World Journal of Diabetes最新文献

{"title":"Rising tide: The global surge of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents demands action now.","authors":"Joseph M Pappachan, Cornelius James Fernandez, Ambika P Ashraf","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i5.797","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i5.797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childhood-onset obesity has emerged as a major public healthcare challenge across the globe, fueled by an obesogenic environment and influenced by both genetic and epigenetic predispositions. This has led to an exponential rise in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. The looming wave of diabetes-related complications in early adulthood is anticipated to strain the healthcare budgets in most countries. Unless there is a collective global effort to curb the devastation caused by the situation, the impact is poised to be pro-found. A multifaceted research effort, governmental legislation, and effective social action are crucial in attaining this goal. This article delves into the current epidemiological landscape, explores evidence concerning potential risks and consequences, delves into the pathobiology of childhood obesity, and discusses the latest evidence-based management strategies for diabesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"15 5","pages":"797-809"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11099374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141064758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes: Insights into clinical efficacy, patient-reported outcomes, and adherence challenges.","authors":"Mahmoud Emad-Eldin, Gehan F Balata, Eman A Elshorbagy, Mona S Hamed, Mohamed S Attia","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i5.828","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i5.828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insulin therapy plays a crucial role in the management of type 2 diabetes as the disease progresses. Over the past century, insulin formulations have undergone significant modifications and bioengineering, resulting in a diverse range of available insulin products. These products show distinct pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. Consequently, various insulin regimens have em-erged for the management of type 2 diabetes, including premixed formulations and combinations of basal and bolus insulins. The utilization of different insulin regimens yields disparate clinical outcomes, adverse events, and, notably, patient-reported outcomes (PROs). PROs provide valuable insights from the patient's perspective, serving as a valuable mine of information for enhancing healthcare and informing clinical decisions. Adherence to insulin therapy, a critical patient-reported outcome, significantly affects clinical outcomes and is influenced by multiple factors. This review provides insights into the clinical effectiveness of various insulin preparations, PROs, and factors impacting insulin therapy adherence, with the aim of enhancing healthcare practices and informing clinical decisions for individuals with type 2 diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"15 5","pages":"828-852"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11099362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141064698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synaptotagmins family affect glucose transport in retinal pigment epithelial cells through their ubiquitination-mediated degradation and glucose transporter-1 regulation.","authors":"Hong Xu, Li-Bo Zhang, Yi-Yi Luo, Ling Wang, Ye-Pin Zhang, Pei-Qi Chen, Xue-Ying Ba, Jian Han, Heng Luo","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i5.958","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i5.958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Synaptotagmins (SYTs) are a family of 17 membrane transporters that function as calcium ion sensors during the release of Ca²⁺-dependent neurotransmitters and hormones. However, few studies have reported whether members of the SYT family play a role in glucose uptake in diabetic retinopathy (DR) through Ca²⁺/glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) and the possible regulatory mechanism of SYTs.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To elucidate the role of the SYT family in the regulation of glucose transport in retinal pigment epithelial cells and explore its potential as a therapeutic target for the clinical management of DR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DR was induced by streptozotocin in C57BL/6J mice and by high glucose medium in human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19). Bioinformatics analysis, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, flow cytometry, ELISA, HE staining, and TUNEL staining were used for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six differentially expressed proteins (SYT2, SYT3, SYT4, SYT7, SYT11, and SYT13) were found between the DR and control groups, and SYT4 was highly expressed. Hyperglycemia induces SYT4 overexpression, manipulates Ca²⁺ influx to induce GLUT1 fusion with the plasma membrane, promotes abnormal expression of the glucose transporter GLUT1 and excessive glucose uptake, induces ARPE-19 cell apoptosis, and promotes DR progression. Parkin deficiency inhibits the proteasomal degradation of SYT4 in DR, resulting in SYT4 accumulation and enhanced GLUT1 fusion with the plasma membrane, and these effects were blocked by oe-Parkin treatment. Moreover, dysregulation of the myelin transcription factor 1 (Myt1)-induced transcription of SYT4 in DR further activated the SYT4-mediated stimulus-secretion coupling process, and this process was inhibited in the oe-MYT1-treated group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study reveals the key role of SYT4 in regulating glucose transport in retinal pigment epithelial cells during the pathogenesis of DR and the underlying mechanism and suggests potential therapeutic targets for clinical DR.