Journal of Insects as Food and Feed最新文献

{"title":"Nutrient profiles and browning control of wasp larvae","authors":"K. Wang, H. Zhu, X. Chen, J. Qiao, G. Huang, E. Haubruge, J. Dong, H. Zhang","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20230136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20230136","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Entomophagy, the practice of consuming insects, has long been recognized as a sustainable and renewable source of food. This study aimed at assessing the nutritional value of three species of wasp larvae (Provespa barthelemyi, Vespa mandarinia, and V. velutina) and explore effective strategies to address enzymatic browning during processing. The study reveals that wasp larvae exhibit considerable potential as a dietary resource, primarily due to their high protein content, more than 50% of the total dry matter. Remarkably, the presence of vitamin B2 in wasp larvae was unexpectedly high, with an average concentration of 2.20 mg/100 g. Additionally, enzymatic browning process in wasp larvae is closely associated with phenol oxidase (PO) activity. The simultaneous treatment of ascorbic acid at a concentration of 0.2% (w/v) and high hydrostatic pressure at 300 MPa significantly inhibited PO activity. Notably, the combined treatment exhibited a certain degree of efficacy in retaining the taste and texture of the larvae. To the best of our knowledge, this study pioneers the novel combined treatment aimed at mitigating browning in wasp larvae. Overall, our research reveals that wasp larvae boast a wealth of nutritional components, rendering them as a new resource food. Our research also provides an innovative approach for wasp processing.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141337867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects of using insects as alternative protein sources in broiler diets","authors":"H.N. Lee, G.L. Yeom, Y.B. Kim, K. H. Yum, J.Y. Park, W.T. Lee, H.S. Seo, S.Y. Lee, J.H. Kim","doi":"10.1163/23524588-00001140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-00001140","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Insects are garnering attention as promising protein sources for broiler diets, presenting nutritional and environmental benefits comparable to plant-based protein sources. Various insects have been explored as broiler feed ingredients, including mealworm (Tenebrio molitor and Zophobas morio), cricket (Gryllidae), grasshopper (Acrididae), black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens), silkworm pupae (Lepidoptera), bloodworm (Chironomidae), and housefly maggot (Musca domestica Linnaeus). We reviewed the literature involving these insects to assess their impact on broiler diets. Previous research has indicated that supplementing broiler diets with mealworm larvae meal (0.3 to 1.0% inclusion level) improved growth performance. Black soldier fly larvae meal (2.0 to 5.0% inclusion level) can replace protein sources. Similarly, dietary supplementation with silkworm pupae meal (1.5 to 5.0% inclusion level) can also replace protein sources, while including dietary supplementation with housefly maggot meal (1.6 to 4.0% inclusion level) enhanced growth performance in broiler chickens. However, few studies have focused on the effects of dried crickets, dried grasshoppers, and bloodworm supplementation on broiler performance and health. Despite the limitation that insects are more expensive compared to soybean meal or fishmeal, the short breeding period and the high nutritional content of insects make their use in broiler diets generally promising. Our meta-analysis of 28 studies on black soldier fly larvae supplementation found that it significantly decreased average daily feed intake and increased average daily gain with an optimal level of 15.3% determined through quadratic regression analysis. In conclusion, supplementing broiler diets with different insects has potential as a strategy to enhance the growth performance of broiler chickens without compromising overall health.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141343750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth, nutrient uptake, blood metabolites and bone properties in broilers consuming feed with mineral-enriched whole black soldier fly larvae","authors":"M. M. Seyedalmoosavi, G. Daş, M. Mielenz, S. Maak, P. Wolf, C. C. Metges","doi":"10.1163/23524588-00001208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-00001208","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The recycling of minerals is crucial for the future circular agriculture. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) can accumulate minerals in their body. This study investigated the effects of adding mineral-enriched BSFL, grown on substrates containing sewage sludge recyclates (SSR), to broiler feed to reintroduce minerals from waste streams currently subject to regulatory restrictions back into the nutrient cycle. Feed, nutrient, mineral and heavy metal intake, growth, blood metabolites and immunoglobulins, bone characteristics and mineral status of broilers were studied in response to different mineral-enriched BSFL supplements. Eighty newly-hatched mixed-sex Ross 308 chicks were divided into four groups, with six replicate pens per group. BSFL used in the broiler experiment were grown either on a modified Gainesville fly diet (FD) (L-FD) or on FD supplemented with 4% of sewage sludge biochar (L-BCH), or on the FD supplemented with Single Superphosphate (SSP) SSR (L-SSP). All broilers were fed age-specific diets and either had no access to BSFL (CON) or received 15% of CON birds’ feed intake as defrosted BSFL from three different sources. Inclusion of 15% of mineral-enriched whole BSFL in broiler rations had no adverse effects on growth performance parameters, nutrient intakes, nutrient conversion efficiency, plasma metabolites and immunoglobulins (). Birds in BSFL supply groups had higher serum Ca concentrations than CON birds (). L-BCH supplied birds had a lower serum P than CON birds (). Tibial characteristics and mineral status of birds were not affected by larvae supply (). Heavy metal intake (manganese, iron, zinc, copper, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury) of the birds was not affected by dietary treatments (). In conclusion, 15% of mineral-enriched-BSFL reared on SSP can be included in broiler diets for 42 experimental days without adverse effects on nutrient intakes, growth performance parameters and bone condition.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141344468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attenuated-total-reflection Fourier-transformed spectroscopy as a rapid tool to reveal the molecular structure of insect powders as ingredients for animal feeds","authors":"K. Robertson, J. Ortuño, A. Stratakos, S. Stergiadis, K. Theodoridou","doi":"10.1163/23524588-00001092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-00001092","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Unsustainable agriculture contributes to disastrous global effects – insect-based feed shows potential due to their sustainable, nutritional, and waste upcycling properties. Current EU legislation restricts insect-based meals to fish, pork, and poultry feed; but the near-future shows a great potential for wider acceptance in livestock feed. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), mealworm (MW), field cricket (FC), and banded cricket (BC) were sourced within three consecutive weeks – each batch was prepared, freeze-dried, then milled, and stored at −20 °C. Chemical composition of whole-insect meals was analysed for ether extract (EE), crude ash, and nitrogenic contents using standard wet chemistry protocols. Monogastric in vitro digestibility was determined through replicating gastric and full intestinal digestion; during this, R-amino acid content was determined through protein hydrolysis kinetics. Additionally, ATR-FTIR was used for molecular analysis, including identification of nutrient-associated functional spectral bands – structural differences were compared through principal component analysis. Insect-based ATR-FTIR analysis demonstrates notable differences in Amide regions, suggesting distinct protein secondary structures, but overall, FC and BC contain the highest crude protein (CP) levels. The lowest CP content was in BSFL; however, BSFL contained the highest ash content – likely consequence of high calcium. Dry matter (DM) yielded lowest in the crickets (FC-28.6; BC-26.9 g/100 g), and highest in MW-38.5 g/100 g; the sum of CP + EE in MW represented >80% DM, but with higher EE contents-CP: EE = 2.45. Data shows greater chitin content in crickets than BSFL + MW. Crickets showed greater neutral detergent fibre (NDF) than BSFL + MW; however, acid-detergent fibre (ADF) was similar among all species, suggesting NDF may include amalgams of interlinked nutrients released by acid digestion. This first study shows for the first time evidence that rearing conditions and substrates influences molecular structure. Exponential solubilisation was observed during pepsin + pancreatin digestion for all, but BSFL exhibited the highest degree-of-hydrolysis during the pancreatin phase, surpassing others. Analysis indicates protein hydrolysis differences are linked to trypsin activity susceptibility.