Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech最新文献

{"title":"EEG-SymNet: multi-channel EEG signal-based schizophrenia diagnosis using channel recalibration and symmetric spatial temporal transformer network","authors":"Naif Alsharabi ,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar Mahendran ,&nbsp;Gharbi Alshammari","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by distorted thinking, perceptions, emotions, and behavior, which can significantly impair an individual’s ability to function in daily life. Early and effective diagnosis is crucial, as it enables timely intervention, which can improve outcomes and reduce the burden on patients and healthcare systems. Existing research in schizophrenia diagnosis often faces challenges related to the use of single-channel frequency EEG signals, which can overlook critical information provided by multi-channel data and limit the model’s ability to accurately capture the spatial and temporal dynamics of brain activity. In our proposed work, we introduce a novel model named EEG-SymNet: Spatial-Temporal Channel Recalibration Network for Schizophrenia Diagnosis using EEG signals, designed to enhance schizophrenia diagnosis through the utilization of multi-channel frequency EEG signals. Our approach begins with noise correction and power spectrum analysis to improve the quality of the EEG signals, ensuring a more reliable foundation for subsequent analysis. The pre-processed signals are then fed into our model, which consists of four main modules. First, Hierarchical Spatial Temporal Graph Neural Network (HSTG-Net) captures spatial features across channels, allowing for a comprehensive understanding of the EEG data. Next, the Multi-Channel Frequency Recalibration Module (CRFM) refines the model’s ability to interpret complex inter-channel relationships, enhancing inter-channel communication. Following this, Symmetric Transformer (Sym-T) enhances the learned temporal relations in the features, effectively capturing time-dependent patterns relevant to schizophrenia. Finally, a classifier layer is employed to provide accurate classification of the signals into schizophrenia and non-schizophrenia categories. The proposed STCR-Net model, which achieved an accuracy of 92.34 %, sensitivity of 91.78 %, specificity of 92.67 %, F1-Score of 0.92, and AUC of 0.95, demonstrating significant diagnostic improvements. Our proposed model addresses existing limitations and offers a robust framework for advancing the diagnosis of schizophrenia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102116"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical-economical-environmental assessment of grid-connected hybrid renewable energy power system for Gaza Strip-palestine","authors":"Hala J. El‐Khozondar ,&nbsp;Rifa J. EL-Khozondar ,&nbsp;Yasser F. Nassar ,&nbsp;Fady El-Batta","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Gaza Strip, located in Palestine, suffers from chronic energy shortages caused by ongoing political instability, which has severely damaged its electricity infrastructure. This study explores the feasibility of integrating high levels of renewable energy into Gaza’s power system via a hybrid on-grid configuration. The research aligns with UN SDG-7, aiming to provide affordable, clean energy to all nations, and evaluates multiple criteria, including economic, environmental, energy security, and technical factors. Using the Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) simulation tool, various grid-connected scenarios were assessed to minimize the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), Net Present Cost (NPC), and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The findings reveal an optimized hybrid energy system comprising photovoltaic (PV) panels, wind turbines, a biomass generator, a geothermal generator, and a sea wave (hydropower) system. The energy contribution from each source is as follows: 48.5 % from PV, 23.2 % from wind, 19.5 % from hydropower, 0.34 % from biogas, 0.0233 % from geothermal, and 8.44 % from grid purchases. Notably, 45.6 % of the system’s electricity can be sold back to the utility grid. The system reaches a peak capacity of 2,190.208 MW and meets a daily consumption of 17,874.430 MWh, while reducing annual fuel consumption from 1,311 m3 to 672 m3. Economically, the system achieves a Levelized Cost of Energy of $0.034/kWh, with a Net Present Cost of $2.86 billion, annual savings of $358 million, and a payback period of 6 years. Environmentally, the system cuts CO₂ emissions by 52 %, reducing emissions from 703,264 tonnes/year to 399,872 tonnes/year, highlighting its strong sustainability potential. This study represents the first comprehensive application of HOMER to design a renewable energy system capable of supplying the entire urban load in Gaza, expanding on previous efforts that were limited to rural or remote areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102120"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of mechanical and wear properties of 17–4 PH materials produced with different patterns in atomic diffusion additive manufacturing technology","authors":"Ufuk Tasci,&nbsp;Taha Alper Yilmaz","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effect of different infill patterns-Solid Fill, Gyroid Fill, and Triangular Fill-on the mechanical and tribological performance of 17–4 PH stainless steel components fabricated using the Atomic Diffusion Additive Manufacturing (ADAM) process on a MetalX™ system. Samples were produced according to the optimized parameters of the ADAM method and evaluated through density measurement, microhardness, tensile testing, transverse rupture strength (TRS), and wear tests. The Solid Fill structure exhibited the highest performance, achieving a relative density of 96.4 %, tensile strength of 948 MPa, and TRS of 1848.5 MPa. Additionally, it showed the lowest wear rate and minimal porosity. Gyroid and Triangular Fill samples offered reduced mechanical properties but presented advantages in material savings. These findings demonstrate that ADAM technology enables the production of high-performance parts with tailored mechanical properties through infill optimization, making it a promising method for advanced manufacturing sectors such as aerospace, automotive, and defense.