Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies最新文献

{"title":"Examining the impact of stream pH changes on transient P storage in streambed sediments across multiple temporal scales","authors":"Shuyang Wang ,&nbsp;James W. Roy ,&nbsp;Adam G. Yates ,&nbsp;Christopher T. Parsons ,&nbsp;Clare E. Robinson","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study region</h3><div>Canadian Laurentian Great Lakes Basin.</div></div><div><h3>Study focus</h3><div>Study examines the potential for stream pH changes to modulate the storage of phosphorus (P) in streambed sediments across multiple temporal scales by (i) synthesizing experimental data that quantify the relationships between pH and sediment P exchange, and (ii) comparing these relationships to measured long-term, seasonal, diel and event-based pH changes observed in streams.</div></div><div><h3>New hydrological insights for region</h3><div>Synthesis of experimental data indicate that P exchange is highly sensitive to pH changes over the pH range typically observed in Ontario streams (pH &gt;7). Of 157 monitored streams, 84 % experienced significant pH increases over the last 35 years, averaging + 0.24 pH change, and favouring long-term P release from streambed sediments or limiting P retention. Seasonally, most streams exhibited higher pH during summer, suggesting P release from sediments at times of high-productivity. Over shorter timescales, a subset of streams demonstrated diel pH fluctuations of &gt; 1 pH unit in summer, and rapid pH changes (up to 1.7 pH units) during precipitation and snowmelt events. pH changes of this magnitude may drive rapid and extensive P exchange from streambed sediment. Overall, our results indicate pH changes may be an under-appreciated control on the transient P storage within streams, with relevance at multiple temporal scales. This finding has implications for P load predictions by mechanistic watershed nutrient models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102788"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management watershed identification of sub-watersheds using spatial pattern analysis of watershed morphometric variables","authors":"Seon Yeon Choi,&nbsp;Chang Dae Jo,&nbsp;Heon Gak Kwon","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study Region</h3><div>This study was conducted across 195 sub-watersheds within the Nakdong River Basin in South Korea. The basin encompasses diverse topographic and hydrological characteristics, making it a suitable for morphometric and spatial analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Study Focus</h3><div>Sixteen morphometric parameters were derived using a geographic information system (GIS). Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to extract eight key variables: drainage density (D_d), drainage intensity (D_i), stream frequency (F_s), infiltration number (I_f), length of overland flow (L_of), circularity ratio (R_c), relative relief (R_r), and compactness constant (C_c). Spatial autocorrelation and clustering were assessed using Local Moran’s I and Local Geary’s C to identify localized patterns and anomalies in watershed morphology.</div></div><div><h3>New Hydrological Insights for the Region</h3><div>Watersheds with high D_d and F_s values exhibited dense stream networks and were prone to rapid runoff. Elevated I_f, D_i, and R_r indicated high hydrologic reactivity and erosion susceptibility. High L_of values suggested greater potential for pollutant retention, while R_c and C_c reflected circular basin shapes associated with concentrated runoff and flood risk. Spatial clusters of these variables were found in the upper and middle Nakdong reaches, highlighting zones vulnerable to environmental stress. Local Geary’s C revealed morphological similarities in northeastern and central sub-watersheds, while dissimilarities were interpreted as hydrological anomalies. The integrated PCA–LISA framework offers a robust approach for identifying water environment vulnerability and guiding targeted watershed management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102807"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking stream-reach nitrogen loads and groundwater “reachsheds” to inform wastewater-nitrogen management actions, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","authors":"Timothy D. McCobb ,&nbsp;Denis R. LeBlanc ,&nbsp;Jeffrey R. Barbaro ,&nbsp;Marcel Belaval","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study Region</h3><div>Cape Cod, Massachusetts, U.S.A.</div></div><div><h3>Study Focus</h3><div>Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) is a key factor in degrading groundwater and surface-water quality, particularly in coastal New England where onsite wastewater systems are prevalent. This study evaluated whether direct N-load measurements in streams on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, coupled with flow-path information from groundwater-flow models, can effectively identify potential land areas where nitrogen mitigation could substantially reduce loads to receiving waters. Nitrogen fluxes were measured along 63 stream reaches during winter and summer and paired with simulated groundwater recharge areas to identify and rank potential areas for reduction of nonpoint-source N inputs.