Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment最新文献

{"title":"Trade-offs associated with achieving food self-sufficiency: The underlying mechanisms","authors":"Achraf Mamassi ,&nbsp;Lucile Muneret ,&nbsp;Nicolas Guilpart ,&nbsp;Francesco Accatino","doi":"10.1016/j.gfs.2026.100905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfs.2026.100905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amid rising trade disruptions, food self-sufficiency (FSS) has become central to food sovereignty agendas aimed at strengthening national control over food systems and enhancing resilience to external shocks. However, FSS policies interact with economic, social, political, and environmental factors, potentially generating synergies, such as improved food security and political stability, or trade-offs, including economic inefficiencies and resource stress. This review analysis aimed to clarify the mechanisms underlying trade-offs between key components of FSS: production and consumption, and their influencing factors. This review synthesises the literature to identify the key mechanisms driving trade-offs between FSS objectives and ten major groups of influencing factors. We classify these factors as primary or secondary based on the nature of their influence on FSS outcomes. Primary factors exert an immediate and measurable impact on a country's capacity to produce or access food; most notably through constraints on agricultural production systems. Secondary factors influence FSS more indirectly by reshaping land-use priorities, ecological conditions, and resource competition, often through cumulative or spatially diffuse pressures such as industrial development. Our analysis shows that trade-offs involving primary factors predominantly affect the production component of FSS and are most pronounced in regions with low self-sufficiency ratios and limited local food supply independence, where land, water, and dietary constraints heighten vulnerability to global market fluctuations. In contrast, trade-offs involving secondary factors are more prevalent in regions characterised by intensive, industrialised agriculture and strong export orientation, where policy attention has shifted toward sustainability, resource optimisation, and balancing socioeconomic and environmental objectives through multi-objective strategies. Overall, the evidence confirms that no universal pathway to FSS exists. Context-specific interventions, informed by the dominant trade-offs, their hierarchical drivers, and mediating mechanisms, are essential for guiding sustainable and resilient food system transitions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48741,"journal":{"name":"Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100905"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147538665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macroeconomic shocks and long-term nutritional outcomes: Insights from the Asian financial crisis","authors":"Elza S. Elmira ,&nbsp;Matin Qaim","doi":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change, conflicts, pandemics, and other disruptive events can lead to shocks in people's incomes, prices, and access to food, with profound implications for nutrition and health. The short- and long-term effects of different types of shocks are not yet sufficiently understood. Here, we use data from Indonesia to analyze effects of the Asian financial crisis, which happened in the late-1990s, on nutritional outcomes. The crisis contributed to large temporary increases in rice prices with regional variation, which we exploit to estimate effects on child height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) and other anthropometric indicators. Panel data regression models with individual fixed effects suggest that the rice price inflation led to an average decrease in HAZ of 0.135 and an increase in child stunting by 3.5 percentage points, after controlling for confounding factors. These effects were more pronounced in urban than rural areas. Children with mothers that only have little education suffered over-proportionally. Beyond the immediate impacts, we examine long-term effects and find that individuals severely hit by the crisis during childhood remain shorter also during adulthood and are more likely to be obese. Our findings highlight the need for nutrition-sensitive interventions in national and global crisis response policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48741,"journal":{"name":"Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100900"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147538674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening national genebanks through genomics and regional collaboration: Lessons from Latin America and the Caribbean","authors":"M. Carvajal-Yepes ,&nbsp;C. Petroli ,&nbsp;M. Correa ,&nbsp;F. Breseghello ,&nbsp;G. Tapia ,&nbsp;E. Salazar ,&nbsp;A. Chassaigne ,&nbsp;M. Ferreyra ,&nbsp;P.H. Reyes-Herrera ,&nbsp;M. Guzmán ,&nbsp;A. Mendoza ,&nbsp;R. Vidal ,&nbsp;F. Condón ,&nbsp;N. de Almeida ,&nbsp;E. Fernandez ,&nbsp;L. Rodríguez ,&nbsp;W. Solano ,&nbsp;A.J. Morales ,&nbsp;B.L. Velásquez-Flores ,&nbsp;J. Soto ,&nbsp;C. Sansaloni","doi":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100899","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100899","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is a center of origin and domestication for globally important crops such as cassava, common bean, maize, and potato, all of which are key to food and nutrition security worldwide. Despite this strategic role, many national genebanks in the region face technical, financial, and policy barriers that limit the use of genomic tools for characterization and conservation. These genebanks safeguard the genetic diversity needed to enhance crop yields, climate-change resilience, nutritional quality, and pest and disease resistance. In 2022, CGIAR Centers and partners established the “Community of Practice (CoP) of national genebanks in LAC” to strengthen regional capacity for generating and interpreting digital sequence information (DSI), facilitate collaboration, and promote sustainable management of plant genetic resources. Through coordinated capacity-building activities, joint crop-based analyses, and shared learning, the CoP has connected 17 institutions across 13 countries. Members have begun generating and interpreting DSI for common bean, maize, and potato, while addressing gaps in data sharing, interoperability, and policy frameworks. Looking ahead, the CoP seeks to conduct diversity analysis, establish regional core collections, integrate