Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments最新文献

{"title":"Imaging Microtubule Dynamics In Vivo in Drosophila Sensory Dendrites.","authors":"Md Shah Jalal, Jacob Liao, Sabyasachi Sutradhar, Jonathon Howard","doi":"10.3791/74210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/74210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drosophila larval class IV sensory neurons are located just beneath the cuticle and are characterized by highly branched dendritic arbors that expand isotropically in two dimensions as the larvae develop. The growth of these arbors is driven by stochastic processes involving growth, shrinkage, and pausing of the dendritic terminal tips. To test the hypothesis that tip dynamics are driven by microtubule dynamics, protocols have been developed for imaging fluorescently labeled microtubules within dendrites. The method enables visualization of microtubule dynamics in fine terminal dendrites of class IV sensory neurons using confocal microscopy. It is designed to preserve dendritic arbor morphology during imaging while allowing microtubules to be visualized together with a membrane marker. This manuscript describes the procedures used to prepare Drosophila larvae for live imaging and to visualize fluorescently labeled microtubules in dendrites. The protocol, therefore, provides an approach to examining microtubule behavior in fine terminal dendrites while remaining compatible with membrane co-labeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 236","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149217073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HeartFusion: A Cross-Modality Transformer for Accurate Cardiovascular Disease Diagnosis and Severity Assessment.","authors":"Yingying Ji, Yu Hu","doi":"10.3791/72149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/72149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) requires diagnostic models that can integrate complementary electrophysiological and anatomical information while also representing ordered disease severity. HeartFusion was developed as a mathematically informed cross-modality Transformer framework combining electrocardiogram (ECG) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Wavelet-derived ECG time-frequency representations were encoded with Cardioformer, MRI structure was encoded with TransUNet, and modality-specific embeddings were aligned in a shared latent space using cosine-similarity-based cross-modal attention. A transformer classifier performed diagnostic prediction, while an ordinal regression head modeled four ordered severity stages. Three controlled pseudo-paired benchmark cohorts were constructed from PTB-XL with ACDC (CVD-I), MIMIC-IV-ECG with CMRxRecon (CVD-II), and PTB-XL/MIMIC-IV-ECG with OCMR/Cardiac Atlas Project data (CVD-III). Source observations were partitioned before pseudo-pair construction to prevent cross-partition leakage, and five matched random seeds were used for evaluation. HeartFusion achieved diagnostic accuracies of 97.73%, 98.23%, and 98.02%, with AUC values of 98.12%, 98.76%, and 98.39% on CVD-I, CVD-II, and CVD-III, respectively. Severity staging achieved ordinal accuracies above 90%, with the best Cohen's kappa of 0.839 and MAE of 0.340. These findings support phenotype-level multimodal representation learning, while validation on genuinely patient-matched ECG-MRI cohorts remains necessary before clinical deployment.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 236","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149217109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential Response Patterns for Characterizing Vestibular Dysfunction in Peripheral Vestibular Disorders.","authors":"Peijie Wang","doi":"10.3791/72838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/72838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) testing provides electrophysiological information on otolithic and superior vestibular pathway function, but its clinical interpretation often remains limited to a binary normal-or-abnormal judgment. This study developed and applied a structured oVEMP response-pattern protocol, together with an exploratory, study-specific composite abnormality-burden grade, to characterize vestibular dysfunction in patients with peripheral vestibular disorders. From February 2024 to December 2025, 110 adults with Ménière's disease, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, sudden sensorineural hearing loss with vertigo, vestibular neuritis, or other peripheral vestibular injury underwent standardized clinical assessment and bilateral oVEMP testing. Parameters included N10 latency, P15 latency, N10-P15 amplitude, response threshold, interaural amplitude asymmetry ratio, 1,000/500 Hz amplitude ratio, waveform absence, and the composite grade. Abnormal oVEMP responses were found in 62.7% of patients. Ménière's disease showed a higher 1,000/500 Hz amplitude ratio, while the small heterogeneous vestibular neuritis/other peripheral vestibular injury composite group showed more absent responses and higher composite grades. Across all four analytical groups, response-pattern and grade distributions differed; however, sensitivity analyses restricted to the three larger diagnostically homogeneous groups attenuated these between-group differences. At 4 weeks, abnormal oVEMP responses, marked interaural asymmetry, and higher exploratory grades were associated with residual dizziness. These findings support structured oVEMP response-pattern analysis as a functional descriptive framework, but they do not establish diagnostic accuracy or validate the proposed grade as a universal severity scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 236","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149217231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pressure Injury Prevention in Advanced Cancer: A Narrative Review and Proposed Comfort-Prioritized, Risk-Stratified Framework.","authors":"Zujing Wang, Wei Shen, Yu Ma, Ping Yu","doi":"10.3791/73376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/73376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with advanced cancer are particularly vulnerable to pressure injury (PI) because of immobility, symptom-related positioning constraints, moisture exposure, nutritional compromise, and progressive physiological deterioration. PIs can increase symptom burden and nursing complexity and substantially impair quality of life. This narrative review synthesizes evidence on PI risk assessment tools, risk