</div></div><div><h3>New Hydrologic Insights for the Region</h3><div>Reach-scale nitrate-N loads ranged from −39.1–1182 kg-N/yr per 100 m of stream, indicating spatially variable groundwater inputs across seasons. “Reachsheds” — areas contributing groundwater recharge to specific stream reaches — were delineated using a regional groundwater-flow model. Strong correlations were found between observed N loads and land-use characteristics, especially the number of septic systems and total N inputs from the sum of considered sources. Observed N loads were moderately correlated with recharge area size and wastewater flow estimates. Correlating reach-specific groundwater N loads with land use and parcel-scale nitrogen-yield data identified reachsheds with the highest potential for N load reduction. This approach enables targeted implementation of restoration efforts to optimize nutrient management and support regional load reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102787"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the meteorological causes of hydrological drought through the integration of spatiotemporal cubes and interpretable machine learning: A case study of the Yangtze River Basin","authors":"Hongxiang Wang,&nbsp;Siyuan Cheng,&nbsp;Lintong Huang,&nbsp;Wenxian Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study region</h3><div>Yangtze River,China</div></div><div><h3>Study focus</h3><div>Climate warming and extreme weather events have intensified hydrological drought, especially at long-term and large scales, making the impact of meteorological factors particularly important. This study evaluates the impact of meteorological factors (temperature, precipitation, potential evapotranspiration) on hydrological drought in the Yangtze River basin from 1980 to 2019. The study employs a spatiotemporal cube to analyze the clustering and hotspots of meteorological factors. This study developed optimal interpretable models using XGBoost-SHAP and CNN-SHAP, quantifying the impacts of climate change and human activities on hydrological drought, and analyzing the underlying causes of hydrological drought.</div></div><div><h3>New hydrological insights for the region</h3><div>The climate characteristics of the Yangtze River basin show significant differences, and various meteorological factors have a notable impact on hydrological drought. Hydrological drought in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River basin is primarily driven by climate change, contributing 85 %, whereas the impact in the downstream has decreased, with a contribution rate of 55 %. The contribution of meteorological factors to hydrological drought varies between the upper and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, with the upper reaches primarily influenced by relative humidity (SHAP value 0.27) and the lower reaches primarily influenced by average temperature (SHAP value 0.25). This study explores the impact of meteorological factors on hydrological drought and provides a theoretical foundation for the prevention and control of hydrological drought in the basin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102796"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GRACE-based analysis of groundwater sustainability in the tropics","authors":"Pedro Romero,&nbsp;Adriana Piña","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study focus</h3><div>This study uses satellite observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) to evaluate groundwater storage sustainability across Colombia. The assessment integrates drought climatology estimates, basin-scale trends, and sustainability indices, providing essential information to support long-term groundwater management strategies and strengthen climate resilience.</div></div><div><h3>Study region</h3><div>Colombia lies in the equatorial tropics, where the hydrological regime is shaped by the complex orography of the three ranges of the Colombian Andes. This study evaluates groundwater sustainability across the five major Colombian river basins from 2003 to 2024. The findings provide a basin-level perspective on groundwater dynamics, offering insights to guide sustainable water resource management in tropical Andean regions.</div></div><div><h3>New hydrological insights for the region</h3><div>Groundwater sustainability is at risk in numerous regions worldwide, where overexploitation threatens both resource depletion and insufficient replenishment. In parallel, regulatory agencies often lack the necessary information for effective groundwater monitoring and management. This study constitutes the first comprehensive assessment of groundwater sustainability in Colombia, overcoming challenges related to data scarcity, complex topography, and limited in-situ monitoring infrastructure. A non-parametric analysis was applied to quantify sustainability through reliability, resiliency, and vulnerability indices. Results revealed alarmingly low values, with a nationwide maximum of only 0.25. Additionally, precipitation–GWSa correlations were analyzed to estimate response times, identify areas where this relationship is strongest, and pinpoint regions where management could be improved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102756"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantify water quality variation of urban river from hyperspectral images through ripple propagation network with spatially