Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment最新文献

{"title":"The agrifood-system wage gap and structural transformation: cross-country evidence","authors":"Marwan Benali ,&nbsp;Vanya Slavchevska ,&nbsp;Natalia Piedrahita ,&nbsp;Benjamin Davis ,&nbsp;Nicholas Sitko ,&nbsp;Carlo Azzarri ,&nbsp;Gianluigi Nico ,&nbsp;Dung Thi Le ,&nbsp;Jessika Kluth","doi":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evidence from high income countries shows that the gender pay gap in wage employment has decreased over time, though it has not closed. However, little evidence exists on how the gender wage gap varies as countries undergo processes of structural transformation that lead to rising wages and a shift in employment from primary agricultural production. Disaggregating agricultural, agrifood-system and non-agrifood-system wage employment, this study provides empirical estimates of the gender pay gap across countries at different stages of structural transformation. Based on a multi-country dataset and using the Kitagawa-Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition approach, the study sheds light on the different factors driving the pay gap along the structural transformation process. Our analysis shows significant gender gaps in both agrifood systems and non-agrifood systems that do not always decrease with structural transformation. Both differences in female and male employee's observed characteristics and differences in returns continue to contribute to gender gaps, suggesting the need for gender-responsive policies to address the underlying factors that drive these gaps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48741,"journal":{"name":"Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100851"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into the measurement of household well-being for vulnerable economies: Evidence from Pakistan's labor and diet data","authors":"Robina Kouser ,&nbsp;Faisal Abbas ,&nbsp;Suresh Chandra Babu ,&nbsp;Mousumi Bhattacharjee","doi":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Well-being is a multidimensional concept. Global measures of well-being like the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) use indicators such as education, health, and living standards. Nevertheless, both HDI and MPI do not include essential factors of human well-being, especially in lower- and middle-income economies, i.e., decent work and food insecurity. Lack of decent work and food insecurity are two key factors that majorly contribute to the deprivation of household well-being. The lack of decent work conditions substantially contributes to various issues, including low wages, long working hours, and unsafe work environments. These factors can have a detrimental impact on the physical and mental health of workers. Similarly, food insecurity correlates with malnutrition, leading to poor health outcomes and a diminished quality of life. Addressing decent work and food security is essential for improving community well-being and health. In this paper, we construct a novel index that is decomposable to incorporate these dimensions of well-being, i.e., labor and diet. Employing Alkire and Foster (2008) methodology, we develop a multi-dimensional well-being index (MWBI) using PSLM/HIES (2018–19) data for different occupational groups in Pakistan. Our findings indicate that 26 % of households experience poor well-being in Pakistan, with rural areas facing double the deprivation relative to urban areas. KPK province ranks the most deprived, while Punjab is the least deprived. Female-headed households are more deprived (34 %) than male-headed households (26 %). Those in low-skill, agricultural, or entertainment sectors perform the worst. In contrast, those in high-skill, non-agriculture, real estate, and clerical support roles show the least deprivation. Our policy recommendations are improving skills through technical and vocational training programs, supporting legislation to enforce the minimum wage for informal workers, and enhancing labor protections and job opportunities for women. Focusing on the interplay of labor and diet is pivotal for promoting well-being in vulnerable economies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48741,"journal":{"name":"Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100876"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future foodscape: Impact of population decline and aging on China's dietary carbon footprint and food security","authors":"Wenling Liu ,&nbsp;Guodong Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinzhu Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The food system is a major contributor to global climate change, making its decarbonization and sustainable transformation a critical area of academic inquiry. As many countries, including China, experience rapid population aging, new challenges emerge for reducing food-related carbon emissions. Variations in dietary preferences and entrenched eating habits across age groups introduce substantial uncertainty into projections of future dietary carbon footprints. This study analyzes age-specific dietary carbon emissions, simulates the impact of demographic aging on China's food-related emissions, and explores the drivers of dietary transitions. Using microdata from the 2014 China Urban Household Survey, we simulate the effects of demographic changes—both in population size and structure—and potential shifts in dietary behavior. The results indicate that total dietary carbon emissions are likely to peak and then decline around 2030 due to population contraction. However, per capita emissions will increase as the population ages. Health-oriented dietary transitions and technological advancements in agriculture could reduce emissions by approximately 10 %–13 % and 22 %–26 %, respectively. Although the dietary system may face reduced carbon pressure, other systemic risks could arise. Notably, aging may lead to a decline in the agricultural workforce, exacerbating mismatches between labor supply and food demand, and posing additional risks to food security. These findings underscore the need for improved agricultural efficiency, technological innovation, and a carefully coordinated approach to urbanization and rural revitalization strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48741,"journal":{"name":"Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100875"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the complexity of food systems assessments: A systematic literature review of frameworks and indicators","authors":"Yuba Raj Subedi ,&nbsp;Cecile Godde ,&nbsp;Pradeepa Korale-Gedara ,&nbsp;Jeremy Farr ,&nbsp;Selina Fyfe","doi":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is growing momentum at the global level to assess food systems. This study aims to understand how food systems are being assessed by examining the frameworks, dimensions and indicators used. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature review identified 40 studies that primarily focused on assessing food systems or their components through a set of indicators. The review identified twelve key focus areas, of which sustainability assessments and the monitoring of food system performance were the most common. A limited number of studies explicitly defined what “food system” meant and how it was conceptualised in their study – a key point that most studies overlooked. Among the studies that used a framework, two types—conceptual and analytical—were used. Studies often modified frameworks by integrating theoretical concepts, methodological approaches, and disciplinary lenses to align with their goals and contexts. There was significant variation in the types and numbers of dimensions used to assess the same aspects of food systems. This study compiled 1096 indicators, revealing a skewed distribution towards environmental, socioeconomic, and nutrition-related domains. Literature reviews and participatory methods were the two most common approaches for selecting and shortlisting indicators. The predominance of outcome-related indicators compared to drivers and activities suggests that assessments have largely prioritised measuring impacts rather than understanding the underlying drivers and processes that shape food systems. This study highlights the importance of clearly defining food systems and being explicit about the motivations and underlying assumptions for choosing frameworks and indicators. Doing so is vital to ensure consistency in assessments and to advance knowledge for addressing complex food system challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48741,"journal":{"name":"Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100881"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A global scoping review of alternative food movements calls for food justice and justice beyond individual humans","authors":"Laxmi Prasad Pant ,&nbsp;Sharada Prasad Wasti ,&nbsp;Charoula Konstantia Nikolaou ,&nbsp;Prajal Pradhan ,&nbsp;Georgie Hurst ,&nbsp;Kiran Kumari Bhattarai","doi":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to synthesise evidence on an under-researched area of food systems, the justice implications of alternative food movements (AFMs) globally across all possible contexts (e.g., geographic, socio-political, and historical). The search strategy involves two sets of keywords, representing food justice and alternative food movements, and three databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and Medline). A total of 140 peer-reviewed studies met the inclusion criteria and were subjected to topic modeling. The modeling exercise resulted in nine topics: (1) genesis of food banks; (2) second-generation food banks; (3) food aid for nutrition security; (4) food aid for health equity; (5) food policy coalitions; (6) food advocacy coalitions; (7) bringing back nature into agriculture; (8) the new garden city movement; and (9) food sovereignty. Cluster analysis grouped these topics into two themes: technical aspects of food provisioning and institutional dimensions of food system governance. Together, these themes describe how the literature addresses multiple dimensions of food justice: anthropocentric, multispecies, and planetary justice. The findings reveal that literature on AFMs focuses more on reformist, protectionist approaches within urban-centric public and private welfare systems than on emancipatory, transformative food justice movements. Our findings suggest an important gap in the literature in understanding structural barriers to food justice and how expanding the subject of food justice beyond individual humans advances emancipatory food movements toward more-than-human non-dualism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48741,"journal":{"name":"Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100877"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeing famines: An exploration of the spatial dimensions of severe hunger crises","authors":"Paul Howe ,&nbsp;Theo Anastopoulo ,&nbsp;Christopher Newton","doi":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Famines can take various spatial forms, from sieges of single villages to transcontinental crises. Yet there has been little systematic study and conceptualization of their spatial dimensions, leading to confusion about where they are happening or will likely happen at a time of heightened risk globally. This paper helps to address this gap. It proposes that famines occur either in geographically wide-ranging ‘clusters’ of crises sharing common drivers or as stand-alone ‘singulars’ contained in delimited areas. It then makes a series of distinctions within these broader categories, classifying crises on a spectrum from closed to open, providing a vocabulary for describing spatial elements, and identifying a typology of common profiles. It applies the terminology and typology to a range of historical and contemporary crises. While recognizing the fundamental importance of political factors in causation, as well as some of the challenges in applying this approach, the paper argues that a clearer understanding of the spatial dimensions and logic of these crises can improve attempts to identify, respond to, and prevent famines in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48741,"journal":{"name":"Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100878"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the drought-food insecurity nexus: a social-ecological systems perspective","authors":"Debashis Roy ,&nbsp;Steven A. Gillespie ,&nbsp;Md Sarwar Hossain","doi":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the era of Anthropocene, drought frequency and severity are projected to increase globally, posing significant challenges in achieving food security (SDG 2). While remarkable progress has been made in drought and food insecurity research, relatively few studies have attempted to capture the inherent complexity of the drought-food insecurity nexus, particularly the interactions and feedback between ecological and social systems. An example of a feedback loop is that, as drought reduces crop production and heightens food insecurity, it can also lead to greater reliance on irrigation, which in turn depletes water resources, thereby exacerbating drought conditions. Moreover, the traditional approach of viewing drought as a natural phenomenon and food insecurity as a social phenomenon indicates flaws in assessing and monitoring the drought-food insecurity nexus. In this perspective, we propose a social-ecological systems (SES) approach that holistically integrates these dimensions, emphasizing the complex interactions and feedback that characterize the drought-food insecurity nexus. We also present a conceptual SES model developed in the context of the regional drought-food insecurity nexus in Bangladesh and discuss its implications in future research. We argue that cross-sectoral collaboration is needed for identifying leverage points and designing policy interventions to achieve food security targets. We also suggest that future research needs to consider all the complex relationships and trade-offs between social and ecological systems to inform sustainable policy development relating to achieving food security (SDG 2) by 2030 and long-after.