Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series B: Biomedical Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of the Structure of Salivary Lipids by FTIR Spectroscopy in Mammary Gland Pathologies","authors":"E. A. Sarf,&nbsp;D. V. Solomatin,&nbsp;L. V. Bel’skaya","doi":"10.1134/S1990750825601043","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1990750825601043","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An analysis of saliva lipid extracts using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed in breast cancer, fibroadenomas, and healthy controls. A general decrease in the absorption band intensities of salivary lipids was demonstrated, along with changes in their structure in terms of the ratio of unbranched to branched lipid molecules. Significant factors influencing changes in the salivary lipid profile were found to be HER2 receptor expression and the breast cancer phenotype. The greatest differences from other subtypes were demonstrated for non-luminal breast cancer. Overall, changes in lipid metabolism in breast cancer, especially in the most aggressive subtypes, require further study, as they involve numerous potential therapeutic targets that could improve disease treatment, and therefore overall patient survival and quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":485,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series B: Biomedical Chemistry","volume":"19 “Lipids","pages":"S24 - S33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147865620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Formation and Fusion of Tissue Spheroids","authors":"M. E. Lugovoi,&nbsp;E. G. Glinskaya,&nbsp;A. A. Voznyuk,&nbsp;E. V. Koudan","doi":"10.1134/S1990750825601146","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1990750825601146","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tissue spheroids, which are three-dimensional cellular aggregates, represent a powerful tool in biomedical research and tissue engineering. This review summarizes contemporary methods of spheroid biofabrication, including the hanging drop technique, use of nonadhesive surfaces, microfluidic systems, bioreactors, magnetic and acoustic levitation, chemical inducers of aggregation, and hydrogel matrices. Their advantages, limitations, and applications are discussed in detail. Special attention is paid to the process of spheroid fusion as a key step in the creation of larger tissue constructs as well as to methods for the quantitative assessment of its kinetics. The core of the review is an analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying spheroid formation and fusion. The key roles of cell adhesion molecules—such as E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and integrins—cytoskeletal elements (actin microfilaments and microtubules), signaling pathways (Wnt/β-catenin), and extracellular matrix components (collagen, fibronectin, laminin) are described. Current understanding of cell self-organization processes and the prospects for using spheroids to create functional tissue models and constructs in regenerative medicine and oncology research are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":485,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series B: Biomedical Chemistry","volume":"19 “Lipids","pages":"S34 - S48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147865617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Biochemical Associations of Lipoprotein(a) with Markers of Cardiovascular Risk in Conditionally Healthy Residents of Karelia","authors":"T. A. Mirskaya,&nbsp;V. V. Rodionova,&nbsp;L. A. Lysenko","doi":"10.1134/S1990750825601237","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1990750825601237","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study is the first to investigate the biochemical interrelationships of circulating lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) with markers of dyslipidemia (apoB, non-HDL-C), systemic inflammation (hs-CRP), and the lipid metabolism regulator PCSK9 in a sample of conditionally healthy residents of the Republic of Karelia (<i>n</i> = 213, aged 40–59). Lp(a) levels were measured using immunoturbidimetry. An elevated Lp(a) level (&gt;30 mg/dL) was found in 17.35% of the examined individuals. Lp(a) concentration did not differ between age groups (40–49 and 50–59 years) or between men and women, supporting its genetic determination. Correlation analysis revealed that significant positive associations of Lp(a) with atherogenic lipids (apoB, non-HDL-C, total cholesterol) and the TyG index were primarily characteristic of women. The strongest association in women was with apoB (ρ = 0.218; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). No significant correlations between Lp(a) and the studied biochemical parameters were found in the male subgroup, a finding likely attributable to the small sample size. Weak but significant correlations of Lp(a) with markers of inflammation (hs-CRP, ρ = 0.232; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and the lipid metabolism regulator PCSK9 (ρ = 0.177; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) were also detected in women. Linear regression models showed that the variability of Lp(a) levels is only minimally explained (<i>R</i>² = 0.048–0.134) by these biochemical parameters, underscoring the dominant role of genetic factors. The obtained data, consistent with the current understanding of the role of oxidized phospholipids and low-grade inflammation in the atherogenicity of Lp(a), emphasize the importance of its measurement