inconsecutive sampling","authors":"Yishan Zhang ,&nbsp;Lun Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Study region</div><div>Huangyang River, Zhuhai city, Guangdong province, China</div><div>Study focus</div><div>High-quality water environment is indispensable to industrial and agricultural advancement. Present methods predicted concentrations of various water quality parameters (WQPs) using their individual models, which suffered calculation instability on various WQPs and needed spatially successive water sampling covering the entire monitoring area to keep calculation accuracy. This study proposed a feature interaction ripple network (FIRN) to retrieve concentrations of WQPs including total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), chlorophyll a (Chl-a), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and total suspended solids (TSS). FIRN reduced dependence of prediction accuracy on spatial continuity of water sampling and the amount of training samples. All above WQPs were quantified in a unified framework from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) hyperspectral images, where sampled and unsampled regions were correlated through information sharing and delivery.</div><div>New hydrological insights for the region</div><div>Spatial distributions of various WQPs concentrations of Huangyang River in 2024 were visualized by FIRN, where the water quality degraded from 03/2024 to 06/2024 and improved from 06/2024 to 09/2024 with respect to the average WQPs concentrations. Multi-aspect analysis of impact by environmental factors including temperature, daylength, precipitation, and PM2.5 upon water quality was conducted, elucidating the correlation among environmental factors and spatial distributions of WQPs. Spatial distribution visualization of WQPs concentrations indicated locations of potential contamination sources in different time periods. The proposed method was applied to monitor variation of water quality of Huangyang River over time, laying theoretical and technical foundation to formulate water environment management scheme of urban rivers. Experimental results showed that the best mean absolute percent error (MAPE) and coefficient of determination (<span><math><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>) of FIRN were 7.85% and 0.96 respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102765"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Source identification and health risk assessment of urban groundwater nitrate contamination in Chongqing, southwestern China","authors":"Yunhui Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhan Xie ,&nbsp;Weiting Liu ,&nbsp;Jinhang Huang ,&nbsp;Si Chen ,&nbsp;Xingjun Zhang ,&nbsp;Chang Yang ,&nbsp;Junyi Li ,&nbsp;Wulue Kang ,&nbsp;Yangshuang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study region</h3><div>Chongqing, southwestern China</div></div><div><h3>Study focus</h3><div>Excessive nitrate (NO₃⁻) concentrations in groundwater pose considerable threats to human health. The identification of nitrate along with its transport mechanisms in groundwater systems and the associated human health risks is a critical challenge that requires urgent attention, particularly in urban areas. To reach the goals, 41 groundwater samples were collected from the urban area of Chongqing.</div></div><div><h3>New hydrological insights for the region</h3><div>Nitrate is the primary chemical parameter that exceeds regulatory standards (20 mg/L) in the groundwater of the study area, with an average concentration of 19.47 mg/L, and 20 % of the samples surpassing the threshold. The results of natural background levels and Moran’s index revealed that elevated NO₃⁻ concentrations were distributed within the Guanyinxia anticline, an area predominantly characterized by cropland. The Bayesian MixSIAR model indicated that agricultural activities were the primary contribution (27.7 % - 77.6 %) to the nitrate source in groundwater. In the Guanyinxia anticline, nitrate derived from agricultural activities accounts for more than 70 % of the total nitrate in groundwater. Hydrodynamic field simulations demonstrated that nitrate in groundwater predominantly migrated downward along the orientation of rock strata in the anticline. Human health risk assessment revealed that children may face non-carcinogenic risks due to nitrate exposure, with a maximum hazard index of 15.553. The non-parametric method further demonstrated minimal error in Monte Carlo simulations when applied to datasets containing outliers. These findings provide valuable insights into source identification and health risk assessment of urban groundwater nitrate contamination around the world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102792"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban spatial layout optimization from the “Double E” perspective to mitigate urban flooding in the context of urban expansion","authors":"Yuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Chao Xu ,&nbsp;Meirong Su ,&nbsp;Zhihao Xu ,&nbsp;Weiwei Lu ,&nbsp;Yanmin Teng ,&nbsp;Qianyuan Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study region</h3><div>Shenzhen, a coastal megacity in southern China, is characterized by limited land resources and frequent typhoon-induced rainstorms, both of which intensify urban flooding.