factors, and preventive strategies for adults with advanced cancer. Evidence was drawn from oncology-specific validation and observational studies, palliative care literature, international clinical guidelines, and studies involving broader high-risk populations, with the directness and certainty of evidence distinguished for major recommendations. Oncology-specific evidence supports selected risk factors and assessment approaches, whereas much of the evidence for preventive interventions is extrapolated from non-oncology populations. Pressure-redistribution support surfaces, individualized repositioning, selective preventive dressings, nutritional care, and symptom management should therefore be tailored to PI risk, intervention burden, prognosis, patient preferences, and goals of care. To integrate these considerations, we propose a comfort-prioritized, risk-stratified conceptual framework for advanced cancer care. The framework supports individualized decision-making across palliative and actively dying phases while emphasizing both PI-related and patient-centered outcomes, including comfort, pain, sleep disruption, and goal-concordant care.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 236","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149217337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MicroRNA Regulatory Networks in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease: Mechanisms from Steatosis and Inflammation to Fibrosis.","authors":"Du Shihao, Yuan Dongqin, Liu Qianqian, Ge Jianing, Li Zhijun","doi":"10.3791/73126","DOIUrl":"10.3791/73126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide and progresses through steatosis, alcohol-associated hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are established post-transcriptional regulators whose roles in ALD-associated signaling networks have been increasingly characterized. Recent high-throughput sequencing and functional studies have revealed dual regulatory roles of miRNA families, such as miR-122, miR-155, and miR-21, at different disease stages. However, most studies have focused on individual miRNAs, and network-level cooperative regulation and clinical translation remain underexplored. This narrative review examines the molecular mechanisms of miRNAs in alcohol-induced steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, with a particular focus on network-level cooperative regulation. Key findings indicate that miRNAs function as stage-specific and cell-type-specific regulators, with miR-122, miR-155, miR-21, miR-29, and miR-34a acting as central network nodes. These insights provide a framework for the identification of early diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in ALD.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 236","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149217174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation-Induced Esophagitis: From Clinical Observation to Precision Management.","authors":"Yaqi Song, Biao Gu, Gang Ma, Xudong Song, Wubi Zhou, Changsong Xu, Honglei Luo, Jingjing Dai","doi":"10.3791/74837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/74837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For the past seven decades, radiation-induced esophagitis (RE) has been a major dose-limiting acute toxicity of thoracic radiotherapy, substantially impairing patients' quality of life and their ability to complete planned treatment courses. Research on RE has progressed from phenomenological reporting to multidimensional quantification and, more recently, toward precision-driven intervention. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current research on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, risk stratification, predictive modeling, prevention, and treatment of radiation-induced esophagitis. Dose-volume parameters established an important quantitative framework for risk assessment, while more recent advances in genomic profiling, functional imaging, and artificial intelligence have supported the development of integrative multi-omics predictive models. Pharmacological prophylaxis has shown limited success in randomized trials, whereas technical refinements in radiation delivery and emerging regenerative approaches offer promising alternatives. Persistent knowledge gaps remain, including the need for prospective multicenter validation of omics-derived models, re-evaluation of RE risk in the immunotherapy era, investigation of chronomodulated treatment scheduling, and translation of tissue-engineering strategies into clinical practice. The review is intended to provide clinicians and investigators with a comprehensive reference and to support future research in thoracic radiation oncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 236","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arthroscopic Matrix Augmentation of Partial-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tear Repairs Using a Full-Thickness Human Perinatal Tissue Allograft.","authors":"Stephan G Pill, Jeremy J Mercuri","doi":"10.3791/71927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/71927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Partial-thickness rotator cuff tears (PTRCTs) are common and many progress to full-thickness tears. A persistently symptomatic PTRCT can result in pain, weakness, sleep disturbances, and functional loss. The high incidence, reported progression rates, limited intrinsic healing capability, and functional impairments motivate investigation into effective surgical strategies when conservative care fails. Human perinatal tissue allografts have been previously used for full-thickness rotator cuff tear repair in limited instances, however their fragility makes arthroscopic handling challenging. Herein, we describe two patients who were successfully treated with perinatal tissue membrane allograft matrix augmentation (PTAMA) using an arthroscopic onlay technique after failed conservative care. The perinatal tissue allograft (MLG-COMPLETE; Samaritan Biologics) was found to have handling characteristics that could withstand arthroscopic manipulation and suturing. Following PTAMA, both patients had a significant reduction in pain levels (VAS) at 3 months and improved function (ASES and SANE) at final follow-up (13-15 months). No complications were seen in either patient. At final follow-up, strength and range of motion had returned to normal in both patients. PTRCTs are common and can be challenging to treat. Incorporation of an arthroscopic