in regional populations and suggest that its elevated level in women may serve as an indicator of an overall unfavorable biological context, including dyslipidemia and inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":485,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series B: Biomedical Chemistry","volume":"19 “Lipids","pages":"S2 - S9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147865616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diethanolammonium Salts of Fatty Acids Enhance the Solubilization and Antitumor Activity of Palmitoyl and Stearoyl Diethanolamides In Vitro","authors":"T. I. Terpinskaya,&nbsp;A. L. Mikhalchuk","doi":"10.1134/S1990750825601055","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1990750825601055","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fatty acid ethanolamides exhibit a variety of biological effects. Recently, it has been shown that diethanolamides of palmitic and stearic acids are capable of suppressing the growth of tumor cells. At the same time, these substances are characterized by low solubility in aqueous environments, which necessitates the search for ways to increase their solubility and biological activity. One approach to solving this problem could be the use of analogues of natural metabolites of fatty acid ethanolamides as solubilizers: diethanolammonium salts of fatty acids, which are ionogenic surfactants. The aim of this work is to study the effect of diethanolammonium salts of fatty acids on the solubilization and antitumor effects of palmitoyl and stearoyl diethanolamides. In experiments in vitro, palmitoyl and stearoyl diethanolamides have been shown to inhibit cell growth of C6 and HeLa glioma tumor lines. Diethanolammonium salts of caprylic, capric, lauric, palmitic, and stearic acids have a weak effect on cell growth; however, at the same time, they enhance the inhibitory effect of palmitoyldiethanolamide by 1.1–10.9 times and stearoyldiethanolamide by 1.1–8.3 times. The severity of the inhibitory effects of palmitoyl and stearoyl diethanolamides and their compositions with diethanolammonium salts of fatty acids depends on the dose of the drugs and the cell type. In relation to normal rat brain cells, the effects of the drugs are manifested to a lesser extent compared to the effects on rat C6 glioma tumor cells. In general, the ability of diethanolammonium salts of fatty acids to promote solubilization and enhance the antitumor efficacy of diethanolamides of palmitic and stearic acids has been demonstrated in vitro.</p>","PeriodicalId":485,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series B: Biomedical Chemistry","volume":"19 “Lipids","pages":"S10 - S23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147865615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Determination of Inorganic Cations and Low-Molecular-Mass Anions in Serum by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis","authors":"E. V. Polyakova,&nbsp;K. N. Narozhnykh,&nbsp;G. S. Soldatova,&nbsp;S. E. Romanova,&nbsp;T. V. Skiba","doi":"10.1134/S1990750825600955","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1990750825600955","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was employed to quantify major cations (K⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺) and anions (Cl⁻, <span>({text{SO}}_{4}^{{2 - }})</span>, <span>({text{PO}}_{4}^{{3 - }})</span>, lactate, citrate) in blood serum samples obtained from 40 healthy donors aged from 20 to 85 years. Ammonium concentration (µmol/L) was additionally measured in capillary blood, as this cation was not reliably detectable in deproteinized serum using CZE due to its methodological limitations. Statistical analysis revealed sex-based differences only for ammonium (<i>p</i> = 0.001), with higher levels observed in men compared to women (median 97.5 µmol/L vs. 89 µmol/L, respectively). Statistically significant age-related differences were observed for phosphate (<i>p</i> = 0.04), ionized calcium (<i>p</i> = 0.008), as well as Na/K (<i>p</i> = 0.01) and Mg/Ca (<i>p</i> = 0.003) ratios. Ionized calcium levels in older donors (65–85 years) were lower than in younger groups and fell below reference ranges. Lactate concentrations in young and middle-aged donors slightly exceeded literature reference values. This study established reference intervals in blood serum for all the analytes studied, including sulfate and citrate ions, for which there is almost no information in the literature about the normal concentrations of these ions. Correlation analysis revealed statistically significant positive correlations between chloride and lactate, potassium and sodium, chloride and sulfate, and magnesium and ionized calcium in serum (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). These results support the applicability of CZE for ion determination in blood serum and provide valuable reference data for clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":485,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series B: Biomedical Chemistry","volume":"19 “Lipids","pages":"S49 - S67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147865618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substance Addiction Development: The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis Role","authors":"G. Chaves-Jiménez,&nbsp;C. Baltodano-Rodas,&nbsp;J. I. Morales-Vargas,&nbsp;A. Ortiz-Quesada,&nbsp;J. Pereira-Brenes","doi":"10.1134/S1990750824601279","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1990750824601279","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gut