</div></div><div><h3>Study focus</h3><div>Optimizing the area and location of construction land to reduce surface runoff has proven to be an effective measure for mitigating urban flooding. However, balancing the effectiveness and expense—the “Double E”—of such measures under urban expansion remains insufficiently explored. This study aims to develop an integrated optimization framework to address this gap by coupling the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) model with the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) to simulate runoff and identify optimal land conversion strategies under territorial spatial planning constraints. The proposed framework contributes to improving urban resilience in the context of construction land expansion.</div></div><div><h3>New hydrological insights for the region</h3><div>The results show that 37.71 km² of cropland, 108.48 km² of woodland, and 3.81 km² of grassland, primarily in the city’s eastern regions, can be converted to construction land within the constraints of Shenzhen’s territorial spatial planning (construction land may increase by 150 km²). Compared to a randomly generated baseline solution, the optimized solution increases costs by only 1.8 % while reducing the additional runoff volume (∆RV) by 4.5 %–6.3 % across different rainfall return periods. Additionally, eight grid types were identified to guide decision-makers in addressing flood prevention, economic feasibility, and balanced development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102790"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the multi-scenario water resources vulnerability assessment and its influencing factors in the Kaidu River Basin considering ecological water demand","authors":"Chenglin Cao ,&nbsp;Yi Wang ,&nbsp;Junwei Ding ,&nbsp;Diqiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study region</h3><div>The Kaidu River Basin (Xinjiang)</div></div><div><h3>Study focus</h3><div>Ecological water demand is a key element for maintaining the stability of the water cycle and ensuring the sustainable allocation of water resources. This study aims to incorporate the key indicator of ecological water demand, which characterizes the health of the water ecosystem, into the evaluation system. Based on the Vulnerability Scoping Diagram (VSD) framework, a climate-hydrology-socioeconomic multi-element coupled evaluation model was constructed. Combining multiple prediction methods such as bias correction, SWAT model and linear regression. The water resources vulnerability and variation characteristics in different scenarios were analyzed, and the influence degree of each factor on the water resources vulnerability was clarified.</div></div><div><h3>New hydrological insights for the region</h3><div>According to the analysis of water resources vulnerability, compared with the historical period (2000–2020), the vulnerability value in the future period (2026–2050) will increase. Anthropogenic factors have a more pronounced impact on the water resources vulnerability, while natural meteorological conditions have a relatively balanced impact. Meanwhile, with a goal of reducing future vulnerability by 10 %, the greatest challenge lies in reducing the sensitivity of water resources in the basin, followed by exposure, with adaptability being the least challenging. The research findings provide scientific decision-making references for the management of water resources and development in typical basins of the Northwest arid region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102779"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The response mechanism of urban precipitation to impervious surface expansion","authors":"Yang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanhui Zhu ,&nbsp;Kun Yang ,&nbsp;Shihong Du ,&nbsp;Quan Wang ,&nbsp;Lei Zhao ,&nbsp;Zongqi Peng ,&nbsp;Yi Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study region</h3><div>Beijing Metropolitan Area</div></div><div><h3>Study focus</h3><div>Rapid urbanization has altered land‑surface characteristics, exacerbating extreme rainfall events and increasing the risk of urban flooding. However, the mechanisms by which impervious surface density (ISD)—an indicator of urban spatial structure—affects precipitation remain poorly understood, particularly across cities of different sizes. In this study, we employed XGBoost and SHAP methods to investigate the response mechanism of urban precipitation's spatiotemporal distribution to the ISD.</div></div><div><h3>New hydrological insights for the region</h3><div>The study reveals a significant positive correlation between impervious surface density (ISD) and annual precipitation enhancement. The effect of ISD on the increase of annual precipitation is more pronounced during the early stage of urbanization. Mechanistic analysis indicates that ISD primarily enhances precipitation through heat island effects in the initial urbanization stage, shifting to moisture transport regulation in later stage. To mitigate urban‑flooding risks driven by rapid local increases in precipitation, we recommend maintaining ISD below 47 %. These findings provide important theoretical and practical guidance for precipitation regulation and risk management in rapidly urbanizing regions worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102789"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}