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"15 5","pages":"958-976"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11099358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141064964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardioprotective effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in heart failure: Myth or truth?","authors":"Lorenzo Nesti, Domenico Trico","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i5.818","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i5.818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Therapy with glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonists has raised great interest for its beneficial cardiovascular effects in preventing atherosclerosis and heart failure-related outcomes. However, while evidence about atherosclerosis consistently suggests a cardioprotective potential with class effect, controversies remain on its impact on heart failure. GLP1 receptor agonists appear to prevent hospitalization for new-onset heart failure and reduce symptoms in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (as demonstrated by the recent STEP-HFpEF Trial). Still, GLP1 agonism has resulted in neutral or even harmful effects in patients with established heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (the LIVE trial). GLP1 receptor agonists benefit the cardiovascular system indirectly through their marked metabolic effects (improved weight management, glycemic control, blood pressure, systemic and tissue inflammation), while direct effects on the heart have been questioned. Nonetheless, weight loss alone achieved through GLP1 receptor agonists has failed in improving left ventricular functions. Tirzepatide is a dual agonist of GLP1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, representing an innovative treatment option in diabetes with a major impact on weight loss and promising cardiovascular benefits. Whether this class of therapies is going to change the history of heart failure is an ongoing debate.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"15 5","pages":"818-822"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11099368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141066647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucokinase regulatory protein rs780094 polymorphism is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and nephropathy.","authors":"Ashraf Al Madhoun","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i5.814","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i5.814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this editorial, we comment on the article by Liu <i>et al</i> published in the recent issue of the <i>World Journal of Diabetes</i> (Relationship between GCKR gene rs780094 polymorphism and type 2 diabetes with albuminuria). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disorder characterized by dysregulated glucose homeostasis. The persistent elevated blood glucose level in T2DM significantly increases the risk of developing severe complications, including cardiovascular disease, re-tinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. T2DM arises from a complex interplay between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Global genomic studies have identified numerous genetic variations associated with an increased risk of T2DM. Specifically, variations within the glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR) gene have been linked to heightened susceptibility to T2DM and its associated complications. The clinical trial by Liu <i>et al</i> further elucidates the role of the GCKR rs780094 polymorphism in T2DM and nephropathy development. Their findings demonstrate that individuals carrying the CT or TT genotype at the GCKR rs780094 locus are at a higher risk of developing T2DM with albuminuria compared to those with the CC genotype. These findings highlight the importance of genetic testing and risk assessment in T2DM to develop effective preventive strategies and personalized treatment plans.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"15 5","pages":"814-817"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11099372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141064602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparate outcomes in Hispanic patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease/steatohepatitis and type 2 diabetes: Large cohort study.","authors":"Joseph Matthew Gosnell, George Golovko, Esteban Arroyave, Akshata Moghe, Michael L Kueht, Omar Abdul Saldarriaga, Kevin H McKinney, Heather L Stevenson, Monique R Ferguson","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i5.886","DOIUrl":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i5.886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) are a growing health burden across a significant portion of the global patient population. However, these conditions seem to have disparate rates and outcomes between different ethnic populations. The combination of MASLD/MASH and type 2 diabetes increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and Hispanic patients experience the greatest burden, particularly those in South Texas.