Malaysian Journal of Pathology最新文献_第2页

Tuberculosis in Malaysia: Disease timeline, epidemiology, control initiatives and outlook. 马来西亚结核病：疾病时间表、流行病学、控制举措和前景。

IF 0.6 4区医学

Malaysian Journal of Pathology Pub Date : 2025-04-01

F A Fadzil, S R Ramli, H Neoh

{"title":"Tuberculosis in Malaysia: Disease timeline, epidemiology, control initiatives and outlook.","authors":"F A Fadzil, S R Ramli, H Neoh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In Malaysia, tuberculosis remains a public health problem despite initiatives in disease control and prevention. This review explores the timeline of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Malaysia, epidemiology, management and outlook of the disease in the country. PTB was first reported in Malaya in the early 20th century and caused high morbidity and mortality. With the establishment of the National TB Control Programme in 1961 and chest clinics in every state general hospital, mortality was successfully reduced. Nonetheless, PTB incidence rate increased steadily after 2011, and Malaysia is currently an endemic country for the disease. Diagnosis for PTB is performed according to the Ministry of Health's Clinical Practice Guidelines which include chest X-ray, sputum culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Patients are treated according to WHO guidelines. While the country has seen a 0.02% decrease in drug-resistant cases in recent years; two cases of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis have been reported. All major Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages (Indo-Oceanic; East-Asian (including Beijing), East-African-Indian and Euro-American) have been reported in the country. The Beijing family of strains were found to have a higher prevalence in Peninsular Malaysia compared with Sabah and Sarawak, suggesting divergence of pathogen evolution between the two locations. Most antibiotic-resistant strains were found to harbour mutations in rpoB, katG, embB and pncA. Increasing usage of molecular platforms and artificial intelligence in diagnostics, apps and alert systems for better surveillance, and implementation of universal coverage in terms of treatment will be important for the country to achieve a tuberculosis-free status in 2035.","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"47 1","pages":"13-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prevalence of KCNJ5 mutations in aldosterone-producing adenomas among Malaysian primary aldosteronism patients: Genotype-phenotype correlation. 马来西亚原发性醛固酮增多症患者中醛固酮产生腺瘤中KCNJ5突变的患病率：基因型-表型相关性

IF 0.6 4区医学

Malaysian Journal of Pathology Pub Date : 2025-04-01

N S Mohd Rizam, M Mustangin, F A Pauzi, S K Syed Mohammed Nazri, G C Tan, N Sukor, A B Nasruddin, E A Azizan

{"title":"Prevalence of KCNJ5 mutations in aldosterone-producing adenomas among Malaysian primary aldosteronism patients: Genotype-phenotype correlation.","authors":"N S Mohd Rizam, M Mustangin, F A Pauzi, S K Syed Mohammed Nazri, G C Tan, N Sukor, A B Nasruddin, E A Azizan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common cause of secondary hypertension characterised by autonomous aldosterone hypersecretion independent of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Somatic mutations in KCNJ5, CACNA1D, ATP1A1, ATP2B3, and CTNNB1 are commonly linked to aldosterone overproduction in unilateral aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs). Interestingly, KCNJ5 mutations have been reported to be more frequent in APAs from Asian PA patients (60-70%) compared to Western PA patients (30-40%). However, a previous study done at a university hospital in Malaysia found a lower prevalence of KCNJ5 mutations (31.5%) in 54 APAs, aligning with Western data. Herein, this study aimed to verify KCNJ5 mutation prevalence in Malaysian PA patients treated at a government hospital. Adrenal samples (n=99) from adrenalectomies performed at Hospital Putrajaya (2010-2020) were analyzed. Using CYP11B2 immunohistochemistry (IHC), 85 APAs were identified, and DNA sequencing was performed for known aldosterone-driver KCNJ5 mutations. Patients' demographics were compared across genotypes using chi-square test. Among the 85 APAs, 42 (49.4%) harboured a KCNJ5 mutation: G151R (25.9%), L168R (18.8%), and T158A/E145Q (2.4%). Mutant APAs were more frequent in females (69%), similarly for wild-type APAs (56%). Significant female gender bias for mutation was seen with Malay patients (p=0.049). No association between age at adrenalectomy and mutation status was found. One KCNJ5-mutant APA with aldosterone-producing diffused ZG hyperplasia also harboured a mutation in CACNA1H R1253H. In conclusion, this study supports a lower prevalence of KCNJ5 mutations in Malaysian PA patients (<50%) compared to other Asian cohorts (>50%) consistent with prior Malaysian data, and suggest that co-existing aldosterone-driver mutations with KCNJ5 may occur.","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"47 1","pages":"63-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143992493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acute rotavirus gastroenteritis in children less than 5 years old: Salient clinical and laboratory features. 5岁以下儿童急性轮状病毒胃肠炎：突出的临床和实验室特征