existing global data portals, and advocate for policy alignment to sustain genomic characterization and access to diversity. This CoP initiative provides a model applicable in other regions to strengthen genebank operations through collaborative innovation and coordinated action, contributing to resilient and equitable global food systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48741,"journal":{"name":"Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100899"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145841473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food System Policies: A global snapshot from the Food System Policy Database","authors":"Sarah K. Lowder ,&nbsp;Caterina Ruggeri Laderchi ,&nbsp;Nicola Cerutti ,&nbsp;Kelly Parsons","doi":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The academic as well as the international community has recognized the need to transform food systems and the importance of government policies in achieving that goal. However, there is no single source of information on all food system related policies that might provide a description of what countries are currently doing. As a first step, this article describes what types of policies are in place throughout the world, highlighting patterns across countries at different income levels. The article draws on a new resource, the Food System Policy Database (FSPD), which for the first time compiles and systematizes existing global databases on government policies impacting the food system. The article presents key findings. For instance, most food system specific policies are concentrated at the producer end or at the consumer end of food systems. The segments that are least regulated by specific food system government policies are toward the middle of the value chain (eg. processing, retail, and food service). Additionally, producer subsidies are by far the most widespread type of policy lever. Countries nevertheless rely on a variety of tools, with a majority of countries also using trade policies, regulations and policies to provide information to consumers about food. The article concludes by recognizing limitations of the data and how those might be addressed going forward.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48741,"journal":{"name":"Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100894"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender Inequalities in Agrifood Systems: An overview of the state of research","authors":"Lauren Phillips ,&nbsp;Agnes Quisumbing ,&nbsp;Vanya Slavchevska ,&nbsp;Benjamin Davis ,&nbsp;Talip Kilic ,&nbsp;Erdgin Mane","doi":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100892","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100892","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48741,"journal":{"name":"Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100892"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food insecurity across age: Evidence from a global study","authors":"David Leblang ,&nbsp;Michael D. Smith ,&nbsp;Dennis Wesselbaum","doi":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100891","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100891","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food insecurity, which affects access to safe and nutritious food, has significant implications for health and well-being. This issue has worsened in recent years, driven by factors like the COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical instability. This study examines food insecurity across three age groups – adolescents, adults, and older adults – using data from the Gallup World Poll for 132 countries, based on surveys of &gt;390,000 individuals. The research, which uses the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES), finds that food insecurity is highest among adolescents, with a notable increase in their vulnerability over recent years. Socioeconomic factors such as income, education, and health issues, along with social capital, also play a key role in influencing food insecurity. Additionally, interpersonal inequality is more pronounced among immigrants and individuals with high levels of trust but low social support. These findings underline the need for targeted policies that address the specific needs of different age groups, especially adolescents, to reduce food insecurity and its related impacts on health and development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48741,"journal":{"name":"Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100891"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water-saving driven crop reallocation reduces irrigation energy demand in the mediterranean","authors":"Davide Danilo Chiarelli ,&nbsp;Harsh Nanesha ,&nbsp;Martina Sardo ,&nbsp;Athanasios Ragkos ,&nbsp;Maria Cristina Rulli","doi":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global food insecurity currently affects over 30 % of the world's population, highlighting the need to understand how agricultural systems can be optimized to reduce resource pressures while maintaining productivity. Irrigation is critical for crop production in semi-arid and arid regions such as the Mediterranean, yet it accounts for substantial freshwater use and energy consumption, with associated environmental impacts. In this study, we assess the impacts of crop reallocation on irrigation water, energy demand, and direct CO₂ emissions across the Mediterranean. Using a spatially explicit optimization framework integrated with hydrological modelling, we evaluate 32 crops grouped into nine categories, explicitly accounting for irrigation water sources and methods. Our results indicate that optimized crop distributions could reduce irrigation water demand by up to 80 % (70 km³/year), lower energy requirements by up to 85 % (72 × 10⁶ GJ/year), and cut direct CO₂ emissions by up to 84 %, without reducing overall food production. Beyond resource savings, we explore the economic and social implications of crop reallocation, noting that less water-intensive crops may be less profitable or culturally less accepted, underscoring the need for supportive policies and incentives. The framework is adaptable to other water-stressed regions, enabling the assessment of trade-offs between water, energy, and carbon under locally specific conditions. By providing a quantitative evaluation of the potential environmental and resource impacts of alternative cropping strategies, this study offers a robust tool for understanding how agricultural systems can be managed to improve sustainability, resilience, and resource efficiency under climate