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102117"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance enhancement of limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) using shale: industrial implementation Perspectives","authors":"Khuram Rashid ,&nbsp;Mounir Ltifi ,&nbsp;Idrees Zafar ,&nbsp;Minkwan Ju","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Limestone calcined clay cement (LC³) is one of prospective low-carbon ternary binders, developed by replacing 50 % of clinker with a combination of calcined clay (40 % kaolinite content) and limestone. However, for the optimization with low-grade clay, and their calcination temperatures remains a significant challenge for large-scale industrial production. This study investigates the potential enhancement of LC³ by incorporating shale/clay alternatives across three phases of casting. In the first phase, the mix proportions of the ternary components were varied to determine LC³ formulations ranging from LC³-10 to LC³-50, replacing ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with 10 % to 50 %, respectively. In the second phase, the optimized composition was further refined by increasing the calcination temperature of the shale/clay with 750, 800, and 850 °C. It was resulted that replacing OPC with up to 20 % LC³, combined with shale calcined at 800 °C, outperformed conventional cement in strength. The third phase focused on industrial plant implementation, where the shale-based LC³-15 and LC³-25 formulations were developed. The findings indicated that the LC³-15 and LC³-25 met the strength requirements of ASTM standards at all tested ages, with the LC³-15 also satisfying EN standards. An in-depth energy utilization analysis revealed significant environmental and economic benefits, with the LC³-25 production at an industrial scale, reducing CO₂ emissions by 16.2 % and production costs by 11 %. It was demonstrated that the shale-based LC³-25 as a sustainable alternative to conventional cement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102106"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Front Matter 1 - Full Title Page (regular issues)/Special Issue Title page (special issues)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2215-0986(25)00169-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2215-0986(25)00169-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 102114"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explosion resistance evaluation and damage prediction of middle partition walls in prefabricated frame tunnels","authors":"Zhen Huang ,&nbsp;Yuzhu Zhou ,&nbsp;Ziming Xiong ,&nbsp;Hao Lu ,&nbsp;Minqian Sun ,&nbsp;Maojiang Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the weak part of the assembled frame tunnel, the response evaluation of the middle partition wall under explosion load has attracted much attention. This study focuses on the dynamic response, post-disaster assessment, and damage prediction of the middle partition wall with different joint types (steel box joint, mortise-and-tenon joint, sleeve joint) in the prefabricated frame tunnel under blast load. Utilizing the CONWEP explosion load algorithm, three-dimensional refined models of the joints were established to analyze the failure modes and dynamic response characteristics of the middle partition wall subjected to explosive loads. The damage level of the middle partition wall was predicted by employing the deflection-span ratio damage assessment criterion and machine learning. The results show that the middle partition walls are damaged by a combination of bending and shear under explosive loads. The stiffness of the steel box type middle partition wall is the highest, and the damage at the structural joint is the least. When the explosive equivalent is less than 150 kg or the detonation distance is greater than 3 m, the displacement changes and explosion resistance of the three types of middle partition walls are equivalent. When the equivalent reaches 454 kg or the detonation distance is less than 3 m, the blast resistance and stability of the steel box type middle partition wall surpass those of the other types of middle partition walls. The probability of serious damage and collapse failure of the steel box type middle partition wall is less than that of the other two types of partition walls. In the case of low explosion intensity, the blast resistance of the middle walls of the three types of joints is equivalent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102107"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation and validation of multiphase flow in annular jet pump—a mixture model approach","authors":"Sadia Riaz ,&nbsp;Jussi Aaltonen ,&nbsp;Tobias Pinkse ,&nbsp;Kari Koskinen","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Slurry transport through pipelines is a common experience of multiphase flows in the mining industry, and there are many suitable CFD-based multiphase models for analysis. The Annular Jet Pump (AJP) is engineered to handle the complex flow dynamics associated with slurry transport, where the interactions between solid particles and the carrier fluid play a crucial role in determining the pumṕs performance. In this study, a multiphase mixture model is employed to simulate the behaviour of the slurry within the AJP, providing insights into the effects of dispersed particle size, dispersed phase concentration, nozzle convergence angle, and primary fluid́s flow rate on pump suction and pressure distribution. The CFD simulations are conducted to predict the performance characteristics, which are then validated against literature data (which is simulated and experimental). Variations in flow variables and turbulence variables are observed at the centreline of the AJP. The results demonstrate that the proposed Annular Jet Pumṕs design achieves efficient slurry transport and highlights the effectiveness of the multiphase mixture model in accurately predicting the pump’s performance under varying operational conditions. The trend in power input variation, the output’s mass flow rate, and Specific Energy Consumption are observed for a range of primary fluid́s volumetric flow rates. This integrated approach offers a comprehensive understanding of the fluid-particle interactions within the pump, contributing to efficient slurry transport systems in industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102100"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144262180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of