Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment最新文献

{"title":"From input-driven to efficiency-sustained growth: Four decades of transformation in China's national agricultural programs","authors":"Xueyuan Bai,&nbsp;Jie Zhang,&nbsp;Yujiao Lyu,&nbsp;Gerard H. Ros,&nbsp;Wim de Vries,&nbsp;Luuk Fleskens,&nbsp;Zhenling Cui,&nbsp;Xuejun Liu,&nbsp;Fusuo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.gfs.2026.100930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfs.2026.100930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainably feeding an increasingly affluent global population remains a major challenge. Since the 1980s, China has implemented national agricultural programs, initially aimed at boosting yields and later expanding to improve resource use efficiency and sustainability. Using an ensemble machine learning framework, we quantified their impacts on crop yield and fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) from 1980 to 2020 while combining anthropogenic and natural factors. This approach explained about 80% of variation in crop yield and FUE. Over four decades, China's average crop yield doubled from 2.9 to 5.7 t ha⁻¹, with 59% of the increase associated with these programs. Yield gains were initially linked to increased fertilizer inputs, which were accompanied by a decline in FUE, and over time, national programs coincided with the stabilization and improvement of FUE in most prefectures. These results highlight four decades of Chinese agricultural policy interventions from input-driven to efficiency-sustained yield growth, offering guidance for sustainable food security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48741,"journal":{"name":"Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100930"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148958510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the effectiveness of agricultural commercialization interventions in improving food security in developing countries: A meta review","authors":"Qinye Jiang,&nbsp;Ariun Ishdorj,&nbsp;Elizabeth Tabares,&nbsp;James Mjelde,&nbsp;Siwan Song,&nbsp;Margaret Foster","doi":"10.1016/j.gfs.2026.100931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfs.2026.100931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food insecurity remains a persistent challenge in low- and middle-income countries. Agricultural commercialization is widely promoted as an intervention to improve food security. A systematic review and meta-analyses are used to synthesize quantitative evidence on the effects of commercialization on household food security among rural smallholders in developing countries. Seventy-four studies met the criterion for inclusion in the meta-analyses. These 74 studies contributed 252 effect sizes for continuous food security outcomes, 40 effect sizes for binary food-security outcomes, and 25 effect sizes for binary food-insecurity outcomes. Using robust variance meta-regression, results suggest agricultural commercialization significantly improves food security. Subgroup meta-analyses show considerable heterogeneity across food security measurements, crop types, and intervention categories. Production-oriented interventions—particularly input provision, production diversification, and sustainable intensification—present consistent positive effects, while market access and support interventions exhibit favorable impacts on food security. Measurement inconsistencies and geographic concentration of studies, however, limit broader generalizability. Overall, the findings indicate that commercialization can enhance food security, but greater standardization of food-security metrics and further quantitative examination of underlying mechanisms are needed to strengthen evidence-based policy design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48741,"journal":{"name":"Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100931"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148958447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From private burden to shared infrastructure: Governing regional adaptation in agricultural technology","authors":"Jorge Fernandez-Vidal,&nbsp;Silverio Alarcon","doi":"10.1016/j.gfs.2026.100941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfs.2026.100941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural technologies often fail to scale across regions, because adapting them to local conditions requires substantial, repeated, and often overlooked work. Based on 72 interviews with agri-tech founders, distributors, and farmers across diverse geographies, this paper identifies four recurring layers of regional adaptation: agronomic calibration, regulatory validation, service-system build-out, and cultural legitimacy work. These layers generate structured and path-dependent adaptation costs that are systematically underestimated and frequently duplicated.</div><div>We introduce the concept of the liability of regionalization to describe this recurring cost structure. As public infrastructures for field trials, regulatory mediation, and service coordination have eroded or fragmented, firms reconstruct these functions independently, even in overlapping markets. While duplication is often seen as wasteful, we show that it also serves performative, protective, and risk-hedging functions under conditions of weak trust and institutional fragmentation.</div><div>These dynamics reflect a governance gap: current innovation systems support entrepreneurial acceleration but lack mechanisms to convert private adaptation efforts into cumulative regional infrastructure. We argue for a policy mix that complements firm-level scaling instruments with shared validation platforms, interoperable learning systems, and co-governed adaptation institutions.