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48741,"journal":{"name":"Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100874"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unintended consequences of a financial incentive scheme for fruit and vegetable purchasing in an unorganised retail setting in rural India","authors":"Judith Lieber ,&nbsp;Sanjay Kinra ,&nbsp;Srivalli Addanki ,&nbsp;Swarnaa Prabhakar ,&nbsp;Santhi Bhogadi ,&nbsp;Poppy A.C. Mallinson ,&nbsp;Anura V. Kurpad ,&nbsp;Helen L. Walls ,&nbsp;Bharati Kulkarni ,&nbsp;Shilpa Aggarwal ,&nbsp;Richa Pande ,&nbsp;Kiruthika Selvaraj ,&nbsp;Arindam Debbarma ,&nbsp;Sarang Deo ,&nbsp;Nanda Kishore Kannuri","doi":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Consumption of fruits and vegetables in rural India is among the lowest in the world. We assessed how a financial incentive scheme influenced purchasing of fruits and vegetables in an unorganised retail setting in rural India and explored any unintended consequences. We used a mixed-methods approach, triangulating between in-depth interviews with community members, vendors, local leaders, and intervention implementors (N = 21) and fruit and vegetable purchasing surveys (N = 1109), vendor sales surveys (N = 36), and routine coupon use data. The intervention led households to use their own budgets to buy fruits and vegetables and receive the cashback. This was used to buy more fruits and vegetables (45 % and 77 % of intervention participants, respectively). Changes in purchasing behaviours unexpectedly increased farmer-to-consumer sales in the village markets. This increased the variety of fruit and vegetables purchased locally (baseline-adjusted mean difference of 2.2 items in intervention versus control villages (95 % CI: −0.7 to 5.1)) but may have negatively impacted the sales of existing vendors (baseline-adjusted mean difference of −150₹ in intervention versus control villages (95 % CI: −296 to −0.1). Financial incentive schemes have the potential to change the food environment in unorganised retail settings, which could have major consequences for diets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48741,"journal":{"name":"Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100869"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levelling the farm fields: A cross-country study of the determinants of gender-based yield gaps","authors":"Gustavo Anríquez ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Quiñónez ,&nbsp;William Foster","doi":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the last decade there has been growing global attention to the problem of female farmers lagging in terms of agricultural productivity compared with male farmers. The present study returns to the question of gender-based differences in farm productivity, decomposing differences in farm yields between male and female farmers. We identify one part of the gap explained by differences in attributes and access to productive assets, and another part explained by differences in returns to assets and attributes (i.e. “unexplained” differences). This paper applies the Kitagawa-Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition to gender-based productivity gaps using nationally representative household surveys from 11 developing countries from Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. We estimate productivity models for each country utilizing a comparable set of explanatory assets and attributes. We also implement a comparable decomposition of observed productivity gaps. The cross-country meta-analysis shows that observed total gaps in productivity by gender do not always favor male farmers; the decomposition of these gaps, however, reveals that female farmers generally face gender-specific constraints that manifest as lower returns to attributes and assets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48741,"journal":{"name":"Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100873"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender gap in agricultural labour productivity: A comparison across African countries","authors":"Natalia Piedrahita,&nbsp;Valentina Costa,&nbsp;Erdgin Mane","doi":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100872","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In sub-Saharan Africa, where women constitute half of the agricultural workforce, their productivity is often constrained by limited access to productive resources and discriminatory practices. This study uses data from the World Bank's Living Standards Measurement Study–Integrated Surveys on Agriculture in Ethiopia, Malawi, Nigeria, Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania to examine gender gaps in agricultural labour productivity. Employing the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition approach, we analyse the primary factors contributing to the observed productivity disparities across these countries. Our findings reveal that labour productivity is highest among male-managed plots, with an average gap of 33 percent with variations across countries ranging from 10 percent in Ethiopia to 47 percent in Uganda. The findings suggest that the endowment effect is the leading driver of the gender gap in all countries except northern Nigeria and Uganda, where the structural effect predominates. The higher productivity among male-managed plots is primarily driven by differential access to inputs, including labour and non-labour inputs, managerial and household characteristics. Compared to jointly managed plots, the results suggest a nuanced relationship for female-managed plots with a non-significant relationship in northern and southern Nigeria, Ethiopia, and Tanzania, whereas female-managed plots are more productive in Uganda and less productive in Malawi.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48741,"journal":{"name":"Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100872"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}