microbiota can influence the central nervous system through the transport of microbial metabolites by the microbiota−gut−brain axis. These metabolites like short chain fatty acids and amino acids, as well as enzymes encoded by microbiota species, can alter neurotransmitters production. This likely contributes to disorders like addiction, which are developed due to changes in brain neurochemistry caused by imbalances in neurotransmitter levels as a result of substance abuse. The long-term destabilization of these systems generates an allostatic state where substance consumption is needed to maintain the altered levels of neurotransmitters and avoid withdrawal symptoms. In addition, drug-induced dysbiosis decreases the diversity of beneficial bacteria and promotes the growth of harmful bacteria in the gut. Thus, impairing intestinal barrier function and serum metabolite levels. The influence dysbiosis has on metabolite production negatively impacts neurotransmitter pathways, worsening physical and psychological symptoms of withdrawal and likely contributing to the development of addiction.</p>","PeriodicalId":485,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series B: Biomedical Chemistry","volume":"19 4","pages":"327 - 335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147335758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase in Cancer Cells","authors":"L. A. Gavriliuk","doi":"10.1134/S1990750824601371","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1990750824601371","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The nonessential amino acids serine and glycine play an important role in the human organism. They are necessary for the synthesis of proteins and peptides, nucleic acids and lipids, and for maintaining the antioxidant status of the cells. The organism’s need for these amino acids is met by their intake with food or by &lt;i&gt;de novo&lt;/i&gt; synthesis intracellularly using glycolysis metabolites. Oncological transformation of cells causes increased proliferation and growth of tumor cells. To survive under stress, cancer cells need additional amounts of Ser and Gly, which leads to activation of their &lt;i&gt;de novo&lt;/i&gt; synthesis. Metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells is recognized as a hallmark of tumor cells and plays a critical role in cell proliferation and survival. Amino acids are essential for cancer cells not only as nutrients but also as signaling molecules that can regulate gene expression and promote epigenetic modification. A key metabolic pathway influencing the epigenetic state of cancer cells is one-carbon metabolism, which includes the folate and methionine cycles. The interrelation of these cycles generates S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a universal methyl donor required for DNA and histone methylation. The one-carbon units required for nucleotide synthesis are generated in a reaction catalyzed by cytosolic (SHMT1) and mitochondrial (SHMT2) serine hydroxymethyltransferases. Although SHMT1 and SHMT2 catalyze the same biochemical reactions, they play different biological roles in tumors. In most tumors, &lt;i&gt;SHMT1&lt;/i&gt; gene expression is decreased, while &lt;i&gt;SHMT2&lt;/i&gt; gene expression is increased. In various tumors, one-carbon units are recycled in Ser/Gly biosynthesis, which is accompanied by higher expression of the gene for the key enzyme of mitochondrial Gly synthesis, SHMT2. This enzyme catalyzes the reaction of formation of Gly and tetrahydrofolate-related one-carbon unit from Ser, supporting purine and thymidine synthesis and promoting tumor growth. The pro-oncogenic role of SHMT2 has been established, which is necessary for the survival of cancer cells and tumor growth in vivo with a poor prognosis for the patient. To maintain a high level of SHMT2 activity, increased expression of the &lt;i&gt;SHMT2&lt;/i&gt; gene is necessary, which is facilitated by complex regulatory mechanisms in tumor cells. &lt;i&gt;SHMT2&lt;/i&gt; expression can be regulated by methylation, acetylation, succinylation, phosphorylation, and lactylation. In addition, SHMT2 activity can be regulated by transcription factors, post-translational modification, or microRNA. SHMT2 depletion induces apoptosis by activating autophagy through metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells. The search for drugs that can target these enzymes is relevant for oncology. Therefore, studying the mechanisms of regulation of the activity of these key enzymes in cancer cells is of great importance. The review considers some mechanisms of regulation of the activity of these enzyme markers in cancer cells and the role o","PeriodicalId":485,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series B: Biomedical Chemistry","volume":"19 4","pages":"336 - 351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147335760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dacarbazine Increases Melanoma BRO Cell Adhesion to the Extracellular Matrix Components","authors":"A. R. Esimbekova,&nbsp;E. Yu. Sergeeva,&nbsp;T. G. Ruksha","doi":"10.1134/S1990750825600840","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1990750825600840","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Melanoma is one of the most dangerous malignant tumors. The number of melanoma cases is increasing especially in light skinned individuals. Fast metastasis development can play an important role in in the ineffectiveness of antitumor therapy and be a main reason of poor prognosis for patients with melanoma. Signals associated with