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141353156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction effects of substrate fermentation and larval density on black soldier fly life-history traits","authors":"L.O. Opare, S. Holm, T. Esperk","doi":"10.1163/23524588-00001188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-00001188","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Agricultural by-products can serve as an excellent food source for edible insects, but their high-fibre properties can present challenges. One solution to this is fermentation, which can enhance their nutritional value by breaking down the fibre. However, little research has been conducted on how this method interacts with other environmental factors in insect rearing. To address this gap, our study aimed to investigate the impact of substrate fermentation and larval density on black soldier fly (BSF) larvae. We compared fermented substrates (fermented spent grain and additionally fermented ensiled grass) with standard fibrous substrates (spent grain and ensiled grass) and applied two larval density treatments (high and low). Our findings revealed that prepupal mass was significantly greater in fermented substrates than in standard fibrous substrates, with variations dependent on the substrate and larval density treatments. Larval density significantly influenced prepupal mass only in the fermented spent grain treatment. Substrate type influenced development time, with fermented spent grain resulting in a shorter development time than ensiled grass. However, substrate fermentation and larval density did not affect development time. Substrate fermentation only increased larval survival when individuals were reared on spent grain at high larval density. There were no significant differences in survival between fermented and standard substrates in other substrate and larval density combinations. Our study demonstrates that fermentation could serve as a way to amend fibrous substrates, making them suitable for rearing BSF larvae; however, its effects depend on environmental factors such as larval density.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141354090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insects to Feed the World","authors":"AG Bühler","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20241013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20241013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141359760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity, transfer and metabolization of the pyrethroid insecticides cypermethrin and deltamethrin by reared black soldier fly larvae","authors":"N. Meijer, L. Zoet, D. Rijkers, R. Nijssen, M. Willemsen, P. Zomer, H. van der Fels-Klerx","doi":"10.1163/23524588-00001167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-00001167","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Reared insects such as black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) are considered a potential alternative feed protein. However, dietary exposure to insecticide residues via the substrate could adversely affect performance indicators (yield/survival) and substance-transfer from substrate to larval biomass could result in non-compliance with low legal limits. Effects of pyrethroid insecticides cypermethrin and deltamethrin were tested at varying concentrations, with or without the synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO). Concentration/response curves for yield were estimated and samples were analysed to determine concentrations of parent compounds and selected metabolites. Results suggest that deltamethrin is highly toxic to H. illucens larvae: the critical effect dose for 10% yield loss was estimated to be 0.04 mg/kg, compared to a legal limit in wheat of 2.0 mg/kg. Cypermethrin was comparatively less toxic, in line with prior studies, but may also cause significant adverse effects even for exposure levels below the legal limit – especially when combined with PBO. For both substances, transfer from substrate to larvae is a potential issue due to low limits, and transfer as well as toxicity are increased by presence of PBO. Some metabolites could be detected, but more research is needed to determine resistance mechanisms involved.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141375770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Edible cockroaches as food and feed – A systematic review on health benefits, nutritional aspects and consumer acceptance","authors":"S. Siddiqui, M.C.I. Hadus, A. Fitriani, V. Guleria, S. Kuppusamy, B. Bhattacharjee, B. Yudhistira, A. Maggiolino","doi":"10.1163/23524588-00001138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-00001138","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Cockroaches have been the subject of scientific investigation due of their potential as a protein source. While cockroaches are commonly associated with a repulsive image and can pose as pests in residential environments, several kinds of cockroaches have been classified as edible. There are several commonly encountered species of cockroaches, including Periplaneta americana Linnaeus, 1758, Periplaneta australasiae Fabricius, 1775, Blaberus craniifer Burmeister, 1838, Blatta orientalis Linnaeus, 1758, Neostylopyga rhombifolia Stoll, 1813, and Periplaneta fuliginosa Serville, 1839. While there is not universal acceptance of cockroaches as a food source, a significant number of individuals from many countries have developed a cultural practice of consuming them. The nations encompassed within this group are