Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech最新文献

{"title":"Big data analysis on flow characteristics according to welded penetration locations for fire sprinkler piping system design","authors":"Joo Hyun Moon ,&nbsp;Jae Heon Gu ,&nbsp;Dong Kyu Kim ,&nbsp;In Woo Jang","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a big data-driven computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of Tee‐type fire sprinkler pipelines, focusing on how different weld penetration depths affect flow behavior and overall system performance. Over 2000 simulation cases were generated by varying key parameters, including inlet velocity, base and branch diameters, and penetration depths. The results show that deeper penetration can create pronounced recirculation zones and significant local pressure drops, especially in smaller‐diameter main pipes. These undesirable flow disturbances may undermine sprinkler efficiency by causing uneven velocity distribution or increasing cavitation risks. A regression model based on both a power‐law empirical approach and a Deep Neural Network was developed to predict average velocities at multiple monitoring points. The DNN model, supplemented by reinforcement learning, achieved a high accuracy within ±10% error, surpassing simpler regression techniques. This integrated approach highlights how big data simulations and machine learning can guide penetration depth selection, thus improving fire suppression reliability and reducing long‐term corrosion risks in sprinkler systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102134"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel metrics and LSH algorithms for unsupervised, real-time anomaly detection in multi-aspect data streams","authors":"Samira Khodabandehlou ,&nbsp;Alireza Hashemi Golpayegani","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given a vast online stream of transactions in e-markets, how can we detect fraudulent traders and suspicious behaviors in an unsupervised manner? Can we detect them in constant time and memory? Fraud detection in e-markets is increasingly challenging due to the scale and complexity of multi-aspect data streams. This study introduces SATrade, an unsupervised and scalable approach for real-time anomaly detection in big multi-aspect data streams. This approach proposes two novel Locality-Sensitive Hashing (LSH) functions: Gaussian projections to preserve numerical distances and collision-resistant linear hashing to prevent the increase in dimensionality of the categorical data. The main contributions include the Collusiveness metric, which detects group anomalies through statistical divergence analysis, and the RR-ISF, which prioritizes rare burst patterns. An exponential decay mechanism (λ) ensures adaptability to evolving fraud tactics without retraining, while PCA handles feature correlation. In extensive experiments on five real datasets, using both synthetic and real labels, SATrade achieved 99 % AUC, 93 % F-measure, and 0.2 ms/record latency, which is a significant improvement over the six baseline methods. The framework’s interpretability allows tracing anomalies to fraudulent behaviors like sudden order spikes. The constant memory consumption of 0.25 MB per record and linear scalability make SATrade suitable for high-frequency environments and online platforms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102119"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tire aging: A state-of-the-art review","authors":"Pietro Stabile ,&nbsp;Gianpiero Mastinu ,&nbsp;Massimiliano Gobbi ,&nbsp;Perla Bardini","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tire aging is a complex process driven by several environmental and mechanical factors. It significantly impacts vehicle safety and performance, presenting a critical challenge for engineers material scientists. This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the key factors affecting the aging of tires (namely oxidation, thermal degradation, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, ozone concentration, and humidity) and examines how each contributes to the loss of mechanical integrity in rubber compounds. Quantitative analyses from the literature show, for instance, that prolonged aging of rubber compounds mainly reduces elongation at break and tensile strength, while modulus and hardness increase. On the tire, these changes lead to an increased risk of failure, reduced traction capabilities, handling issues. For each aging factor, the specific aging mechanism is explored. The review further examines the primary experimental methods used to study the tire aging phenomenon. Particular emphasis is placed on the use of accelerated aging tests and climate chambers. While most studies rely on simplified material specimens, this review highlights the need for methods that better replicate real operational conditions. The paper also addresses the complex synergistic effects arising from the simultaneous action of multiple aging factors, an area that is largely underexplored in the current literature. A major challenge is the definition of accelerated aging test procedures, especially for tires, which involve the combination of mechanical loading and environmental factors. This review bridges fundamental theory of tire aging with practical engineering applications, setting the groundwork for future research in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102101"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CrackNet: A new deep learning-based strategy for automatic classification of road cracks after earthquakes","authors":"Fatih Demir ,&nbsp;Erkut Yalcin ,&nbsp;Mehmet Yilmaz","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Highways are one of the most preferred transport options. Timely maintenance of highways prevents higher maintenance costs in the future. Especially detecting deterioration on highways due to major