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare outcomes between Hispanic and non-Hispanic patients in the United States, while further focusing on the Hispanic population within Southeast Texas to determine whether the documented disparity in outcomes is a function of geographical circumstance or if there is a more widespread reason that all clinicians must account for in prognostic consideration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cohort analysis was conducted with data obtained from TriNetX, LLC (\"TriNetX\"), a global federated health research network that provides access to deidentified medical records from healthcare organizations worldwide. Two cohort networks were used: University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) hospital and the United States national database collective to determine whether disparities were related to geographic regions, like Southeast Texas.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study findings revealed Hispanics/Latinos have a statistically significant higher occurrence of HCC, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and liver fibrosis/cirrhosis in both the United States and the UTMB Hispanic/Latino groups. All-cause mortality in Hispanics/Latinos was lower within the United States group and not statistically elevated in the UTMB cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This would appear to support that Hispanic patients in Southeast Texas are not uniquely affected compared to the national Hispanic population.</p>","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"15 5","pages":"886-897"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11099377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141064345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index, bone mineral density and body composition in type 2 diabetes patients.","authors":"Xiao-Xiao Zhu, Kai-Feng Yao, Hai-Yan Huang, Li-Hua Wang","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.403","url":null,"abstract":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a fast-growing issue in public health, is one of the most common chronic metabolic disorders in older individuals. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are highly prevalent in T2DM patients and may result in fractures and disabilities. In people with T2DM, the association between nutrition, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis has rarely been explored.","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"148 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140602429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory role of peroxynitrite in advanced glycation end products mediated diabetic cardiovascular complications.","authors":"Asis Bala","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.572","url":null,"abstract":"The Advanced Glycation End Products (AGE) binding with its receptor can increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through specific signaling mediators. The effect of superoxide (O₂^-) and O₂^- mediated ROS and reactive nitrogen species depends on their concentration and location of formation. Nitric oxide (NO) has anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant properties and a vasodilation effect, but NO can be deactivated by reacting with O₂^-. This reaction between NO and O₂^- produces the potent oxidant ONOO^-. Therefore, ONOO-'s regulatory role in AGEs in diabetic cardiovascular complications must considered as a regulator of cardiovascular complications in diabetes.","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140586315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonists and the management of type 2 diabetes-backwards and forwards.","authors":"Michael Horowitz, Lu Cai, Md Shahidul Islam","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.326","url":null,"abstract":"This editorial is stimulated by the article by Alqifari <i>et al</i> published in the <i>World Journal of Diabetes</i> (2024). Alqifari <i>et al</i> focus on practical advice for the clinical use of glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in the management of type 2 diabetes and this editorial provides complementary information. We initially give a brief historical perspective of the development of GLP-1RAs stimulated by recognition of the 'incretin effect', the substantially greater insulin increase to enteral when compared to euglycaemic intravenous glucose, and the identification of the incretin hormones, GIP and GLP-1. In addition to stimulating insulin, GLP-1 reduces postprandial glucose levels by slowing gastric emptying. GLP-1RAs were developed because native GLP-1 has a very short plasma half-life. The majority of current GLP-1RAs are administered by subcutaneous injection once a week. They are potent in glucose lowering without leading to hypoglycaemia, stimulate weight loss in obese individuals and lead to cardiovascular and renal protection. The landscape in relation to GLP-1RAs is broadening rapidly, with different formulations and their combination with other peptides to facilitate both glucose lowering and weight loss. There is a need for more information relating to the effects of GLP-1RAs to induce gastrointestinal symptoms and slow gastric emptying which is likely to allow their use to become more effective and personalised.","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140586318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative efficacy of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A real-world experience.","authors":"Lubna Islam, Dhanya Jose, Mohammed Alkhalifah, Dania Blaibel, Vishnu Chandrabalan, Joseph M Pappachan","doi":"10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.463","url":null,"abstract":"Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) are a class of drugs with modest antidiabetic efficacy, weight loss effect, and cardiovascular benefits as proven by multiple randomised controlled trials (RCTs). However, real-world data on the comparative efficacy and safety of individual SGLT-2i medications is sparse.","PeriodicalId":48607,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Diabetes","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140586462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}