World Journal of Diabetes最新文献

{"title":"Metabolic disorders in prediabetes: From mechanisms to therapeutic management.","authors":"Wen-Xin Ping, Shan Hu, Jing-Qian Su, Song-Ying Ouyang","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.361","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes, one of the world's top ten diseases, is known for its high mortality and complication rates and low cure rate. Prediabetes precedes the onset of diabetes, during which effective treatment can reduce diabetes risk. Prediabetes risk factors include high-calorie and high-fat diets, sedentary lifestyles, and stress. Consequences may include considerable damage to vital organs, including the retina, liver, and kidneys. Interventions for treating prediabetes include a healthy lifestyle diet and pharmacological treatments. However, while these options are effective in the short term, they may fail due to the difficulty of long-term implementation. Medications may also be used to treat prediabetes. This review examines prediabetic treatments, particularly metformin, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, vitamin D, and herbal medicines. Given the remarkable impact of prediabetes on the progression of diabetes mellitus, it is crucial to intervene promptly and effectively to regulate prediabetes. However, the current body of research on prediabetes is limited, and there is considerable confusion surrounding clinically relevant medications. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the pathogenesis of pre-diabetes mellitus and its associated therapeutic drugs. The ultimate goal is to facilitate the clinical utilization of medications and achieve efficient and timely control of diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140602322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roles of fibroblast growth factors in the treatment of diabetes.","authors":"Chun-Ye Zhang, Ming Yang","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.392","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes affects about 422 million people worldwide, causing 1.5 million deaths each year. However, the incidence of diabetes is increasing, including several types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes (5%-10% of diabetic cases) and type 2 diabetes (90%-95% of diabetic cases) are the main types of diabetes in the clinic. Accumulating evidence shows that the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family plays important roles in many metabolic disorders, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes. FGF consists of 23 family members (FGF-1-23) in humans. Here, we review current findings of FGFs in the treatment of diabetes and management of diabetic complications. Some FGFs (<i>e.g.,</i> FGF-15, FGF-19, and FGF-21) have been broadly investigated in preclinical studies for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes, and their therapeutic roles in diabetes are currently under investigation in clinical trials. Overall, the roles of FGFs in diabetes and diabetic complications are involved in numerous processes. First, FGF intervention can prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance and reduce the levels of fasting blood glucose and triglycerides by regulating lipolysis in adipose tissues and hepatic glucose production. Second, modulation of FGF expression can inhibit renal and cardiac fibrosis by regulating the expression of extracellular matrix components, promote diabetic wound healing process and bone repair, and inhibit cancer cell proliferation and migration. Finally, FGFs can regulate the activation of glucose-excited neurons and the expression of thermogenic genes.","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140586314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periodontitis: An often-neglected complication of diabetes.","authors":"Marina G Kudiyirickal, Joseph M Pappachan","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.318","url":null,"abstract":"The bidirectional association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and periodontitis is now well established, resulting in periodontal disease being considered as the 6^th major complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) after car-diovascular disease, eye disease, neuropathy, nephropathy, and peripheral vascular disease. DM can worsen the virulence and invasiveness of pathogenic oral microbial flora aggravating the local inflammation and infection in those with periodontal disease. On the other hand, the chemical and immunological mediators released into the circulation as part of periodontal inflammation worsen the systemic insulin resistance with worsening of T2DM. Periodontitis if undiagnosed or left untreated can also result in eventual tooth loss. A study by Xu <i>et al</i> in the <i>World Journal of Diabetes</i> examined the predictive factors associated with periodontitis in Chinese patients with T2DM. The prevalence of periodontitis was found to be 75.7% in this study. Based on logistic regression analysis, the predictive factors for higher risk were low tooth brushing frequency [odds ratio (OR) = 4.3], high triglycerides (TG; OR = 3.31), high total cholesterol (TC; OR = 2.87), higher glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c; OR = 2.55), and higher age (OR = 1.05) while higher education level was protective (OR = 0.53). However, the most influential variables were HbA1c followed by age, TC, TG, low education level, brushing frequency, and sex on the random forest model (this model showed higher sensitivity for predicting the risk). A good understanding of the predictors for periodontitis in T2DM patients is important in prevention, early detection of susceptible patients, and intervention to improve periodontal health and enable long-term glycaemic control as observed by Xu <i>et al</i>.","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140586323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system in type 1 diabetes in real-world clinical practice: One-year observational study.","authors":"Ahmed Eldib, Shilton Dhaver, Karim Kibaa, Astrid Atakov-Castillo, Tareq Salah, Marwa Al-Badri, Abdelrahman Khater, Ryan McCarragher, Omnia Elenani, Elena Toschi, Osama Hamdy","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.455","url":null,"abstract":"In 2016, the Food and Drug Administration approved the first hybrid closed-loop (HCL) insulin delivery system for adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). There is limited information on the impact of using HCL systems on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients with T1D in real-world clinical practice. In this independent study, we evaluated glycemic parameters and PROs over one year of continuous use of Medtronic's 670G HCL in real-world clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140586458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of vitamin family members on insulin resistance and diabetes complications.","authors":"Hong-Jin Chen, Min Wang, Ding-Min Zou, Gui-You Liang, Si-Yuan Yang","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.568","url":null,"abstract":"The following letter to the editor highlights the article \"Effects of vitamin D supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk factors for insulin resistance\" in <i>World J Diabetes</i> 2023 Oct 15; 14 (10): 1514-1523. It is necessary to explore the role of vitamin family members in insulin resistance and diabetes complications.","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140602428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists as a possible intervention to delay the onset of type 1 diabetes: A new horizon.","authors":"Mahmoud Nassar, Ajay Chaudhuri, Husam Ghanim, Paresh Dandona","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i2.133","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i2.133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune condition that destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to insulin deficiency and hyper-glycemia. The management of T1D primarily focuses on exogenous insulin replacement to control blood glucose levels. However, this approach does not address the underlying autoimmune process or prevent the progressive loss of beta cells. Recent research has explored the potential of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) as a novel intervention to modify the disease course and delay the onset of T1D. GLP-1RAs are medications initially developed for treating type 2 diabetes. They exert their effects by enhancing glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppressing glucagon secretion, and slowing gastric emptying. Emerging evidence suggests that GLP-1RAs may also benefit the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with T1D. This article aims to highlight the potential of GLP-1RAs as an intervention to delay the onset of T1D, possibly through their potential immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects and preservation of beta-cells. This article aims to explore the potential of shifting the paradigm of T1D management from reactive insulin replacement to proactive disease modification, which should open new avenues for preventing and treating T1D, improving the quality of life and long-term outcomes for individuals at risk of T1D.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"15 2","pages":"133-136"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10921167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140094895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the relationship between intracranial atherosclerotic plaque remodelling and diabetes using high-resolution vessel wall imaging.","authors":"Yong-Qian Mo, Hai-Yu Luo, Han-Wen Zhang, Yu-Feng Liu, Kan Deng, Xiao-Lei Liu, Biao Huang, Fan Lin","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i1.72","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i1.72","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intracranial atherosclerosis, a leading cause of stroke, involves arterial plaque formation. This study explores the link between plaque remodelling patterns and diabetes using high-resolution vessel wall imaging (HR-VWI).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the factors of intracranial atherosclerotic remodelling patterns and the relationship between intracranial atherosclerotic remodelling and diabetes mellitus using HR-VWI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety-four patients diagnosed with middle cerebral artery or basilar artery atherosclerosis were enrolled. Their basic clinical data were collected, and HR-VWI was performed. The vascular area at the plaque (VA_MLN) and normal reference vessel (VA_reference) were delineated and measured using image postprocessing software, and the Remodelling index (RI) was calculated. According to the value of the RI, the patients were divided into a positive remodelling (PR) group, intermediate remodelling (IR) group, negative remodelling (NR) group, PR group and non-PR (N-PR) group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PR group exhibited a higher prevalence of diabetes and serum cholesterol levels than the IR and NR groups [45.2%, 4.54 (4.16, 5.93) <i>vs</i> 25%, 4.80 ± 1.22 and 16.4%, 4.14 (3.53, 4.75), respectively, <i>P</i> < 0.05]. The diabetes incidence was also significantly greater in the PR group than in the N-PR group (45.2% <i>vs</i> 17.5%, <i>P</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, the PR group displayed elevated serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels compared to the N-PR group [1.64 (1.23, 2.33) and 4.54 (4.16, 5.93) <i>vs</i> 4.54 (4.16, 5.93) and 4.24 (3.53, 4.89), <i>P</i> < 0.05]. Logistic regression analysis revealed diabetes mellitus as an independent influencing factor in plaque-PR [odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 3.718 (1.207-11.454), <i>P</i> < 0.05].