</div><div>Reframing regional adaptation as shared infrastructure rather than a firm-level hurdle highlights its role in shaping innovation efficiency, inclusion, and food-system resilience. Strengthening adaptation governance is essential for scaling technologies in ways that are both commercially viable and regionally inclusive.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48741,"journal":{"name":"Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100941"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148958508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change as an amplifier of food insecurity and structural inequalities: governance-mediated pathways in Brazil","authors":"Ana Rojas Acosta,&nbsp;Sonia Tello Rozas","doi":"10.1016/j.gfs.2026.100936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfs.2026.100936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change poses systemic risks to food security, particularly in contexts of deep inequality. This study analyses how climate stressors interact with structural inequalities and governance to shape food security outcomes in Brazil. Using a convergent mixed-methods design — combining descriptive statistical analysis of closed-ended questionnaire items with thematic content analysis of open-ended responses, and integrating findings during interpretation — and drawing on 97 key informants with professional experience in food systems and related public policies, the findings suggest that climate change constitutes an important and interacting driver of food insecurity, operating through mechanisms of economic access, institutional fragmentation and structural inequality rather than through aggregate physical shortages of insecurity. Crucially, impacts manifest less through aggregate physical shortages than through disruptions in economic access, affordability, and price stability. Extreme events trigger supply chain instability that disproportionately burdens low-income populations and peripheral territories, revealing deep climate injustice. While community-based initiatives offer local resilience, findings show they are constrained by fragmented governance and insufficient public support. We argue that relying on local adaptation without state coordination risks reproducing inequality. The study concludes that effective adaptation requires integrated governance that links climate action with social protection. These insights from Brazil provide a critical framework for understanding climate-inequality nexuses in other Global South contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48741,"journal":{"name":"Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100936"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148958448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food loss and waste GHG emissions under various interventions and their climate change impacts by 2050","authors":"Xue Ling,&nbsp;Maoyao Cai,&nbsp;Jingyu Zhu,&nbsp;Ms Sajeela,&nbsp;Ke Yin,&nbsp;Houhu Zhang,&nbsp;Chen Ling,&nbsp;Xunchang Fei","doi":"10.1016/j.gfs.2026.100932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfs.2026.100932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food loss and waste (FLW) account for a significant proportion of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and undermine global food security. However, the key factors contributing to FLW GHG emissions vary across different post-farming stages, posing a challenge to accurately project their emissions and identify effective entry points for climate change mitigation. To address this issue, we forecast whole-chain FLW GHG emissions with four FLW segments, including emissions from food loss (FLC_S) and food waste (FWC_S) in the supply chain, and those from food loss (FLC_M) and food waste (FWC_M) attributable to waste management, to minimize uncertainty caused by system-wide forecasting that ignores portion-specific trends and sensitivities. Our global FLW emission projections, using integrated Life Cycle Assessment - Regional Integrated model of Climate and the Economy, reveal that future FLW emissions show significant regional variability. Sub-Saharan Africa is projected to be the major contributor to global FLW emissions by 2050. Under the baseline scenario, FLW emissions are likely to increase the global temperature by 0.15 °C by 2050 compared to the 2006 level. Combined intervention scenario expects to mitigate 6.0 Gt CO₂ equivalent emissions from global food systems, with its global warming potential at 0.11 °C by 2050. These findings underscore the impact of FLW emissions on climate change and provide strong support for regionally targeted interventions to reduce FLW.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48741,"journal":{"name":"Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100932"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148958509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Market remoteness and the production–diet association in smallholder food systems: Evidence from rural Nepal","authors":"Tushar Singh,&nbsp;Avinash Kishore,&nbsp;Muzna Alvi","doi":"10.1016/j.gfs.2026.100923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfs.2026.100923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rural diet quality remains poor, especially in remote areas where thin markets limit access to diverse, nutritious foods. Global debates on food systems transformation and nutrition-sensitive agriculture are increasingly interested in the conditions under which diversifying smallholder production