Malaysian Journal of Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Hepatosplenic T-cell Lymphoma Masquerading as Idiopathic Cytopenia.","authors":"H P Raghvan, S Y Wee, C C K Liam, N Mohd Shakri, C S L Ho, E Jamian, I Subbiah, N Khalid","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTL) is a highly aggressive form of mature T-cell lymphoma, characterised by abnormal proliferation of cytotoxic T cells in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. It accounts for <1.0% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We present a case of HSTL in a 32-year-old male who came with pancytopenia, abdominal distension, constitutional symptoms, and splenomegaly. Initial bone marrow examination was misdiagnosed as Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) or Myelodysplastic Syndrome/Myeloproliferative Neoplasm (MDS/MPN). A repeated bone marrow examination showed CD3-positive neoplastic lymphoid cells in the bone marrow intrasinusoidally and immunophenotyping revealed predominance of gamma-delta (γδ) T-cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the importance of including HSTL in the differential diagnosis when a patient exhibits splenomegaly and pancytopenia even though background dyspoiesis is prominent. This will enable an early diagnosis of this aggressive cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"48 1","pages":"133-137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological & demographic trends of Haemophilus influenzae in Malaysia's southern region: data insights from tertiary level hospital and nearby facilities.","authors":"Y L Liow, S Aziera, F Aidil, D S Akmar, N Faraha, K J Yow, M Rao","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Haemophilus influenzae (HI) is a significant pathogen responsible for respiratory and invasive infections globally. Following the introduction of the Haemophilus influenzae serotype B (Hib) vaccine in Malaysia in 2002, cases of Hib-related diseases declined sharply. Still, the prevalence of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) emerged as a public health concern. This study investigates epidemiological and demographic patterns of HI infections in Malaysia's southern region.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Clinical isolates of HI were recovered during routine diagnostic testing and analysed from June 2023 to December 2024. All isolates were identified using conventional laboratory methods, biochemical assays, and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Confirmatory serotyping was outsourced to the National Public Health Laboratory in Sungai Buloh, Selangor. Epidemiological trends were assessed based on demographics, sample types, and seasonal variations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 281 samples were analysed. NTHi accounted for 96.5% of isolates, with sputum as the dominant sample type (56.4%). Infants and elderly individuals constitute the most vulnerable groups. Peaks in sample submissions correlated with monsoon seasons. Foreign nationals had disproportionately higher mortality rates, reflecting challenges in vaccination access.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study underscores the dominance of NTHi infections in post-Hib vaccination settings in Malaysia. Seasonal trends and demographic disparities emphasise the need for tailored public health interventions and infrastructure strengthening to reduce the burden of HI infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"48 1","pages":"83-90"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis screening and AMR gene profiling in Malaysia's migrant worker communities.","authors":"H M Neoh, F A Fadzil, N A Mohamad Farook, M A Mat Husin, A A Pereira, S R Ramli, K Faksri","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>No abstract available.</p>","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"48 1","pages":"143-144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allergic diseases and sensitisation profiles among cat dander-sensitised patients in Malaysia.","authors":"Y Y Kim, H F Ahmad, B Leecyous","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cats are among the most common household pets in Malaysia, and cat dander is a significant aeroallergen. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of cat dander sensitisation, characterise allergic disease patterns across age groups, and explore the relationship between cat dander sensitisation and allergic multimorbidity.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on laboratory records of patients tested for specific immunoglobulin E to cat dander between January 2023 and December 2024. Specific immunoglobulin E levels were measured using fluoroenzyme immunoassay on the Phadia ImmunoCAP 250 system. Demographic information, allergic diseases history, and co-sensitisation patterns were analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 2840 patients tested, 30% (n=851) were sensitised to cat dander, with 817 included in the final analysis. Most sensitised patients had single allergic disease (asthma, allergic rhinitis, or eczema) (51.2%), followed by those with allergic multimorbidity (35.6%). Asthma was the most common allergic disease (25%), followed by the combination of asthma and allergic rhinitis (18.4%). There was a significant association between age group and allergic disease patterns (p<0.001), where eczema was more prevalent in children and allergic airway diseases increased with age. Allergic multimorbidity peaked among school-aged children. Polysensitisation (≥4 allergens) was observed in 65.9% of patients. House dust mite was the most common co-sensitised allergen (96.3%), followed by cockroach (84.8%), grass pollen (62.6%) and fungal (45.7%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cat dander sensitisation affects nearly one-third of tested patients in Malaysia, and is frequently associated with polysensitisation. Age-specific disease patterns align with the atopic march paradigm, highlighting the need for targeted, age-appropriate intervention and prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"48 1","pages":"69-81"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A single-centre analysis of nodal peripheral T-cell lymphomas in Southern Vietnam: Insights from the WHO 2022 classification.","authors":"C D Phu, N K N Tieu, H T Dang, T H T Le, D Q A Nguyen, S L Cao, T N H Hua","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Peripheral T-cell lymphomas are rare, aggressive malignancies with significant diagnostic challenges due to their heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective study analysed 43 nodal Peripheral T-cell lymphomas cases diagnosed between 2019 and 2024 at the Blood Transfusion Hematology Hospital in Southern Vietnam and reclassified them using the World Health Organization 2022 classification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nodal T-follicular helper cell lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic type, emerged as the most prevalent subtype (51.2%), markedly exceeding rates reported in Western (32.5%) and East Asian studies (36.2%). Despite the higher prevalence of Epstein-Barr Virus in Vietnam, the proportion of Epstein-Barr Virus positive in Peripheral T-cell lymphomas was not elevated (20%), suggesting additional genetic or environmental factors influencing lymphoma pathogenesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings underscore the critical role of updated diagnostic standards and the utility of advanced markers in improving Peripheral T-cell lymphomas classification. This study provides rare insights into Peripheral T-cell lymphomas pathology in Vietnam, contributing valuable data to the global understanding of these rare lymphomas.</p>","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"48 1","pages":"105-113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low frequency of MLLT10 risk SNPs in Korean meningiomas: an exploratory analysis highlighting population-specific differences.","authors":"J Y Hur, Y H Shim, J H Kim, K R Cho, W S Kim, S N Kim, S D Lim","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Several MLLT10-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified by genome-wide association studies (GWASs) as germline risk variants for meningioma in predominantly European cohorts, but their relevance in Koreans remains uncertain. We investigated these MLLT10 risk SNPs in Korean meningiomas, assessing differences across two time cohorts and comparing allele frequencies with those observed in other populations.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Three MLLT10 SNPs (rs12770228, rs11012732, and rs1243180) were examined in 143 meningiomas from patients aged ≤50 years, comprising 62 fresh-frozen tissues collected during 1999-2003 (Period 1) and 81 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 2006-2023 (Period 2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three SNPs were detected in 9 of 143 meningiomas (6.3%). While the differences did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05), minor allele frequencies of all three SNPs were reduced two- to four-fold in Period 2 compared with Period 1. The observed frequencies were similar to those reported in Japanese cohorts but substantially lower than the ≥30% reported in European populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite the limitation of using tumour-derived DNA to assess germline variants, our findings consistently showed that MLLT10 risk SNPs occur at very low frequencies in Koreans, similar to Japanese data and in contrast to Europeans. These results highlight the population-specific nature of MLLT10 variants and underscore the need for large-scale Asian studies for risk SNP analysis in meningiomas.</p>","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"48 1","pages":"115-123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal coinfections among patients with COVID-19: demographics, risk factors and outcomes.","authors":"M N Tzar, A F Mohd Salleh, A Nordin, A A Wahab, C H Ding","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a rise in secondary infections, including invasive fungal diseases (IFDs), which have greatly increased morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to explore the demographics, risk factors and outcomes of IFDs in COVID-19 patients admitted to our centre.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed data from PCR-confirmed category 4 or 5 COVID-19 patients between 2020 and 2023 who also had positive mycology cultures or serology. Patients with positive fungal tests more than 90 days after their initial COVID-19 diagnosis were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 5,075 PCR-positive COVID-19 patients, 23 (0.45%) met the criteria. Of these, 15 (65.2%) had candidiasis, seven (30.4%) aspergillosis, and one (4.3%) Exophiala fungaemia. No mucormycosis cases were identified. The male-to-female ratio of IFDs was 2.8:1, with ages ranging from 26 to 77 years (mean 59.6). The interval between COVID-19 diagnosis and positive fungal test ranged from 3 to 38 days, averaging 12.6 days for candidiasis and 16 days for aspergillosis (difference not statistically significant). Only acute kidney injury was significantly linked to candidiasis. Common factors across all cases included indwelling vascular catheters (95.7%), ICU admission (91.3%), mechanical ventilation (87%), lung diseases (65.2%), kidney impairment (60.9%), poorly controlled diabetes (34.8%), and liver impairment (26.1%). Overall mortality was 91.3% (100% for aspergillosis and Exophiala fungaemia, 86.7% for candidiasis).