earthquakes is of great importance. Because humanitarian and logistical material aid is provided to the earthquake areas through highways. Therefore, there is a need for system applications that automatically detect asphalt deterioration. In this study, the images of asphalt cracks that occurred in five different major cities in Turkey after two major earthquakes that occurred consecutively in the Elbistan region were analyzed. These cracks were labeled as major and minor by experts from the construction department. In the next stage, asphalt cracks were categorized with a new deep learning-based model. In the study, data reliability was increased with gradient-based preprocessing steps. In the feature extraction stage, a multi-scale and multi-input customized ConvMixer (MSMICM)-based model was used. In the classification stage, a new weighted-reliefF-subspace-SVM (WRSS) algorithm was developed. This proposed approach achieved 94.2% classification performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102128"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transparent metal surfaces on glass windows enhance 5G mm-wave transmission for indoor communication","authors":"Dat Tien Nguyen ,&nbsp;Chang Won Jung ,&nbsp;Jung-Nam Lee ,&nbsp;Jung Ick Moon","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a straightforward design for a bandpass frequency selective surface (FSS) that achieves high optical transparency (OT) and enhances millimeter-wave transmission through glass windows for 5G indoor wireless communication. These FSSs, applied to glass windows and termed glass-penetrating transparent surfaces (GPTSs), are engineered with <em>meta</em>-surface technology to remain visually unobtrusive in environments where signal propagation control is essential. To maximize OT, a simple square-line pattern with miniaturized metal lines was employed. These square structures are cascaded to minimize the effect of the metal area on transparency, creating an FSS with a top layer of square loops and a bottom layer of grid wires separated by a transparent polymer layer. The proposed GPTSs were evaluated on two types of glass windows with low and high penetration losses. GPTS1, which features wider copper lines (100 μm), maintains good OT at 64 % and operates in the n257 and n261 frequency bands. In addition, GPTS2 employs narrower copper lines (30 μm), achieving an excellent OT of 81.4 %, and operating in the n257, n258, and n261 frequency bands. Results indicate that the proposed FSS designs hold promise as effective solutions for millimeter-wave signal filtering on glass windows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102132"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent UAV health monitoring: Detecting propeller and structural faults with MEMS-based vibration","authors":"Temel Sonmezocak","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, with the increasing prevalence of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), numerous studies have been published on mechanical fault detection and safety. However, most of these studies fail to adequately consider real environmental conditions and the behaviour of UAVs at different speed levels both in the air and on the ground. Furthermore, most of these studies are limited solely to propeller damage. Early detection of mechanical faults in UAV systems, including propeller damage, loosening of rotor screws, and UAV carrier arm screws, is crucial for system safety and operational efficiency. In this study, two cost-effective Microelectromechanical System (MEMS)-based models are proposed to effectively detect propeller damage, as well as rotor and carrier arm screw looseness, under real-world environmental conditions and at different rotor rotation speeds. These models are designed to perform fault detection both before and during flight based on the vibration data of a multirotor UAV. To achieve this, vibration signals were analysed using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to identify the operational frequency regions under both fault-free and faulty conditions. Additionally, eight different amplitude-frequency features within the significant frequency bands of the signals were examined and compared across different rotor speeds. For fault detection, the performance of Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Decision Tree (DT), and Neural Network (NN) algorithms was evaluated. The model achieved a maximum accuracy of 99.40 % in detecting the severity of propeller damage. Furthermore, the study also investigated loosening conditions in the propeller rotor and UAV carrier arm screws, demonstrating that, in combination with propeller faults, other mechanical loosening problems can be detected with a maximum accuracy of 95.86 %, highlighting the superior performance of the proposed approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102130"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lightweight image encryption using integer reversible discrete Dual-Hahn transform on embedded systems","authors":"Mohamed Yamni ,&nbsp;Achraf Daoui ,&nbsp;Chakir El-Kasri ,&nbsp;May Almousa ,&nbsp;Ali Abdullah S. AlQahtani ,&nbsp;Ahmed A. Abd El-Latif","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The security and performance of a cryptographic algorithm can be reduced when implemented on an embedded system, such as a 32-bit microcontroller, due to the limitation of hardware resources, such as computational precision, processing power, and memory. This paper introduces the Integer Reversible Discrete Dual-Hahn Transform (IRDDHT), a novel integer-based transform designed for secure image encryption in resource-constrained embedded systems. The IRDDHT ensures lossless encryption by eliminating rounding errors common in floating-point transforms, maintaining image fidelity during encryption and decryption. We then propose a lightweight encryption algorithm