perinatal tissue membrane allograft onlay is feasible in symptomatic PTRCT after failed conservative treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 236","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Acceptance in Turkish Fathers of Children with Intellectual Disabilities: A Two-Phase Protocol.","authors":"Hasan Basri Dede, Ayse Bengisoy, Anil Gorkem","doi":"10.3791/72127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/72127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fathers of children with intellectual disabilities remain underrepresented in disability and family research and in parent-support interventions. This article presents a two-phase protocol for developing the Fathers' Acceptance of Children with Special Needs Scale (FACSNS) and evaluating a manualized psychoeducational program for fathers in Türkiye. Phase 1 involved the development and psychometric validation of the FACSNS using data from 220 fathers of children with moderate or severe intellectual disabilities. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a three-factor structure comprising behavioral, internal, and emotional acceptance. The scale accounted for 71.25% of the total variance and demonstrated high internal consistency (α = 0.917). Phase 2 evaluated the effects of a six-week cognitive-behavioral psychoeducational program on fathers' acceptance of their children with intellectual disabilities. A quasi-experimental pretest, post-test, and follow-up design was used with an experimental group (n = 20) and a control group (n = 20). Repeated-measures analyses showed greater increases in FACSNS scores in the experimental group than in the control group across the three acceptance dimensions, and post-test scores were broadly maintained at follow-up. Because group allocation was not randomized, the findings indicate an association between program participation and improved paternal acceptance, not definitive causal evidence. The protocol may support replication, adaptation, and further validation of father-inclusive family-support programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 236","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Aberrant miR-508-3p Expression in Acute Ischemic Stroke.","authors":"Shitong Zhang, Wendong Zuo, Dayan Wang, Wenqian Huang, Zheng Wang, Yingju Jin, Qiaomei Yan","doi":"10.3791/71815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/71815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objectives were to investigate serum miR-508-3p expression in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), determine its value for early diagnosis and prognosis of AIS, and preliminarily explore its underlying mechanism. A total of 131 AIS patients (case group) admitted between January 2023 and December 2024, and 125 healthy individuals (control group) were enrolled. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect serum miR-508-3p expression, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to assess the concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and CRP in serum samples. The clinical value of miR-508-3p was analyzed using correlation, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and Kaplan-Meier methods. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of 90-day outcome. In vitro, human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) were subjected to OGD/R; cell viability, injury, and apoptosis were determined by CCK-8, LDH release, and flow cytometry, and the miR-508-3p/SOCS3 targeted binding was confirmed using a dual-luciferase reporter system. Serum miR-508-3p was significantly decreased in AIS patients compared with controls (p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and CRP (all p < 0.001). ROC analysis yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.8641 (95%CI: 0.8184-0.9098), with 87.79% sensitivity and 72.80% specificity. Multivariate analysis confirmed low miR-508-3p as an independent predictor of poor 90-day prognosis (OR 0.002, 95% CI 0.000-0.581, p = 0.032). In vitro, miR-508-3p overexpression enhanced HBMEC viability and reduced LDH release and apoptosis after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). Dual‑luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-508-3p targets the 3'UTR of SOCS3. Downregulated serum miR-508-3p is associated with AIS severity, inflammation, and poor prognosis, suggesting its diagnostic and prognostic potential. Its protective effect may involve targeting suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) and alleviating brain microvascular endothelial cell injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 236","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Filgotinib in Ulcerative Colitis: Long-term Outcomes and Treatment Positioning.","authors":"He Zhong, Xiao Ma, Yan Jiao","doi":"10.3791/74528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3791/74528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The therapeutic landscape of ulcerative colitis (UC) has expanded substantially with biologics and small-molecule agents, yet durable disease control, safety, and treatment sequencing remain important challenges. Filgotinib is an oral inhibitor with preferential activity for Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) relative to JAK2, JAK3, and tyrosine kinase 2. The pivotal SELECTION trial established induction and maintenance efficacy, and long-term extension and real-world studies have reported sustained clinical and patient-reported benefits in selected populations. Direct head-to-head trials remain scarce; most comparative evidence derives from network meta-analyses and nonrandomized cohorts that are vulnerable to heterogeneity and channeling bias. Rare adverse outcomes also remain imprecisely estimated. This narrative review integrates pivotal trials, long-term extension data, full peer-reviewed real-world studies, comparative analyses, guidelines, and regulatory information. It emphasizes cautious interpretation of JAK1 preference, clinically relevant risk assessment and monitoring, reproductive considerations, and geographic variation in therapeutic positioning. Filgotinib should be considered one option within individualized treatment sequencing rather than a uniformly preferred therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":48787,"journal":{"name":"Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments","volume":" 236","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149217072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}