outflow obstruction and/or left-sided cardiac disease.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Two, nine, and six dogs had mild, moderate, and severe Pre-PH, respectively. Plasma concentrations of NT-proBNP, NT-proANP, and cTnI were significantly higher in the affected group than in the control group (P=0.020, P=0.009, P=0.011, respectively). There was a positive correlation between RV:RA PG and NT-proBNP (r = 0.52), NT-proANP (r = 0.54), and cTnI (r = 0.67) concentrations.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Pre-PH should be included in the differential diagnosis list of elevated cardiac biomarker concentrations in dogs with respiratory signs.</div></div><div><h3>Study Limitations</h3><div>Strict selection criteria reduced group sizes. There were rare missing data points. The diagnosis of Pre-PH was obtained from Doppler echocardiographic RV:RA PG. The disease process causing Pre-PH was not evaluated histopathologically.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Circulating cardiac biomarker concentrations are increased in dogs with Pre-PH and there is a positive correlation between RV:RA PG and NT-proBNP, NT-proANP, and cTnI concentrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 56-64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1760273424000808/pdfft?md5=a73935379b3612d6ee471dae2333b733&pid=1-s2.0-S1760273424000808-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic value of a point-of-care cardiac troponin-I assay (i-STAT®) for clinical application in canine and feline cardiology","authors":"L. Ferasin ,&nbsp;H. Ferasin ,&nbsp;J. Farminer ,&nbsp;E. Hudson ,&nbsp;K. Lamb","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3><strong>Introduction/Objectives</strong></h3><p>This study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value and net benefits, including cost-effectiveness, of a point-of-care analyser (i-STAT®) for measurement of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in dogs and cats.</p></div><div><h3><strong>Animals, Materials and Methods</strong></h3><p>120 dogs and 120 cats presented with signs of cardiac disease and suspected myocardial insult on cardiac assessment. This was a validation study expressed as agreement between the i-STAT® analyser and two common commercial reference methods (IMMULITE® 2000 and ACCESS® hsTnI).</p></div><div><h3><strong>Results</strong></h3><p>The comparison between methods showed a negative bias between the i–STAT® and the two commercial cTnI assays. The bias was more evident when the i-STAT® values were compared to the traditional cTnI assay (IMMULITE® 2000), with a calculated difference of −1.14 ng/mL (dogs) and −0.96 ng/mL (cats). However, the bias was distinctly lower when the i-STAT® measurements were compared to the high-sensitivity cTnI assay (ACCESS®), namely −0.3 ng/mL in dogs and −0.17 in cats.</p></div><div><h3><strong>Discussion</strong></h3><p>The i-STAT® method can reliably detect normal, low and elevated cTnI values, which is fundamental to differentiate pets with and without myocardial damage and, with the rapid availability of results, this confirms the clinical utility of the i-STAT® method.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>cTnI concentrations measured with the i-STAT® have good comparability with those obtained with both commercial assays for low and elevated cTnI values. However, results should be cautiously interpreted for high troponin values, especially if a strict cut-off value is adopted for diagnostic or prognostic purposes in critical clinical conditions, such as myocarditis or acute myocardial ischaemia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 35-43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ruptured left sinus of Valsalva aneurysm into the left atrium in a dog","authors":"S.M. Fultz ,&nbsp;H.B. Kellihan ,&nbsp;P. Nagpal","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A dog with immune-mediated thrombocytopenia and a new heart murmur had an echocardiogram in 2016 and was found to have a suspected aorto-left atrial fistula. The echocardiogram findings remained relatively static from 2016 to 2022. This report highlights the use of cardiac-gated computed tomography angiography to allow further understanding of a complex anomaly in a patient with a ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm causing a fistulous connection with the left atrium.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}