leads to better diets and how this varies across market contexts. We examine this question using data from smallholder farming households in Nepal, juxtaposing the well-connected lowland plains (Terai) with remote mid-hill communities. We find that production diversity is modestly associated with dietary diversity on average, but this relationship is concentrated in the mid-hills and is stronger in more remote communities. In the Terai, no clear association is observed, and diets appear more closely related to purchasing power than to production diversity. Exploratory evidence shows that consumer–producer price gaps for rice are larger in the mid-hills, and rise with elevation, alongside higher consumption of own production, consistent with higher transaction costs and greater reliance on diversified own production in remote areas. The Nepal case suggests that diversification can improve diet quality in isolated rural systems with thin markets, while in more connected rural economies, strategies that enhance access to diverse, affordable foods through markets are likely to be more important for achieving food security and ending hunger.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48741,"journal":{"name":"Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100923"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148241502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why public wheat breeding needs patient capital: institutional erosion and the fragile foundation of global food security","authors":"Mohsen Mohammadi","doi":"10.1016/j.gfs.2026.100928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfs.2026.100928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wheat plays a central role in global food security as one of the world's most widely cultivated crops and a primary source of human calories and protein, and meeting the future demand will require a nearly 60% increase in production by mid-century. Unlike maize or soybean, where private investment is supported by hybrid systems and strong value capture, wheat breeding remains disproportionately dependent on public-sector investment. This disparity reflects wheat's self-pollinating biology and weak seed-market appropriability, which limit private-sector incentives for sustained breeding investment. This article examines how institutional diversity across global wheat breeding systems has produced contrasting models of public, hybrid, and market-coordinated innovation with varying resilience, value capture, and technological capacity. Historical examples such as the development of ‘Marquis’ wheat illustrate how modest public investments generated transformative agronomic and economic gains, while North American breeding institutions also produced global germplasm impacts that shaped wheat improvement worldwide. Despite this legacy, the current situation of wheat breeding faces mounting challenges, including short-term competitive funding cycles misaligned with cultivar development timelines, increasing technological costs, slowing yield gains, breeder retirement, and erosion of institutional knowledge. Although genomics, phenomics, and rapid-generation technologies offer modernization opportunities, their practical utility and return on investment remain context dependent and resource intensive. To secure future gains, public wheat breeding must be reimagined as strategic innovation infrastructure supported by long-term patient-capital funding models, strengthened institutional frameworks, and deeper engagement across the wheat value chain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48741,"journal":{"name":"Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100928"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148241651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recommendations for the food industry to address undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies: a systematic review","authors":"Carmen Klinger ,&nbsp;Elochukwu C. Okanmelu ,&nbsp;Nicole Holliday ,&nbsp;Anna Leibinger ,&nbsp;Olufunke Alaba ,&nbsp;Eva A. Rehfuess ,&nbsp;Peter Delobelle ,&nbsp;Estelle V. Lambert ,&nbsp;Peter von Philipsborn","doi":"10.1016/j.gfs.2026.100918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfs.2026.100918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This systematic review identifies, maps, and synthesizes recommendations, lived experiences, and existing frameworks on the role of the formal food industry in addressing undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies, with or without other coexisting forms of malnutrition, in low- and middle-income countries. We included 149 reports, identified through searches in three bibliographic databases, six grey literature repositories, two search engines, key institutions' websites, and expert consultations. About half of included reports (54% = 81) are grey literature. Most reports provide recommendations (59%) or potential good practice statements (64%), with fewer reports including lived experiences (14%), or existing frameworks (4%). The food industry in general, and food and non-alcoholic beverage manufacturers are the focus of reports, mostly referring to product formulation, product accessibility, and relationships with external organizations. Retailers are also targeted, particularly regarding product accessibility. We synthesized our findings into 28 recommendations for the food industry in general, and additional recommendations for specific industry sectors. Synthesized recommendations address matters of product (re-)formulation (reduction of nutrients of concern, increase of healthy ingredients, food fortification); nutrition