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HR-VWI can clearly show the morphology and signal characteristics of intracranial vascular walls and plaques. Intracranial atherosclerotic plaques in diabetic patients are more likely to show PR, suggesting poor plaque stability and a greater risk of stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"15 1","pages":"72-80"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10835492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139681821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic perspectives on childhood monogenic diabetes: Diagnosis, management, and future directions","authors":"Hong-Yan Sun, Xiao-Yan Lin","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v14.i12.1738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v14.i12.1738","url":null,"abstract":"Monogenic diabetes is caused by one or even more genetic variations, which may be uncommon yet have a significant influence and cause diabetes at an early age. Monogenic diabetes affects 1 to 5% of children, and early detection and gene-tically focused treatment of neonatal diabetes and maturity-onset diabetes of the young can significantly improve long-term health and well-being. The etiology of monogenic diabetes in childhood is primarily attributed to genetic variations affecting the regulatory genes responsible for beta-cell activity. In rare instances, mutations leading to severe insulin resistance can also result in the development of diabetes. Individuals diagnosed with specific types of monogenic diabetes, which are commonly found, can transition from insulin therapy to sulfonylureas, provided they maintain consistent regulation of their blood glucose levels. Scientists have successfully devised materials and methodologies to distinguish individuals with type 1 or 2 diabetes from those more prone to monogenic diabetes. Genetic screening with appropriate findings and interpretations is essential to establish a prognosis and to guide the choice of therapies and management of these interrelated ailments. This review aims to design a comprehensive literature summarizing genetic insights into monogenetic diabetes in children and adolescents as well as summarizing their diagnosis and mana-gement.","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"97 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138999380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depletion of gut microbiota facilitates fibroblast growth factor 21-mediated protection against acute pancreatitis in diabetic mice","authors":"Qi-Yan Sun, Xu-Ye Wang, Zu-Pin Huang, Jing Song, En-Dong Zheng, Fang-Hua Gong, Xiao-Wang Huang","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v14.i12.1824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v14.i12.1824","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000 Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21 ), primarily secreted by the pancreas, liver, and adipose tissues, plays a pivotal role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common inflammatory disease with specific clinical manifestations. Many patients with diabetes present with concurrent inflammatory symptoms. Diabetes exacerbates intestinal permeability and intestinal inflammation, thus leading to the progression to AP. Our previous study indicated that FGF21 significantly attenuated susceptibility to AP in mice.\u0000 AIM\u0000 To investigate the potential protective role of FGF21 against AP in diabetic mice.\u0000 METHODS\u0000 In the present study, a mouse model of AP was established in diabetic (db)/db diabetic mice through ceruletide injections. Thereafter, the protective effects of recombinant FGF21 protein against AP were evaluated, with an emphasis on examining serum amylase (AMS) levels and pancreatic and intestinal inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-), and intestinal IL-1β]. Additionally, the impact of this treatment on the histopathologic changes of the pancreas and small intestinal was examined to elucidate the role of FGF21 in diabetic mice with AP. An antibiotic (Abx) cocktail was administered in combination with FGF21 therapy to investigate whether the effect of FGF21 on AP in diabetic mice with AP was mediated through the modulation of the gut microbiota. Subsequently, the Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt), a bioinformatics software package, was used to predict different pathways between the groups and to explore the potential mechanisms by which the gut microbiota influenced the protective effect of FGF21 .\u0000 RESULTS\u0000 The results indicated that FGF21 notably diminished the levels of serum AMS (944.5 ± 15.9 vs 1732 ± 83.9, P &lt; 0.01) and inflammatory factors including IL-6 (0.2400 ± 0.55 vs 1.233 ± 0.053, P &lt; 0.01), TNF- (0.7067 ± 0.22 vs 1.433 ± 0.051, P &lt; 0.01), and IL-1β (1.377 ± 0.069 vs 0.3328 ± 0.02542, P &lt; 0.01) in diabetic mice with AP. Moreover, notable signs of recovery were observed in the pancreatic structure of the mice. The histologic evidence of inflammation in the small intestine, including edema and villous damage, was significantly alleviated. FGF21 also significantly altered the composition of the gut microbiota, reestablishing the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio. Upon treatment with an Abx cocktail to deplete the gut microbiota, the FGF21 + Abx group showed lower levels of serum AMS (0.9328 ± 0.075 vs 0.2249 ± 0.023, P &lt; 0.01) and inflammatory factors (1.083 ± 0.12 vs 0.2799 ± 0.032, p &lt; 0.01) than the FGF21 group. Furthermore, the FGF21 + Abx group exhibited diminished injury to the pancreatic and small intestinal tissues, accompanied by a significant decrease in blood glucose levels (17.50 ± 1.1 vs 9.817 ± 0.69 mmol/L, P &lt; 0.001). These findings underscored the superior protective effects of the ","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"47 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138995990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 10 caused by an Ala2Thr mutation of INS: A case report","authors":"Huan Chen, Si-Jia Fei, Mingqun Deng, Xin-Da Chen, Wei-Hao Wang, Li-Xin Guo, Qi Pan","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v14.i12.1877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v14.i12.1877","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000 Maturity-onset diabetes of the young 10 caused by the c.4G>A (p.Ala2Thr) mutation is extremely rare, with only two reported studies to date. Herein, we report another case that differs from previous cases in phenotype.\u0000 CASE SUMMARY\u0000 The proband developed diabetes at the age of 27 years, despite having a normal body mass index (BMI). She exhibited partial impairment of islet function, tested positive for islet antibodies, and required high doses of insulin. Her sister also carried the c.4G>A (p.Ala2Thr) mutation, and their mother was strongly suspected to carry the mutated gene. Her sister developed diabetes around 40 years of age and required high doses of insulin, while the mother was diagnosed in her 20s and was managed with oral hypoglycemic agents; neither of them were obese.\u0000 CONCLUSION\u0000 p.Ala2Thr mutation carriers often experience relatively later onset and normal BMI. Treatment regimens vary between individuals.","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138998256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}