Current Osteoporosis Reports最新文献

{"title":"Brain-bone Crosstalk after Neurotrauma: Dual Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on Skeletal Remodeling.","authors":"Vetriganesh Maduraiveeran, Shivum Lal, Carlos Isales, Krishnan Dhandapani, Sadanand Fulzele","doi":"10.1007/s11914-026-00968-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-026-00968-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is increasingly recognized as a systemic disorder with significant effects on skeletal biology. This review summarizes current evidence describing how TBI impacts fracture healing, heterotopic ossification, and long-term bone remodeling.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Clinical observations and experimental models demonstrate that TBI can accelerate early fracture callus formation and increase the risk of heterotopic ossification, suggesting a transient pro-osteogenic state following injury. Proposed mechanisms include neuroinflammatory cytokine release, sympathetic nervous system activation, neuroendocrine dysregulation, and mobilization of osteoprogenitor cells. Conversely, persistent neuroinflammation, hypothalamic-pituitary axis dysfunction, oxidative stress, and altered autonomic signaling are associated with impaired fracture remodeling, increased bone resorption, and progressive bone loss. Emerging data implicate extracellular vesicle-mediated signaling as a key pathway linking brain injury to skeletal outcomes. TBI induces a contextual, biphasic skeletal response with both osteogenic and degenerative consequences. Understanding this duality is essential for optimizing fracture care and preserving bone health after neurotrauma.</p>","PeriodicalId":48750,"journal":{"name":"Current Osteoporosis Reports","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteopetrosis: Pathogenesis, Clinical Management, and Emerging Therapies.","authors":"Simone Donati, Cinzia Aurilia, Gaia Palmini, Irene Falsetti, Francesca Marini, Francesca Giusti, Roberto Zonefrati, Francesco Ranaldi, Teresa Iantomasi, Maria Luisa Brandi","doi":"10.1007/s11914-026-00969-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-026-00969-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of the review: </strong>Osteopetrosis is a heterogeneous group of bone diseases with increased bone density as a result of defective osteoclast function or differentiation. The clinical presentations range from the early, often lethal, infantile malignant forms to the mild autosomal dominant forms. This review provides recent updates in preclinical findings regarding molecular genetics, diagnosis, and novel therapeutic approaches in osteopetrosis.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The diagnosis is radiologic, supported by biochemical and genetic examination to identify mutations in the key genes involved in osteoclasts, TCIRG1, CLCN7, OSTM1, SNX10, RANK, and RANKL. Treatment is at present largely the management of complications and includes vitamin D and calcium supplements, IFN-γ therapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the latter being the treatment of choice for most forms of osteopetrosis. Two gene therapy- and iPSCs-derived strategies, based on reconstituting the function of osteoclasts, have been recently developed for the management of this hereditary bone disease. Furthermore, emerging findings suggest the possible involvement of epigenetic mechanisms, such as non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), in osteopetrosis pathophysiology, paving the way for potential novel diagnostic biomarkers and tailored molecular treatments. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of recent progress in molecular genetics, diagnosis, and novel therapeutic strategies in osteopetrosis and to illustrate conceivable scenarios in regenerative and gene-based therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":48750,"journal":{"name":"Current Osteoporosis Reports","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequential Versus Step-Therapy Approaches for Osteoporosis Management in Orthopedic Subspecialties.","authors":"Samer G Salman, Rohan Phadke, James Burnett, Jonathan Walsh","doi":"10.1007/s11914-026-00967-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-026-00967-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Osteoporosis affects more than 53 million Americans and contributes to nearly 2 million fragility fractures each year, yet most patients who sustain fractures never receive guideline-recommended pharmacotherapy. Traditional step-therapy typically begins with bisphosphonates and reserves anabolic agents for later-line use, whereas sequential therapy prioritizes anabolic treatment followed by antiresorptive consolidation. This review synthesizes the evidence comparing these treatment paradigms and examines their relevance to orthopedic populations, in whom bone quality directly influences fracture healing, fixation, fusion, and implant-related outcomes.