Malaysian Journal of Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Abstracts of the International Convention of Forensic Medicine and Science (ICFMS) 2025: Forensic Anthropology, Odontology, and Radiology: Interdisciplinary Approach in Forensic Pathology, 2nd to 4th of July 2025, at Bayview Hotel, Georgetown, Penang.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>No abstract available.</p>","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"47 2","pages":"319-345"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144975186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay: a single centre experience of MLPA assay for alpha thalassaemia diagnosis.","authors":"F A Abdul Muttlib, R Z A Raja Sabudin, M H Mohamed Ramli, N Jalil, N Mohd Yasin, S Hassan, F S Abdul Hassan, H Alauddin, A Othman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Individuals with alpha(α)-thalassaemia usually have evidence of microcytosis but showed normal haemoglobin A2 and F, except those with three or four gene deletions or those with abnormal Haemoglobin (Hb) such as Hb Constant Spring (HbCS). Definitive diagnosis requires molecular analysis. Multiplex amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) and gap PCR are reliable for detecting common α-gene mutations; however, many rare or novel mutations remain unidentified. Using principle of primer-specific amplification, abnormality analysed is primer-dependent. This study aimed to compare the detection of HBA gene rearrangements by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) with multiplex PCR (ARMS and Gap).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>MLPA facilitates amplification of multiple nucleic acid sequences with a single primer pair via identical end probe amplification, thus giving wide α-globin analysis in a single experiment to provide high-resolution detection. Amplification products only require capillary electrophoresis separation followed by software analysis. Seventy-three samples that have been analysed by multiplex PCR were selected for this study. Fifty-five confirmed cases of α-thalassaemia and 18 normal samples were tested using MLPA. Discordant cases suspected of α-thalassaemia underwent sequencing analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All normal samples and 50 positive cases showed consistent findings between both methods. MLPA showed 100% sensitivity and specificity in detecting HbCS mutation. However, MLPA could not determine zygosity of three homozygous HbCS cases detected by multiplex PCR. The concordant rate was 93.2% between both methods. MLPA results in five discordant cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MLPA is a reliable and accurate technique for characterising HBA gene rearrangements. Overall, both methods showed excellent concordance rate and statistically good agreement. The simplicity of wide α-globin cluster analysis makes MLPA as favourable diagnostic method for the detection both common and unresolved HBA gene abnormalities involving HBA gene cluster.</p>","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"47 2","pages":"287-295"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144975239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of demographic differences according to histomorphological subtypes of 1312 cases of ameloblastoma.","authors":"B S M S Siriwardena, Y C Goh, W M Tilakaratne","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ameloblastoma is a benign but locally aggressive odontogenic tumour broadly divided into conventional, unicystic, peripheral, adenoid and metastasising types. The first three entities compose the majority and especially the conventional type which has different histopathological subtypes such as follicular, plexiform, acanthomatous, granular cell, basal cell and desmoplastic have been described. We report the largest series of ameloblastoma in a single study to analyse the demographic characteristics according to histopathological subtypes of ameloblastoma.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>1,312 cases of ameloblastoma reported from two centres in Sri Lanka and Malaysia were analysed according to age, site and histopathological subtype.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the total of 1,312 cases, the mean age for conventional ameloblastoma (excluding desmolastic subtype) was 36.82±16.57. It was 46.3±15.21 for categorisewhile peripheral and unicystic ameloblastoma occurred at 40.77±16.35 and 31.00±17.37, respectively. Ninety percent of the cases were in the mandible (p=0.00001) with significant predilection for the right side. Unicystic and plexiform subtypes were mostly seen in the 11-20 age group while the desmoplastic subtype was seen in the 51-60 age group. The commonesthistological subtype was follicular subtype and acanthomatous changes were observed predominately in combination with follicular subtype. Majority of the acanthomatous subtype was observed inposterior mandible (p=0.00001). The frequency of luminal (243) and mural (246) subtypes werealmost similar.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides a comprehensive demographic detail of differenthistological subtypes of ameloblastoma using the largest sample in the literature. The present findingswill be helpful in classification and understanding of different subtypes of the tumours.