labeling; marketing practices; availability, accessibility and affordability of healthy foods; multi-stakeholder processes; supply chain aspects (integration of farmers and women, nutrient preservation, food safety); and workforce nutrition/health. Most recommendations aim at mitigating the negative impact of industry practices on diets, while some aim at leveraging their positive impact. Research suggests that current practices often fall short of these recommendations. Multisectoral efforts, including binding regulation, are needed for broader implementation and maximizing the food industry's contribution to addressing undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. Since undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies are core manifestations of food insecurity, effective implementation of these recommendations could also enhance global food security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48741,"journal":{"name":"Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100918"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148241650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unpacking the role of neglected and underutilized plant species in smallholder diversification strategies for food security in Sub-Saharan Africa: Insights from Senegal","authors":"Quanli Wang ,&nbsp;Eric Brako Dompreh ,&nbsp;Alassane Diouf ,&nbsp;Anna Porcuna-Ferrer ,&nbsp;Blandine Marie Ivette Nacoulma ,&nbsp;Miyuki Iiyama ,&nbsp;Mame Samba Mbaye ,&nbsp;Fatouh Kine Gueye ,&nbsp;Kangbéni Dimobe ,&nbsp;Mohammad Naushad Emmambux ,&nbsp;Adjima Thiombiano ,&nbsp;Alexandros Gasparatos","doi":"10.1016/j.gfs.2026.100910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfs.2026.100910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neglected and underutilized plant species (NUS) can contribute to food security, poverty alleviation, agrodiversity conservation and climate resilience in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). One avenue for realizing NUS’ potential is by making them components of smallholder diversification strategies. However, we lack clear evidence about how NUS are actually integrated into smallholder diversification strategies and the mechanisms through which NUS intersect with other livelihood diversification elements to affect household food security and livelihoods. We explore the interface of NUS, diversification strategies and food security using primary data from household surveys (n = 268) in Senegal through a mixed method approach combining network analysis, perception analysis, clustering analysis and structural equation modelling. Diverse NUS are collected from the wild and/or cultivated on farms, and are combined in various ways with other crop and livestock species (network analysis). Although all NUS have favorable diet-related characteristics, they are significant food and income sources only during collection/harvesting periods that, for some NUS, coincide with the lean period (perception analysis). We identify three very distinct ways through which NUS are integrated in household livelihoods and diversification strategies (clustering analysis). NUS diversity can contribute to food availability and income generation, but only the latter pathway is associated with significant positive food security outcomes (structural equation modelling). Overall, NUS are promising elements of smallholder diversification strategies, but their integration and outcomes varies substantially even within relatively confined geographical areas. Harnessing this differentiated potential can better inform NUS-related efforts to enhance household food security and agricultural resilience and sustainability in SSA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48741,"journal":{"name":"Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100910"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148241498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exnovation in food systems' sustainability transformation: analysis across supply chains in G20 countries","authors":"Sabrina Chakori ,&nbsp;Leonard Frank ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Feola","doi":"10.1016/j.gfs.2026.100915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfs.2026.100915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food systems face interlinked social-ecological challenges and so require urgent transformation. Innovation remains purported as the main approach to sustainability transformation, while less attention is given to exnovation, which represents the deliberate termination of unsustainable technologies, business models or systems. We use a food systems approach to investigate exnovation across supply chains focusing on G20 countries. Our results show that while exnovation is present in sustainability ambitions, it rarely translates into interventions. Most exnovation tackles environmental challenges rather than socio-economic and health issues. Exnovation interventions tend to rely on regulatory instruments, mainly target substances or products, and focus on production stages that shift the burden to farmers. Very few exnovation interventions included justice considerations. To promote (or reduce resistance to) change, we argue for greater shared responsibility across the supply chain. Overall, exnovation remains fragmented and unstructured: food system transformations could be strengthened with systemic exnovation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48741,"journal":{"name":"Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100915"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148241499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}