Journal of Veterinary Cardiology最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Occurrence and distribution of left ventricular bands and normal anatomical features in 78 feline hearts” [J Vet Cardiol 59 (2025) 81–92]","authors":"N. Kiessling , S. Rørvig , J. Häggström","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Pages 10-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal title page and editorial board","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1760-2734(25)00049-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1760-2734(25)00049-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"Page i"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of visually estimated left heart size by echocardiography in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease","authors":"R. Baba ,&nbsp;D. Ito ,&nbsp;T. Toyofuku ,&nbsp;H. Ichihashi ,&nbsp;N. Arizuka ,&nbsp;M. Okada","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between visual estimation of left heart size and conventional echocardiographic measurements in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD).</div></div><div><h3>Animals, Materials and methods</h3><div>Seventy dogs with various stages of myxomatous mitral valve disease were retrospectively enrolled. Five investigators (two cardiologists and three non-cardiologists) received brief training before visually evaluating the left atrium-to-aortic ratio (LA:AO) and the presence of left ventricular enlargement using right parasternal long-axis five-chamber and basal short-axis echocardiographic videos. Correlations between visually estimated and conventionally measured LA:AOs were assessed using linear regression and Spearman's rank correlation. Interobserver agreement was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Agreement in identifying left ventricular enlargement was assessed using the Fleiss Kappa coefficient.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A strong correlation was found between visual estimation and conventional measurements of LA:AO (r = 0.89; ρ = 0.90; P&lt;0.001). Interobserver agreement for LA:AO visual estimation was good (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.76; 95% confidence interval: 0.65–0.84). Agreement between visual and conventional evaluation of left ventricular size was moderate (Fleiss Kappa = 0.50).</div></div><div><h3>Study Limitations</h3><div>Limitations include the use of high-quality images obtained by a cardiologist, the predominance of small-breed dogs, and the use of a non-standard imaging view for left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole normalized to body weight calculation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Visual estimation demonstrated strong correlation with quantitative LA:AO measurements and moderate agreement for left ventricular size. It may be a useful tool in emergency or primary care settings when conventional echocardiography is not feasible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"61 ","pages":"Pages 1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short- and long-term effects of hydrochlorothiazide in dogs with relapsing congestive heart failure due to myxomatous mitral valve disease: a retrospective analysis of 38 cases","authors":"G. Romito ,&nbsp;C. Mazzoldi ,&nbsp;L. Calebotta ,&nbsp;P. Castagna ,&nbsp;N.G. Pelle ,&nbsp;C. Valente ,&nbsp;H. Poser ,&nbsp;C. Guglielmini","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.05.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/Objectives</h3><div>Information on the use of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) in dogs with relapsing congestive heart failure (CHF) due to myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide data on HCTZ's short- and long-term effects in canine MMVD.</div></div><div><h3>Animals, materials, and methods</h3><div>Signalment, clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic, and outcome data of dogs with relapsing CHF due to MMVD treated with HCTZ were retrospectively reviewed. The initial time point was the day HCTZ was introduced for a CHF relapse. Optimized criteria were used to determine the appropriate timings for evaluating HCTZ's short-term effects on laboratory and echocardiographic variables and its long-term impact on CHF management.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-eight dogs were included. The initial median dose of HCTZ was 0.8 mg/kg/die. At a median of seven days after HCTZ prescription, creatinine, urea, and total calcium levels significantly increased, while sodium and potassium levels significantly decreased (P: from 0.045 to &lt;0.0001). While no dog developed severe electrolyte abnormalities, some dogs showed severe increases in creatinine and urea. After a median of 95 days, no significant echocardiographic changes developed (P: from 0.74 to 0.13). Episodes of CHF were more frequent before (median: one every 68 days) than after (median: one every 124 days) HCTZ prescription (P=0.006).</div></div><div><h3>Study limitations</h3><div>The study limitations included the retrospective design of the study; not all dogs were included both in the short- and long-term analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In canine MMVD, HCTZ is useful in long-term management of relapsing CHF. However, in the short term, HCTZ can cause laboratory abnormalities, primarily increased creatinine and urea.