IF 0.6 4区医学

Malaysian Journal of Pathology Pub Date : 2025-04-01

C H Ding, A A Wahab, A Ali, H Hasan, N A Nasirudeen, M A F Ruzlan, M A Mohd Jamil

{"title":"Acute rotavirus gastroenteritis in children less than 5 years old: Salient clinical and laboratory features.","authors":"C H Ding, A A Wahab, A Ali, H Hasan, N A Nasirudeen, M A F Ruzlan, M A Mohd Jamil","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rotavirus is one of the most common etiological agents that can cause gastroenteritis in young children in many countries worldwide, including Malaysia. The objective of the study was to determine the clinical and laboratory features of acute rotavirus gastroenteritis in children aged less than 5 years.Materials and methods: This retrospective study involved paediatric patients warded in a tertiary medical centre in Kuala Lumpur for acute gastroenteritis from 2015 to 2022. Data for these children were obtained from the hospital's electronic medical records and online laboratory management system.Results: Out of a total of 177 patients, 30.5% (54/177) were diagnosed with rotavirus gastroenteritis (RG) and 69.5% (123/177) with non-rotavirus gastroenteritis (NRG). Children with RG were more likely to have vomiting compared to those with NRG (85.2% vs. 68.3%; p=0.026). Dehydration was also significantly associated with RG (64.8% vs. 43.9%; p=0.014). However, RG was less likely to be associated with fever (57.4% vs. 76.4%; p=0.013) and convulsions (0.0% vs. 8.1%; p=0.033). The blood C-reactive protein (CRP) mean and SD in RG were lower (0.86 ± 0.81 vs. 4.26 ± 2.71 mg/L; p=0.001), while the serum urea mean and SD in RG were higher (4.94 ± 3.05 vs. 3.87 ± 2.22 mmol/L; p=0.009).Conclusion: Despite shared features, RG can be distinguished from NRG based on the presence or absence of vomiting, dehydration, fever and convulsions, as well as the extent of elevation in the serum urea and blood CRP levels.","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"47 1","pages":"85-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144034903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstracts of the 11th National Transfusion Medicine Conference 2024: Breaking Barriers and Empowering Changes, held on 13th to 15th September 2024 in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. 2024年9月13日至15日在沙巴州哥打京那巴鲁举行的第11届全国输血医学会议：打破障碍，赋予变革力量。

IF 0.6 4区医学

Malaysian Journal of Pathology Pub Date : 2025-04-01

引用次数: 0

Digital pathology and artificial intelligence in diagnostic pathology. 诊断病理学中的数字病理学和人工智能。

IF 0.6 4区医学

Malaysian Journal of Pathology Pub Date : 2025-04-01

P Jariyapan, W Pora, N Kasamsumran, S Lekawanvijit

引用次数: 0

The pattern of injuries in homicidal deaths: A retrospective study. 杀人性死亡的伤害模式：一项回顾性研究。

IF 0.6 4区医学

Malaysian Journal of Pathology Pub Date : 2025-04-01

W N H Wan Razali, F Mohd Nor, M S Shafee

{"title":"The pattern of injuries in homicidal deaths: A retrospective study.","authors":"W N H Wan Razali, F Mohd Nor, M S Shafee","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Homicide is the deliberate act of causing death or injury, leading to the unlawful demise of an individual, with 464,000 homicide cases worldwide in 2017. In Malaysia, there is a lack of information on homicidal statistics and patterns, with most studies focusing on medicolegal autopsy practices. This research aims to study demography and fatal injury patterns.Materials and methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of homicidal deaths occurring in the Forensic Unit of Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz from 2009 to 2018. A descriptive analysis was conducted to outline the patterns of homicidal injury and the sociodemographic characteristics of the cases.Results: The findings identified 138 homicidal death cases out of 3468 total autopsied cases. The prevalence of homicides has been decreasing for the past ten years. The male, Chinese and young adults led the number of homicide cases and immigrants account for almost half of the total cases. Most of the homicidal cases were involved with the sharp injury. The head is the most common site for fatal injuries in homicide cases, with blunt and firearm injuries being the most common pattern of injury inflicted by the assailant. Less common sites include the back and extremities.Conclusion: This study can provide insights and understanding into homicide within the sociodemographic framework and pattern of injury in homicidal death in Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"47 1","pages":"103-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epidemiology of late-onset sepsis in Malaysian neonatal intensive care units, 2015-2020. 2015-2020年马来西亚新生儿重症监护病房晚发型脓毒症流行病学