based on IRDDHT, which introduces implicit diffusion and relies on parameter sensitivity to enhance security. When implemented on the ESP32 microcontroller, the proposed algorithm occupies less than 4 % of SRAM and 8.5 % of Flash memory, achieving a throughput of 170.67 kbps at the device’s maximum clock frequency. It is energy-efficient, capable of encrypting up to 129,025 grayscale images of size 256 × 256 pixels on a standard 3300 mAh battery. The algorithm ensures perfect decryption with no loss of image fidelity and demonstrates strong resistance to statistical attacks with near-ideal correlation values, as well as brute-force attacks with a large key space of <span><math><msup><mn>2</mn><mn>199</mn></msup></math></span>. These results indicate that the IRDDHT-based encryption method is an effective solution for secure image encryption in embedded systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102108"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Neural Network-integrated Elastoplastic Constitutive Model using Haigh–Westergaard Coordinates and Data Augmentation","authors":"Myung-Sung Kim ,&nbsp;Taehyun Lee ,&nbsp;Yongjin Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces an elastoplastic constitutive model integrated with a neural network, utilizing Haigh–Westergaard coordinates and a data augmentation technique to enhance the prediction of material behavior under monotonic and cyclic loading conditions. The neural network employs the stress of the trial state and the equivalent plastic strain of the current state as input variables, generating the updated stress, trial yield function, and plastic multiplier as output variables. The stress state in the 3D principal stress space is represented using Haigh–Westergaard coordinates, reducing it to three variables, which mitigates the out-of-distribution problem. Compared to a model trained on a principal stress space-based dataset, the model trained on a Haigh–Westergaard coordinates-based dataset demonstrated superior interpolation and extrapolation capabilities. Furthermore, the proposed neural network-integrated model, with optimized output variables, exhibited improved performance in stress prediction and plastic multiplier estimation compared to the non-optimized model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102104"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144469987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity analysis of heat transfer optimization in a buoyancy driven slip flow of Williamson-tri-hybrid nanofluid over thin needle using RSM","authors":"Mohamed Bouzidi ,&nbsp;Sohail Rehman ,&nbsp;Fisal Asiri ,&nbsp;Refka Ghodhbani ,&nbsp;Vineet Tirth","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the optimum heat transfer in a buoyancy-driven Williamson tri-hybrid nanofluid (HNF) flow over a thin needle, incorporating Cattaneo-Christov heat flux (CCHFM), slip effects, and nanoparticle-enhanced thermal efficiency utilizing response surface methodology (RSM). The flow over a thin needle has various applications in advanced cooling systems, biomedical devices, and energy-efficient thermal management. The CCHFM, Thompson and Thorian slip effects and heat transfer efficiency as a result of the dispersed three nanoparticles is mainly focused in this communication. The Runge-Kutta (RK-4) method is used to numerically solve the governing problem. Regression analysis is implemented to estimate the regression coefficients, and the RSM is utilized to establish a correlation between the nanomaterials load and the Nusselt number. The experimental sensitivity analysis is carried out to determine the sensitivity of three dispersed nanoparticle volumetric friction on Nusselt number. The results indicate that the Richardson number lowers the temperature profile. An increasing trend for velocity is seen because of positive thermal buoyancy. The tri-HNF increases the efficiency of heat transmission. Uplifting Weissenberg number result in reduced velocity because of elastic effects. Velocity and temperature show similar behavior against velocity slip and velocity ratio parameter. Both temperature and velocity show a declining trend under CCHFM due to thermal relaxation parameter. In comparison to <span><math><mrow><mi>Cu</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><msub><mi>l</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>, the <span><math><mrow><mi>MnZnF</mi><msub><mi>e</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> display increasing effect on heat transfer rate. The Nusselt number is more sensitive to higher volume fraction of 5%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102125"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A kernel average misorientation evaluation of surface alterations caused by angled droplet impingements","authors":"Jakub Poloprudský ,&nbsp;Alice Chlupová ,&nbsp;Štěpán Gamanov ,&nbsp;Dagmar Klichová ,&nbsp;Gabriel Stolárik ,&nbsp;Akash Nag ,&nbsp;Sergej Hloch","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The droplet impact angle on the solid surface plays a crucial role in the erosion development, which is critical in structural applications. In the present study, a pulsating water jet with a frequency of 40 kHz generated droplets impacting the surface of steel. The number of droplet impingements ranged from 20,000 to 400,000 (0.5–10 s). The impact angle was 90°, 75°, 60°, 45°. The exposure longer than 3 s caused material removal. The exposure of 3 s or less caused surface roughening. The SEM observation of the roughened surface was supplemented by the roughness, and the kernel average misorientation analysis. Proposed segmentation delineates the non-uniformity of erosion and outlines the damage contours, which helps predict the location of material removal onset.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 102126"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}