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Pages 57-69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of congestive heart failure by combining echocardiography and blood biomarkers in cats with cardiomyopathy","authors":"T. Shimoda ,&nbsp;T. Osuga ,&nbsp;K. Nakamura","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/Objectives</h3><div>In cats with cardiomyopathy, echocardiographic indices and blood biomarkers such as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) are useful in diagnosing congestive heart failure (CHF). However, the improvement in diagnostic accuracy by combining these indicators remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Animals, materials and methods</h3><div>Twenty-six cats diagnosed with cardiomyopathy using echocardiography were included in this study. They were classified into CHF and non-CHF groups according to the presence of pulmonary oedema or pleural effusion and response to heart failure treatment. The discriminative ability of each index for the presence of CHF was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The left atrial-to-aortic root ratio (LA/Ao) had the highest area under the curve of 0.952 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.878–1.0), followed by ANP 0.915 (95% CI 0: 0.808–1.0), cTnI 0.861 (95% CI: 0.722–0.999), and NTproBNP 0.830 (95% CI: 0.672–0.988). Adding NTproBNP and ANP to the LA/Ao did not improve the discriminative ability. Limited by the combination of blood biomarkers, ANP and cTnI showed the highest discriminative ability.</div></div><div><h3>Study Limitations</h3><div>Following were the limitations to this study: lack of standardised medication, inability to calculate true correlation for NTproBNP values &gt;1500 pmol/L, marked difference in disease severity between groups, inclusion of various cardiomyopathy types, reliance solely on LA/Ao for left atrial size assessment, and small sample size.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study indicates that if LA/Ao can be measured accurately, the significance of measuring cardiac biomarkers for diagnosing CHF in cats with cardiomyopathy is low.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Pages 70-78"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144270066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divided left atrium (Cor Triatriatum Sinister) with atresia of the right pulmonary veins in a cat","authors":"P. Savarino ,&nbsp;M. Borgarelli ,&nbsp;T. Massimiliano","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A nine-month-old, female Maine Coon cat was referred for acute respiratory distress. Echocardiography revealed the presence of a membrane dividing the left atrium into two chambers, suggestive of cor triatriatum sinister (CTS). Due to poor prognosis, the owner elected for humane euthanasia. At necropsy, a transverse fibromuscular membrane containing an orifice dividing the left atrium into two chambers was observed, confirming the diagnosis of CTS, or divided left atrium. Moreover, atresia of the outflow of right pulmonary veins into the left atrium was identified. This study reports the rare instance of CTS associated with anomalies of the pulmonary venous connection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Pages 23-29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ventriculophasic response in a horse with atrioventricular block","authors":"J. Liu,&nbsp;R. Baumwart,&nbsp;S. Kwon","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ventriculophasic response (VR) in atrioventricular nodal (AVN) block is characterized by a shortening of the sinoatrial cycle length when a QRS complex is interposed between two P waves. This has been well documented in humans and dogs with AVN blocks but not in horses. Herein, we describe a horse with second-degree AVN blocks and constant PR intervals that exhibited 5:3 conduction and suspected VR at rest but less consistently after submaximal exercise. Proposed VR mechanisms include (1) inhibition of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex from reduced end-systolic volume during ventricular contraction; (2) vagal inhibition from increased intra-atrial pressure (Bainbridge reflex); and (3) accelerated sinus node discharge from changes in sinus nodal blood supply during ventricular contraction. This case exhibited some electrocardiogram characteristics of the first two mechanisms to explain the PP interval alteration and suspected VR. Horses often exhibit physiologic AVN blocks, and clinicians should consider VR when interpreting equine electrocardiograms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Pages 46-49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cutting and high-pressure balloon angioplasty in a dog with concurrent pulmonary valvar and infundibular stenosis","authors":"R.L. Winter,&nbsp;K.L. Maneval,&nbsp;C.S. Ferrel","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A two-year-old, 7.7-kg female spayed Cocker spaniel dog was presented for further evaluation of severe pulmonary stenosis. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed severe concentric hypertrophy and dilation of the right ventricle, and two distinct levels of obstruction were observed. A discrete level of obstruction was observed at the crista supraventricularis. This lesion was hyperechoic and located roughly 11 mm away from the pulmonary annulus. Additionally, pulmonary leaflets were elongated and demonstrated systolic doming. These findings were consistent with concurrent pulmonary valvar and infundibular stenosis. The peak systolic pressure gradient across the pulmonary annulus assessed by continuous-wave Doppler interrogation was 190 mmHg. The following day, pulmonary balloon angioplasty was performed successfully with cutting and high-pressure balloon catheters. The day after intervention, echocardiography revealed that the peak systolic pressure gradient across the pulmonary annulus had decreased to 65 mmHg. This pressure gradient had further decreased to 30 mmHg nine months later.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Pages 50-56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Open atrial septal defect repair in a dog using fresh autologous pericardium","authors":"B.J. Sutherland ,&nbsp;M. Kraus ,&nbsp;C. Barr ,&nbsp;L. Aronson ,&nbsp;D. Holt ,&nbsp;S. Fuller","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A one-year-old standard poodle was presented for evaluation of exercise intolerance with suspicion for a large atrial septal defect. Transthoracic echocardiography identified an unrestricted 2-cm secundum-type atrial septal defect with a peak left-to-right flow of 1 m/s yielding a Qp/Qs ratio of 2.1:1 and moderate right-sided chamber dilation. Based on clinical signs and echocardiographic findings, closure was recommended. Transesophageal echocardiography was subsequently performed to help determine the most appropriate closure method, which revealed insufficient posterior rim, and hence, surgical repair was recommended. The defect was closed using fresh autologous pericardium under normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Surgery and immediate postoperative recovery were relatively uncomplicated. Intra-operative epicardial and postoperative transthoracic echocardiography showed no residual atrial septal defect. The patient was closely monitored in the intensive care unit until discharge eight days after the procedure with no cardiac medications. Follow-up echocardiogram was performed three weeks postoperatively, showing an intact patch, no evidence of interatrial shunting, and decrease in right-sided chamber size. At six months, echocardiography showed an intact septum, normal right atrial and ventricular size, and resolution of clinical signs. This is the first known report of the use of fresh autologous pericardium as a durable and safe patch choice for atrial septal defect repair in a dog. Autologous pericardium is cost-effective and readily available. It is commonly employed to repair many cardiovascular defects in humans including atrial septal defects, right ventricular outflow tract enlargement, and pulmonary artery augmentation. This report also highlights the benefit of multi-modal imaging in clinical decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Pages 30-35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the optimal Holter monitoring duration for detecting ventricular arrhythmia in dogs: a Bayesian approach","authors":"T. Gunasekaran,&nbsp;R.A. Sanders","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/Objectives</h3><div>The objective of this study was to determine the optimal duration of ambulatory electrocardiography (Holter) monitoring for detecting ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) and to assess day-to-day spontaneous variability in dogs using seven-day recordings.</div></div><div><h3>Animals, Materials, and Methods</h3><div>Medical records of dogs undergoing the consecutive seven-day Holter monitoring were retrospectively reviewed. Dogs were included if the Holter monitoring was performed for collapse, arrhythmia-related symptoms, or documented VAs on prior electrocardiography. Dogs undergoing routine breed screening or evaluated for bradyarrhythmias or supraventricular tachycardia were excluded. Day-to-day variability in VA burden was assessed using the percent coefficient of variation (CV%). Bayesian probability modeling was used to analyze arrhythmia detection from days one through seven, identifying the point at which additional monitoring provided diminishing diagnostic returns.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 124 Holter recordings reviewed, 87 met inclusion criteria. The percent coefficient of variation (CV%) for daily ventricular premature complex (VPC) frequency ranged from 8 to 188%. Bayesian analysis showed that detection of &gt;1000 VPCs, &gt;500 VPCs, or ventricular tachycardia episodes increased within the first three days of monitoring, with minimal improvement thereafter. Detection of &gt;100 VPCs plateaued after two days. R-on-T VPCs exhibited continued detection increases through days four to five. Dogs receiving anti-arrhythmic drugs plateaued by day three, whereas untreated dogs showed continued detection increases up to day five.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>The study's retrospective nature, modest sample size for treated dogs, and variability in anti-arrhythmic protocols may limit generalizability.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A three-day Holter monitoring duration is recommended for detecting most VAs in dogs, while four days may be required for R-on-T event detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Pages 14-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}