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although IFD prevalence in COVID-19 patients is low, its high morbidity and mortality make it a critical concern. Early identification of risk factors may help reduce its occurrence and improve outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"48 1","pages":"53-61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haemoglobin glycation index as an independent predictor of diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective analysis.","authors":"H S Thian, I A Badaruddin, M M Mansor, J A Azmi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The haemoglobin glycation index (HGI) reflects individual variations in glycation tendency and may offer additional value beyond HbA1c in predicting diabetes-related complications. This study aimed to evaluate the association and predictive value of HGI for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 400 T2DM patients were enrolled. Predicted HbA1c was calculated using a linear regression equation (R2=0.454) derived from fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HGI was defined as the difference between measured and predicted HbA1c. Paired t-tests and Pearson correlation assessed the relationship between measured and predicted HbA1c. Multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis used to evaluate HGI as a predictor of DKD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A strong positive correlation observed (r=0.674, p<0.001) between measured and predicted HbA1c and no significant difference observed (p=0.964) among the T2DM population. DKD was identified in 192 participants, who demonstrated significantly higher HGI compared to non-DKD patients (p=0.002). Multivariate analysis showed HGI (OR: 1.249, 95% CI: 1.053-1.482, p=0.011) and eGFR (OR: 0.964, 95% CI: 0.952-0.976, p<0.001) were independent risk factors for DKD. ROC analysis showed HGI as a moderate predictor of DKD (AUC=0.722, p<0.001), with an optimal cutoff of 0.53 carries 56.3% sensitivity and 81.2% specificity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HGI is independently associated with DKD in T2DM and may serve as a useful adjunct marker, complimenting HbA1c and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) for early identification of those at increased risk of kidney complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"48 1","pages":"125-131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond MDM2 amplification: chromosomal translocations as diagnostic drivers in adipocytic tumours-a histopathological and molecular reappraisal.","authors":"I S Atta, S I Shafek, M Abdel-Hamid","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cytogenetics analysis of adipocytic tumours revealed varieties of chromosomal translocations beyond MDM2 amplification, so, this report aimed to identify these translocations and recognise the altered genes with their fusion partners.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The materials were collected from different databases including PubMed, and Scopus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The collected data revealed that HMGA2 gene alteration is the initial finding. In addition, t(9;12)(q33;q14) is a recurring cytogenetic aberration and engenders an HMGA2::GSN chimera. Translocation involving t(3;12)(q28;q14.3) is the most common translocation followed by t(1;12)(p32;q14) in subset of lipomas. Furthermore, three-way translocation t(1;4;12)(q21;q27~28;q14~15) have been reported. In paediatric lipoma, two reports revealed translocations; the first one revealed a translocation involving t(8;13)(q21;q22) and HMGA2::NFIB gene fusion, and in the second report, the translocation t(9;12)(p22;q14) has been identified. Angiolipoma, chondroid lipoma, Myolipoma, hibernoma, spindle cell/pleomorphic lipoma, revealed translocation t(X;2)(p22;p12), t(11;16)(q13;p1213), 46,XX,t(9;12)(p22;q14) t(9;11)(q34;q13), t(4;6)(q25;p23)/46,X,tas(Y;21)(p11;p13), respectively. The presence of PLAG1 alteration is a fundamental oncogenic event that fused with other partners mainly COL1A2 gene and HAS2, and rarely with RAD51L1, and COL1A2, RAB2A, COL3A1, PCMTD1, SRSF3, HNRNPC, YWHAZ, CTDSP2, PPP2R2A, BOC, DDX6,, KLF10, and KANSL1L, SDCBP, HNRNPA2B1, other fusions like EP400::HMGA2 and FGD6::HMGA2 may be found. Myxoid liposarcoma revealed that the incidence of translocation is t(12;16)(q13;p11.2) FUS::DDIT3 is quite common, while t(12;22)(q13;q12) EWSR1::DDIT3 is rare. Recently, t(12;22)(q13;q12) has been described.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HMGA2 and PLAG1 are considered the most important altered genes in most adipocytic tumours subset and lipoblastoma, and identification of their partners is valuable in providing the accurate diagnosis and management especially when the histopathologic diagnosis is unclear.</p>","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"48 1","pages":"21-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts of the National Pathology Conference (NPC) Melaka 2025: Transformation in diagnostic pathology: shaping the future of healthcare, organised by Pathology Department Hospital Melaka and held on 10th - 11th September 2025 at Courtyard by Marriott, Melaka, Malaysia.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>No abstract available.</p>","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"48 1","pages":"145-167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}