IF 0.6 4区医学

Malaysian Journal of Pathology Pub Date : 2024-12-01

N Y Boo, E B K Ang, E L Ang

{"title":"Epidemiology of late-onset sepsis in Malaysian neonatal intensive care units, 2015-2020.","authors":"N Y Boo, E B K Ang, E L Ang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: To determine the epidemiology of blood culture-positive late-onset sepsis (LOS, >72 hours of age) in 44 Malaysian neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).Materials and methods: Study Design: Multicentre retrospective observational study using data from the Malaysian National Neonatal Registry.Participants: 739486 neonates (birthweight ≥500g, gestation ≥22 weeks) born and admitted in 2015-2020.Results: LOS developed in 2707 (0.4%) neonates. Median annual incidence (per 100 admissions) was 12.0 (range: 8.1-13.8) in extremely preterm (EPT, gestation <28 weeks), 5.3 (range: 5.0-6.8) in very preterm (VPT, gestation 28-<32 weeks), 0.5 (range: 0.4-0.7) in moderate/late preterm (gestation 32-<37 weeks) and 0.1 in term (gestation ≥37 weeks) neonates. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 54.7% of pathogens isolated, gram-positive bacteria 39.3%, and fungal and other pathogens 6.0%. The six most common pathogens were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (18.3%), Klebsiella spp. (18.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.9%), Pseudomonas spp. (8.9%), Acinetobacter spp. (7.7%) and Escherichia coli (5.9%). LOS-attributable mortality was 14.3% in EPT, 9.3% in VPT, 8.3% in LPT and 6.2% in term neonates. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that EPT, small-for-gestation (SGA), conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV), high frequency ventilation (HFV), TPN and use of central venous lines (CVL) were significant independent risk factors associated with LOS in neonates <32 weeks' gestation. The significant independent risk factors associated with mortality in neonates with LOS were SGA, CMV, HFV, gram-negative sepsis, fungal sepsis, and pneumothorax.Conclusion: Gram-negative bacteria were the commonest pathogens. Decreasing the usage of invasive ventilation, CVL and TPN may reduce the incidence and mortality of LOS, particularly in neonates <32 weeks gestation.","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"46 3","pages":"401-412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A case of trichoblastic carcinoma admixed with histological features of trichoblastoma, trichoepithelioma, and basal cell carcinoma. 毛母细胞癌合并毛母细胞瘤、毛上皮瘤和基底细胞癌1例。

IF 0.6 4区医学

Malaysian Journal of Pathology Pub Date : 2024-12-01

T Shiomi, Y Fujimoto, Y Umeda, R Tanaka, T Moriya

引用次数: 0

Abstracts of the International Academy of Pathology Malaysian Division (IAPMD) 9th Annual Scientific Meeting (ASM) 2024: Lung and Molecular Pathology, Head and Neck Pathology, held on 7th - 8th September 2024. 国际病理学会马来西亚分部（IAPMD）第9届年度科学会议（ASM） 2024：肺和分子病理学，头颈部病理学，于2024年9月7日至8日举行。

IF 0.6 4区医学

Malaysian Journal of Pathology Pub Date : 2024-12-01

引用次数: 0

Clinical and histopathological evaluation of patients with endometrial cancer in a University Hospital: Seven-year experience. 某大学医院子宫内膜癌患者的临床和组织病理学评估：7年经验。

IF 0.6 4区医学

Malaysian Journal of Pathology Pub Date : 2024-12-01

S N M Zaim, S N M Nafi, N Zawawi, W F W Adnan

{"title":"Clinical and histopathological evaluation of patients with endometrial cancer in a University Hospital: Seven-year experience.","authors":"S N M Zaim, S N M Nafi, N Zawawi, W F W Adnan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Endometrial cancer is one of the leading gynaecological malignancies in developed countries and becoming more prevalent in Malaysia. These have significant impact in women and management of this disease. If it occurs on young women, and as a whole becomes a burden on the national economy and world. This research aims to evaluate the clinical presentation and histopathological features of endometrial epithelial cancer among women treated in a University Hospital.Materials and methods: Endometrial cancer cases were retrieved from the Pathology Department's Laboratory Information. The histopathology examination reports of the selected cases were reviewed, and the findings and diagnosis were recorded. The descriptive data was presented using pie charts, bar graphs, and tables.Results: Endometrial cancer recorded the highest in 2022 and less than 15 of endometrial cancer cases were recorded in other years. Women with endometrial cancer diagnosed between the ages of 50 and 59 have the highest percentage (36.6%). It is the most prevalent high number (89%) among female Malay race people. Hypertension and diabetes were found in 52.5% and 37.8% of endometrial cancer patients, respectively. Endometrial cancer patients were also overweight or obese (68.2%). Endometrial cancers were of endometrioid subtypes with tumour grade 1 (71.6%) and early the stage 1 (57.6%). The myometrial invasion in 64.7% of endometrial cancer patients exhibited a superficial invasion depth of less than 50% (54.7%). Lymphovascular invasion was observed in 28.9% of diagnosed cases.Conclusion: Despite belonging to the postmenopausal and overweight/obesity categories, Malay Kelantanese women diagnosed with endometrial cancer exhibited some favourable prognostic indicators.","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"46 3","pages":"413-421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0