Vietnam, Thailand, and Mexico. The utilization of cockroach as a potential protein substitute is linked to its substantial nutritional composition, particularly its high protein and amino acid content. This paper offers a detailed overview of cockroaches, encompassing their characteristics, nutritional composition, bioactive properties, the utilization of cockroaches as a food source, processed food derived from cockroaches, their cultivation, and potential adverse effects associated with the consumption of cockroaches. This publication is anticipated to serve as a valuable reference for comprehending the utilization of cockroaches as a constituent in food. \u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141100219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dried crickets (Gryllus sigillatus) or black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal for broiler chickens: nutrient composition and digestibility","authors":"H. J. Fisher, J.L. MacIsaac, B. Mason, B.R. Rathgeber, S. Colombo, M. Empey, S. A. Collins","doi":"10.1163/23524588-00001160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-00001160","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study explores the potential of cricket meal and black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) as alternative protein sources in broiler chicken diets. With the use of the substitution method, using diatomaceous earth as an external marker, we investigated the nutrient availability and apparent metabilizeable energy content of oven-dried full-fat cricket meal (OD-CM), freeze-dried full-fat cricket meal (FD-CM), and defatted BSFLM in a feeding trial involving 320 Ross 308 broilers housed in 32 pens (8 replicates / treatment; 8 birds / pen). Feed intake, daily weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were measured between days 15 and 21. Excreta collected on days 19, 20, and 21 were analyzed for nutrient content. Both cricket treatments were high in crude protein. Additionally, FD-CM demonstrated the highest fat content, surpassing OD-CM. OD-CM displayed a significantly higher apparent digestibility coefficient for crude protein compared to BSFLM (). FD-CM had the highest apparent digestibility coefficient for gross energy (). The nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy of OD-CM and FD-CM were significantly higher than that of BSFLM (). Furthermore, OD-CM exhibited a significantly higher available crude protein content compared to BSFLM and FD-CM (). This research sheds light on the potential of OD-CM and FD-CM as valuable alternative protein sources for broiler chickens, providing critical insights for the poultry industry’s sustainable future. This research is important as the apparent digestibility coefficients, as well as available nutrients calculated for the three ingredients may be used to accurately formulate poultry diets on an available nutrient basis.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141104068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New volvovirus isolate from Thai domesticated house cricket, Acheta domesticus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)","authors":"S. Homchan, Y.M. Gupta","doi":"10.1163/23524588-00001217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-00001217","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study investigated the genomic characteristics of Acheta domesticus volvovirus (AdVVV) in a commercial cricket farming operation. BLAST analysis of the Acheta domesticus genome assembly identified sequences with high similarity to the AdVVV-Japan genome, suggesting AdVVV presence. PCR confirmed AdVVV infection in the A. domesticus breeding population from Nakhon Ratchasima farm, Thailand. The complete 2,516 nucleotide AdVVV-Thailand genome was reconstructed through targeted primer amplification and sequencing. It contained four open reading frames encoding hypothetical proteins, with a characteristic hairpin structure at the termini, consistent with other AdVVV isolates. Phylogenetic analysis revealed AdVVV-Thailand’s closer genetic affiliation with AdVVV-Japan compared to other isolates. Comparative analysis of coding sequences across five AdVVV isolates showed the highest variability in the hypothetical protein/putative capsid protein ORF1, with 64 variable sites out of 1086 bases, suggesting its significance in genetic diversity. In contrast, ORF2, ORF3, and ORF4 exhibited minimal variability. The majority of variations were singletons, with 85.33% confined to ORF1. This study confirmed AdVVV presence in a commercial cricket farm, reconstructed the AdVVV-Thailand genome, provided insights into its phylogeny and genetic diversity across isolates, highlighting the putative capsid protein’s role in driving variability. These findings enhance understanding of AdVVV genomics and evolutionary dynamics within cricket populations.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141107096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}