</p>","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"47 2","pages":"253-261"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144975241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk stratification of pT1b urothelial carcinoma based on spatial relationships between invasive tumour and muscularis propria on TURB specimens for predicting muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma in radical cystectomy: A new proposal.","authors":"J M Kim, S Park","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In bladder cancer, the presence of lamina propria invasion (pT1) poses a significant clinical challenge due to varied tumour behaviours and risk of disease progression. Efforts to substage pT1 urothelial carcinoma (UC) using diverse systems have been made, but challenges persist in accurately predicting disease progression. This study introduces a novel risk stratification approach focusing on pT1b UC cases based on the spatial relationship between invasive carcinoma and the muscularis propria (MP) in transurethral resection of bladder (TURB) specimens.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Retrospective analysis of pathology reports from 2017 to 2023 identified pT1 cases in TURB specimens, subcategorised using a 2-tiered approach. Exclusions were applied based on specific criteria, leading to a final cohort of 24 patients. We evaluated the tumour diameter and proximity to the MP from a \"Tumour-MP (T-M) angle\" perspective. A novel pT1b risk stratification method focusing on the T-M angle to differentiate low- and high-risk groups was developed, in which pT1b low-risk is defined as a T-M angle less than 180 degrees, and pT1b high-risk is defined as a T-M angle greater than 180 degrees.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study of 24 pT1b UC cases, 16 were categorised as pT1b low-risk and 8 as pT1b high-risk. Notably, the high-risk group showed a higher upstaging rate to advanced tumour stages (≥pT2) in radical cystectomy (RC) specimens compared to the low-risk group (88% vs. 56%, p = 0.015).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This new risk stratification method presents promise in guiding early aggressive treatment decisions, though larger prospective studies are essential for further validation and clinical integration.</p>","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"47 2","pages":"247-252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144975043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts of the National Pathology Conference 2024: Towards Dynamic and Excellent Pathology Services, organised by the Negeri Sembilan Pathology Services, 2nd - 3rd October 2024, Klana Resort, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>No abstract available.</p>","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"47 1","pages":"139-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equations in Asia: A systematic review.","authors":"A Siddiqui, S Lakhani, F A Khan, I Siddiqui, S Ahmed","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a global public health challenge, necessitating accurate assessment of renal function for timely intervention. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a crucial indicator, traditionally measured using creatinine-based equations. However, Cystatin C-based equations offer potential advantages. We aim to evaluate the performance of estimated GFR (eGFR) equations for accurate renal function assessment in diverse Asian populations.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Following PRISMA guidelines, the systematic review covered studies from 1991 to 2023 across Asian populations, incorporating equations based on both creatinine and Cystatin C. Eligibility criteria included adults aged 18 or older, either healthy or with CKD. Data extraction included study details, population characteristics, disease conditions, and formulas used. Quality assessment was conducted using the QUADAS-2 tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study analysed 26 studies focusing on South Asia and 66 on East Asia. In South Asia, the CKD-Epi-Pak equation demonstrated superior accuracy, achieving high percentages of eGFR values within specified ranges of measured GFR (P15: 70.39%, P30: 89.35%) with minimal bias (-1.33). The traditional MDRD equation exhibited poor performance, registering the lowest agreement percentages (P15: 7.8%, P30: 25.4%, P50: 71.1%) and the highest bias (-26.13). In East Asia, the CKD-Epi-2021 formula displayed the best accuracy, with high percentages of eGFR values within specified ranges (P15: 65.4%, P30: 97.6%). The simplified MDRD formula showed suboptimal performance, indicating lower agreement percentages (P15: 15.46%, P50: 56.59%). Variations of the MDRD formula in Japan exhibited bias while modified Gates Method demonstrated inferior precision.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CKD-Epi-Pak and CKD-Epi-2021 show potential suitability in South and East Asia, respectively. Future research should prioritise ethnicity-specific equation development to enhance accuracy and clinical utility in Asian populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"47 1","pages":"31-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pattern of fatal injuries of fall from height: A 10-year study.","authors":"A Zaini, M S Shafie, F Mohd Nor, N Abdul Razak","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fatal falls from heights rank as the second leading cause of unnatural deaths, following road traffic accidents. Victims exhibit distinct injury patterns influenced by multiple factors. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the pattern of fatal injuries resulting from falls from height in medicolegal autopsies.