and water constraints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48741,"journal":{"name":"Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100886"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Road networks and food price volatility","authors":"Lixia H. Lambert ,&nbsp;John P. Schoeneman Jr. ,&nbsp;Dayton M. Lambert ,&nbsp;Marten W. Brienen","doi":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding and mitigating the spatial and temporal volatility of agricultural commodity prices remains a critical yet challenging task. Fluctuations in food and agricultural commodity prices exacerbate food insecurity and impact farmers worldwide. This research examines the impact of road network measures on the volatility of agricultural commodity prices. We utilized monthly price data from the FAO Food Price Monitoring and Analysis Tool, which encompasses 236 markets across 60 countries, for eight food groups comprising 36 commodity categories, from 2015 to 2023. For each market, we constructed road network measures, including road density, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality, using data from the Global Roads Inventory Project and a 2015 population density raster, both gridded at 2.5 arcminutes. The regression results show that markets located near denser, better-connected road networks tend to exhibit lower food price volatility. However, the local advantages of road networks on price stability vary significantly depending on the food group and specific network measures: bread and oil markets tend to be destabilized by centralization, while beans and vegetables are stabilized. No consistent or statistically significant effects are observed for grains, roots, or animal food groups across all network centrality measures. Findings highlight the complex and heterogeneous relationship between transportation infrastructure and food price volatility, as well as the need for regionally and commodity specific infrastructure policies to mitigate food price volatility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48741,"journal":{"name":"Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100884"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical understanding of food systems towards sustainability with material flow analysis: A critical review","authors":"Zhuang Qian ,&nbsp;Wu Chen ,&nbsp;Li Xue ,&nbsp;Andrea Adelmo Della Penna ,&nbsp;Jeanine Ammann ,&nbsp;Carole Liechti ,&nbsp;Dario Dongo ,&nbsp;Gang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transforming food systems is essential for global sustainability and requires understanding from both socioeconomic and physical dimensions. However, sustainable food systems literature is largely dominated by socioeconomic dimension, while physical understanding of food systems remains limited. Such physical characterisation is often done using material flow analysis (MFA) to explore and quantify flows from farm to fork. This quantification translates food system dynamics into comparable and transparent metrics, making MFA a crucial tool in driving an efficient transformation. Here, using a critical literature review, we analysed 127 agrifood MFA studies on their systems, data, and indicators. We characterized food supply chain into five stages (primary production, processing and manufacturing, trade, distribution and retailing, and public and household consumption) and found very few covered all stages (16 studies). Among all stages, primary production was the most studied (99 studies), while distribution and retailing was the least studied (33 studies). Existing studies covered 12 food categories, primarily focusing on cereals (52 %), vegetables (46 %), and meats (43 %), with less attention on dairy products (34 %). Only 34 studies have a single food category resolution, while most aggregated multiple categories together. We found that over half of agrifood MFAs used data only from secondary sources (e.g., statistics), whereas less than 20 % used exclusively primary data. Agrifood MFAs commonly used indicators of substance, food, and bio-nutrient to quantify biomass associated flows, informing key food systems issues like nutrient circularity and waste management. Accordingly, we call for research on full chain MFAs, single food category analyses, and the use of more targeted datasets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48741,"journal":{"name":"Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100896"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The protein transition into context – the impact of dietary shifts in different countries on nutritional adequacy of diets","authors":"R.P.M. Cardinaals ,&nbsp;G. Bubnyte ,&nbsp;T. Huppertz","doi":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gfs.2025.100895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The term ‘protein transition’ is used to address a dietary shift from animal-source foods (ASF) to plant-source foods (PSF). This indirectly implies a focus on protein as the main nutrient of concern to reduce food-related pressures on the environment and tackle unhealthy diets. In a Western context, there is growing consensus that a protein transition is indeed favorable but it can be misinterpreted as a uniform solution, and specificity for low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are lacking. This study examined the nutritional implications of replacing currently consumed ASF with PSF to achieve diets that align with the protein transition, for low-, middle- and high-income countries. Using data from dietary surveys as a starting point, we stepwise replaced currently consumed ASF with currently consumed PSF to either meet current energy intake, or current total protein intake. The results show that substituting ASF either increased the nutrient adequacy gaps for eight out of nine studied nutrients when maintaining current energy intake, or largely increased energy intake when maintaining current total protein intake. More importantly, nutrient adequacy of current and alternative diets showed large variability among countries, age- and gender groups, while culturally specific (animal-source) foods were an important source of nutrients. There is no uniform solution for sustainable healthy diets, and rather research in this area should consider nutritional needs of the target population and culture specific food habits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48741,"journal":{"name":"Global Food Security-Agriculture Policy Economics and Environment","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100895"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}