resource allocations in 5G mobile network using Active Reward Learning","authors":"Taghi Shahgholi ,&nbsp;Keyhan Khamforoosh ,&nbsp;Amir Sheikhahmadi ,&nbsp;Sadoon Azizi","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a real-time dynamic resource allocation method for 5G mobile network slicing, leveraging active reward learning to enhance network performance and Quality of Experience (QoE). Unlike traditional static or reactive approaches, our method proactively predicts future resource availability and intelligently prioritizes requests based on urgency and importance. We employ a sophisticated active reward function that incorporates key network parameters, including Probability of Connectivity, Spectrum Efficiency, Sub-channel Occupancy Ratio, Packet Loss Ratio, and Packet Delay. This function dynamically adjusts parameter weights based on network conditions and real-time traffic patterns, ensuring efficient resource utilization. Furthermore, we extend this approach to Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) for traffic light control. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed method achieves a 15% reduction in average packet delay and a 10% improvement in spectrum efficiency in 5G network slicing compared to traditional methods. In the ITS application, we observe a 20% decrease in average vehicle waiting time and a 5% increase in traffic throughput. These results highlight the effectiveness of our approach in enhancing network performance and responsiveness in dynamic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 102089"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing nutrient supplementation strategies for sustainable biological treatment of textile wastewater","authors":"Saidou Kinda ,&nbsp;Naim Sezgin","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With increasing industrialization, urbanization, and the growing impacts of climate change, there is a heightened focus on improving wastewater treatment processes across various sectors. The textile industry—one of the largest water-consuming and wastewater-producing sectors globally—faces major challenges in biological treatment, particularly due to nutrient deficiencies, mainly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). This study addresses these deficiencies by evaluating appropriate nutrient supplementation to optimize biological treatment efficiency at a textile wastewater treatment plant. Based on raw wastewater characterization and current treatment processes, the required nutrient amounts were calculated. Several supplementation scenarios, including animal manures (chicken-pigeon) and synthetic fertilizers [di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) and DAP + urea], were assessed. Results showed that the most effective option was the addition of 13.37 kg of DAP and 68.13 kg of urea daily. The daily costs of these alternatives were calculated as €278 for animal manures, €202.5 for DAP, and €73.5 for DAP + urea. Economic analysis revealed that DAP + urea supplementation was the most cost-effective solution. Nutrient optimization led to a 38 % reduction in operating costs related to chemical treatment. This approach is also expected to reduce the plant’s carbon footprint and contribute positively to climate change mitigation. Future research will explore natural nutrient sources and assess their impacts on treatment efficiency through pilot-scale studies. This work highlights the potential for both cost savings and environmental benefits through sector-specific improvements in wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 102102"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-port bi-directional CP metasurface-integrated MIMO antenna for Wi-Fi 7 full-duplex communications","authors":"Phakpoom Sritongnuan ,&nbsp;Phatsakul Thitimahatthanakusol ,&nbsp;Nathapat Supreeyatitikul ,&nbsp;Jessada Konpang","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research proposes a dual-port bi-directional circularly polarized (CP) metasurface (MTS)-integrated multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna scheme for Wi-Fi 7 full-duplex communications. The antenna dimensions in electrical and mechanical size were 0.87 × 0.61 × 0.053 <em>λ</em>³ and 52.3 × 36.6 × 3.2 mm³, respectively. The dual-port CP MTS-integrated MIMO antenna scheme contained two clusters of MTS-integrated antenna, and each single-port antenna consisted of 3 × 4 MTS-gridded elements, circular-shaped patch, and ground plane. The single-port antennas were positioned facing each other to generate both right- and left-hand circular polarization. The CP MTS-gridded element was designed using characteristic mode analysis, where the two-mode orthogonality (Modes 1 and 4) contributed to CP radiation. The isolation between the dual-port MIMO antennas was enhanced through coupling current suppression. The operating bandwidth based on simulated and measured return loss (|<em>S</em>₁₁|, |<em>S</em>₂₂| ≤ −10 dB) were 60 % (4.96–8.86 GHz) and 56.46 % (5–8.67 GHz), respectively. The simulated and measured isolation (|<em>S</em>₂₁|) was less than −20 dB and –22 dB. The operating bandwidth based on simulated axial ratio 18 % (6.27–7.44 GHz) for both ports. Meanwhile, the measured axial ratio was 18.46 % (6.25 – 7.45 GHz) and 18.15 % (6.26–7.44 GHz) and for Ports 1 and 2. respectively. The highest gain of the simulated results was 5.47 dBic at 6.43 GHz for both ports, while the measured results were 6.5 dBic at 6.6 GHz for Port 1 and 6.55 dBic at 6.54 GHz for Port 2. The dual-port CP MTS-integrated MIMO antenna exhibits a bidirectional circularly polarized radiation pattern. Additionally, the envelope correlation coefficient remains below 0.005, while the diversity gain exceeds 9.985 dB, ensuring optimal MIMO performance. The mean effective gain, total active reflection coefficient, channel capacity loss were ≤−3 dB, &lt; −15 dB, and &lt;0.5 bits/s/Hz, respectively. These characteristics confirm the antenna’s suitability for Wi-Fi 7 full-duplex communication systems. Notably, this study is the first to introduce a dual-port bi-directional CP MTS-integrated MIMO antenna design specifically for Wi-Fi 7 full-duplex applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 102103"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}