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Among 37 studies meeting PRISMA-ScR inclusion criteria, anabolic-first sequential therapy generally produced greater gains in bone mineral density and greater fracture risk reduction than step-therapy or antiresorptive monotherapy. In one representative trial, romosozumab followed by denosumab achieved a 16.8% increase in lumbar spine bone mineral density versus 7.5% with monotherapy, and 92% versus 47% of patients reached treatment targets. In ARCH, anabolic-first therapy was associated with 48% lower vertebral fracture risk and 38% lower hip fracture risk. In orthopedic settings, emerging evidence suggests that sequential protocols may improve postoperative bone mineral density after hip fracture, support spinal fusion, and mitigate periprosthetic bone loss after arthroplasty. Prior antiresorptive exposure appeared to attenuate subsequent anabolic response, particularly at the hip, supporting the rationale for earlier anabolic use. Economic analyses also suggest that, despite higher upfront drug costs, sequential therapy may be cost-effective in patients at high fracture risk. Current evidence supports anabolic-first sequential therapy as a more effective strategy than step-therapy for improving bone mineral density and reducing fracture risk in appropriately selected high-risk patients. For orthopedic populations, the available data suggest meaningful potential benefits in hip fracture care, spinal reconstruction, and arthroplasty, although subspecialty-specific evidence remains more limited than the broader osteoporosis literature. These findings support reconsideration of formulary and treatment policies that delay anabolic therapy in patients most likely to benefit.</p>","PeriodicalId":48750,"journal":{"name":"Current Osteoporosis Reports","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13144194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Statistical Shape and Appearance Modelling for Predicting Osteoporotic Fracture Risk.","authors":"Edward M Chu, Cheryl E Quenneville","doi":"10.1007/s11914-026-00966-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-026-00966-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Osteoporotic fractures remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current clinical assessment metrics (e.g., bone mineral density) are limited in their ability to identify fracture risk and bone strength. Statistical Shape and Appearance Modelling (SSAM) offers a method to quantify anatomical geometry and density patterns. This review examines advancements in SSAM for osteoporosis research.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recent literature demonstrates that SSAM can capture detailed bone geometry and internal density distribution. Increasingly, these models are combined with computational analytics, including finite element analysis and machine learning, to assess the mechanical and structural behavior of bone. SSAM provides a robust quantitative framework for bone research. Notably, SSAM is used to reconstruct 3D subjects from clinical 2D images for biomechanical evaluation. Although clinical adoption remains limited by generalizability, the advancement of deep learning and complex SSAM pipelines supports its potential for osteoporosis screening and fracture risk prediction.</p>","PeriodicalId":48750,"journal":{"name":"Current Osteoporosis Reports","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PHEWAS, TWAS, Mendelian Randomization in Osteoporosis Research: the good, the bad, and the ugly.","authors":"Siwen Li, Katerina Trajanoska","doi":"10.1007/s11914-026-00962-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11914-026-00962-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48750,"journal":{"name":"Current Osteoporosis Reports","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13065573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteocyte Cell-Cell Communication Within and Beyond Bone.","authors":"Astrid D Bakker, Victor J B van Santen","doi":"10.1007/s11914-026-00964-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11914-026-00964-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48750,"journal":{"name":"Current Osteoporosis Reports","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13068669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health-related Quality of Life After Vertebral Augmentation for Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures.","authors":"Si Wei, Zhenjin Cai, Hao Zheng, Hongjie Zhang, Xiaoli Quan, Yaoyue Luo, Guangwei Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11914-026-00959-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-026-00959-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48750,"journal":{"name":"Current Osteoporosis Reports","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interferon-JAK-STAT Axis in Bone Metabolism.","authors":"Shunichi Yokota, Masataka Mizuno, Akio Umemoto, Wataru Morita, Kyung-Hyun Park-Min","doi":"10.1007/s11914-026-00960-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-026-00960-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48750,"journal":{"name":"Current Osteoporosis Reports","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147516238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Imaging-Based Fracture Risk Assessment for Unlocking Latent Skeletal Fragility.","authors":"Yisak Kim, Sung Hye Kong","doi":"10.1007/s11914-026-00961-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11914-026-00961-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48750,"journal":{"name":"Current Osteoporosis Reports","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13004730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147491937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The PTSD-Bone Axis: Evidence, Mechanisms, and Management.","authors":"Olivia X Jones, Kirsten D Kelly, Stephanie K Khoo, Ryan R Kelly, Sara J Sidles, Amanda C LaRue","doi":"10.1007/s11914-026-00957-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11914-026-00957-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48750,"journal":{"name":"Current Osteoporosis Reports","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12992440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147469823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}