extracellular matrix play an important role in metastasis formation. Dacarbazine is used for melanoma monotherapy, but the effectivity is less than 5% in patients with metastatic melanoma. The aim of this work is to assess the alterations in expression levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) components and associated factors after dacarbazine treatment. The authors found that dacarbazine treatment increased the expression levels of such ECM components as collagen type IV, fibronectin, laminin, and vitronectin, whereas tenascin expression level was decreased. In addition, expression levels of <i>HIPK1</i> and <i>RBL1</i> were also increased, while expression level of integrin <i>ITGB8</i> decreased. These alterations are supposed to be connected with epigenic regulation of gene expression by alkylating agent dacarbazine and associated with the promotion of cancer progression and metastasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":485,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series B: Biomedical Chemistry","volume":"19 4","pages":"403 - 408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147335757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiling Unique Proteins in Stable COPD: Uncovering Novel Biomarker Candidates and Pathophysiological Mechanisms","authors":"Sonu Das,&nbsp;Supriya Adiody,&nbsp;Jinsu Varghese,&nbsp;Mathew John","doi":"10.1134/S1990750825600621","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1990750825600621","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory disorder. Despite the high morbidity and mortality associated with COPD, underdiagnosis rates for the disease phenotypes remain as high as 70%. While previous studies have prioritized their focus on exacerbation COPD due to its acute clinical impact and substantial disease burden, research on the stable COPD phenotype remains limited, despite its high prevalence in outpatient settings. The present study employed a comprehensive proteomic/bioinformatics approach to identify unique proteins differentially expressed in the stable COPD phenotype and explored their functional significance. The biomarker potential of these proteins was further evaluated using in silico analysis. Our study identified three DEPs—leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR), properdin and olfactory receptor 10A7 (OR10A7) that consistently exhibited altered expression in stable COPD. ROC analysis indicated strong predictive potential, with AUC values of 0.86, 0.87, and 0.95 for LIFR, properdin and OR10A7 respectively. These findings provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of stable COPD and identify potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for future investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":485,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series B: Biomedical Chemistry","volume":"19 4","pages":"385 - 394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147335827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Serum Levels of Biochemical Factors and Hematological Parameters in Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"Tuğba Polat,&nbsp;Zafer Yönden,&nbsp;Amin Daemi,&nbsp;Yusuf Döğüş,&nbsp;Hülya Binokay,&nbsp;Perihan Çam Ray,&nbsp;Çağlar Charles Daniel Jaicks","doi":"10.1134/S1990750823600383","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1990750823600383","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We enrolled 43 children aged 2–8 years with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 43 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The aim was to evaluate routinely available laboratory parameters as accessible markers that could aid ASD diagnosis and treatment monitoring, thereby contributing to the elucidation of ASD etiopathogenesis. Serum ALT, AST, iron (Fe), unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC), ferritin, folate, vitamin B12, TSH, free T4, vitamin D, uric acid, insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, C-reactive protein (CRP), and creatinine, as well as complete blood count (CBC) indices, were statistically compared between groups. Samples were analyzed on automated hormone, clinical chemistry, and hematology analyzers. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between platelet count and ASD status. No statistically significant between-group differences were observed for ALT, glucose, CRP, insulin, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, creatinine, iron, UIBC, ferritin, folate, vitamin B12, TSH, free T4, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, or MCV (all <i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). WBC, platelet, uric acid, AST, and vitamin D levels were significantly higher in the ASD group than in controls (all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In logistic regression, higher platelet count was associated with increased odds of ASD (OR = 1.019 per unit increase in the measurement scale used), controlling for covariates. ASD is diagnosed based on DSM-5 criteria and supplementary scales. This study identifies objective, readily measurable blood parameters that may support ASD diagnosis and guide subsequent treatment; larger, longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm these associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":485,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series B: Biomedical Chemistry","volume":"19 4","pages":"364 - 368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147335825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}