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We reviewed 340 autopsies records conducted at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre for ten years from 2010 to 2019. Statistical analysis was performed on socio-demographic data, cause and manner of death, fall height, primary impact, toxicological analysis, and psychiatric illness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 340 cases comprising 246 males and 94 females, representing 175 Chinese, 106 non-Malaysians, 28 Malays, 27 Indians, and two Bumiputeras Sabahan/Sarawakian. Their ages ranged from 5 months to 86 years old. The findings revealed that most deceased were males aged between 19 and 40. The primary locations of falls were reported within the home (77.9%) and workplace (16.8%). In cases of falls from significant heights, multiple injuries were the leading cause of death (71.4%), with 68.3% of these incidents classified as suicides. Head injuries were prevalent in falls from lower elevations (42.3%), particularly in accidental scenarios (34.9%). In 80% of cases, toxicological analysis yielded negative results, with alcohol being the most frequently detected substance (30.9%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study revealed that most injuries were linked to suicide. Hence, it is crucial to implement preventive measures to raise awareness among the public and mitigate similar incidents in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"47 1","pages":"91-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital pathology in Malaysia.","authors":"G C Tan, Y P Wong","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>No abstract available.</p>","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"47 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro multinucleated giant cell-like cells formation: An observation.","authors":"W X Kok, S K Cheong, P P Leong","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The formation of multinucleated giant cells (MGCs), is known to occur during chronic inflammations. However, the molecular mechanisms and cell signalling pathways by which they adhere are largely unknown. Most studies concerning the development of MGCs involve the stimulation of isolated monocytes or macrophages with infectious pathogens. However, such in vitro studies are limited, and the resulting MGCs do not accurately mimic MGC observed in vivo. In this report, we discuss an observation of the emergence of MGCs derived from umbilical cord blood in a modified methylcellulose culture.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A 10-day colony-forming unit (CFU) assay (methylcellulose culture) using umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells resulted in the emergence of adherent epithelioid-like clusters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the latter stages of the culture timeline, monocytic-like cells were observed to emerge from within these adherent clusters, alongside the formation of large MGCs exhibiting their characteristic morphology of multiple nuclei.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This observation could serve as a reference for cell culture studies and may present an alternative model of monocytic-lineage cell development, involving an intermediary stage rather than the conventional linear haematopoietic hierarchy of blood cell differentiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"47 1","pages":"113-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of climatic pattern and leptospirosis cases in Malaysia from 2013 to 2021.","authors":"N A Azman, N S Rasudin, E H Atan, N Abdul Ghafar, R Ismail, N D S Dedy Chandra","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Leptospirosis is an emerging infectious disease exemplified by frequent outbreaks worldwide with more than one million cases and 50,000 deaths annually. A high number of cases have been reported in Southeast Asia, including Malaysia. This study aims to identify the relationship between climatic patterns and leptospirosis cases in Malaysia from 2013 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The climatic data comprising temperature, humidity, and rainfall from 2013 to 2021 were obtained from the Malaysian Meteorological Department. Data was collected from five states in Malaysia: Kelantan, Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, and Sarawak. A Spearman correlation test was used to determine the relationship between the climatic pattern and Leptospirosis cases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In general, Leptospirosis cases fluctuated, with a maximum number of 8291 cases in 2015 and the lowest number being 1761 cases in 2021. The rainfall (mm) exhibited a fluctuating pattern from 2013 to 2021, with the highest total rainfall of 1938.5 mm in 2017. Temperature patterns varied from 2013 to 2021 with the highest temperature recorded was 27.60 degrees Celsius (°C) in 2016. The humidity increased steadily from 2017 to 2021, with the highest humidity recorded at 83.7% in 2020. A significant relationship was identified between the rainfall (mm) and Leptospirosis cases (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings imply that the amount of rainfall has a significant relationship with leptospirosis cases and the highest cases of leptospirosis of 8291 cases, occurred in the year 2015 with a temperature of 27.3°C, a humidity of 82.4 %, and a total rainfall of 1559.1mm.</p>","PeriodicalId":48723,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology","volume":"47 1","pages":"77-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}