Efort Open Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Distal biceps tendon repair: immobilization versus early mobilization. A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Florian Schönweger, Marco Cuzzolin, Alessandro Sangiorgio, Enrico Guerra, Giuseppe Filardo, Christian Candrian","doi":"10.1530/EOR-2025-0152","DOIUrl":"10.1530/EOR-2025-0152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Distal biceps brachii tendon avulsions are a significant clinical issue, particularly in physically active, middle-aged men. The choice of postoperative rehabilitation strategy, specifically early mobilization versus immobilization, and the effectiveness of different immobilization tools, remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to clarify these aspects by analysing the impact of rehabilitation protocols on clinical outcomes following tendon reinsertion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A detailed systematic literature search was conducted in January 2025 using multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and grey literature sources. The selection process followed PRISMA guidelines and included 50 studies encompassing 1,577 patients. The primary outcomes assessed were re-rupture rates, DASH scores, and functional outcomes, such as range of motion and strength ratios. The Downs and Black quality assessment checklist was used to evaluate the risk of bias, and the GRADE guidelines were applied to assess the quality of evidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The meta-analysis showed no significant differences in re-rupture rates, DASH scores, or strength ratios between early mobilization and immobilization groups. Similarly, the type of immobilization tool (splint, sling, or hinged brace) did not significantly affect these outcomes. The overall risk of bias was predominantly rated as poor to fair, and the quality of evidence was low to very low.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that both early mobilization and immobilization are viable postoperative rehabilitation strategies following distal biceps tendon reinsertion, with no significant difference in patient outcomes. The choice of immobilization tool also does not appear to significantly affect recovery. However, due to the low quality of evidence and risk of bias in the included studies, further high-quality research is needed to establish definitive postoperative care guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":48598,"journal":{"name":"Efort Open Reviews","volume":"11 7","pages":"849-858"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13326719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148363133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MRI-guided detection of knee injuries as a concomitant lesion of femoral shaft fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Tayfun Yilmaz, Guido Schwarzer, Andreas Fuchs, Markus Siegel, Nils Mühlenfeld, Ferdinand C Wagner, Hagen Schmal, Kaywan Izadpanah, Andreas Frodl","doi":"10.1530/EOR-2025-0184","DOIUrl":"10.1530/EOR-2025-0184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study is to identify possible predilection sites for ligamentous injuries of the knee joint and, based on these findings, provide recommendations to reduce the risk of missed injuries of the knee in cases of ipsilateral femoral shaft fractures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review searching the Cochrane, PubMed, and Ovid databases. Inclusion criteria were the modified Coleman methodology score (mCMS) > 50, fully grown patients with mature skeletal development, with ipsilateral femoral shaft fracture and MRI imaging of the knee to assess ligamentous and meniscal injuries objectively. Skeletal immature patients, biomechanical or cadaveric studies, pathological fractures or periprosthetic fractures and animal studies were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed the data of 636 patients out of 4 manuscripts regarding ligamentous knee injuries with ipsilateral femoral shaft fractures. The collateral ligaments, especially the medial collateral ligament (MCL) is seen with the highest injury rate of 23% (95% CI: 9-41%) followed by the lateral collateral ligament with 10%. The injury-rate was calculated with 9% (95% CI: 4-13%) for the anterior cruciate ligament and 7% (95% CI: 0-19%) for the posterior cruciate ligament.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Concomitant ligamentous knee injuries are common in femoral shaft fractures and should be suspected especially in trauma mechanism involving vehicle collisions. Systematic post-stabilization knee examination and with suspected ligamentous injury a timely MRI, with referral to higher-level centers when unavailable, may reduce missed injuries and improve outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48598,"journal":{"name":"Efort Open Reviews","volume":"11 7","pages":"859-867"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13326718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current concepts in meniscal suturing techniques: indications, advantages, and limitations.","authors":"Marta Gabriela Kubisa, Michał Jan Kubisa, Agnieszka Grygiel, Robert Omilian, Przemysław Krakowski","doi":"10.1530/EOR-2025-0236","DOIUrl":"10.1530/EOR-2025-0236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The meniscus is critical for load distribution and joint stability; tears disrupt biomechanics and accelerate cartilage degeneration, prompting a shift from meniscectomy toward preservation and repair. We review three core techniques - inside-out, outside-in, and all-inside - with stepwise descriptions, indications, advantages/limitations, devices, and complication profiles. Inside-out offers precise, strong fixation but requires an accessory incision and neurovascular precautions; outside-in is reproducible and cost-efficient for anterior horn tears; and all-inside reduces soft-tissue dissection and operative time, improving access to posterior/body regions. No single meniscal repair technique demonstrates clear superiority in healing or failure rates; outcomes depend on tear characteristics and patient factors. Although modern all-suture all-inside devices show favorable biomechanics, their higher cost and unclear cost-effectiveness limit definitive clinical advantage. Technical pearls include optimized portal placement, peripheral bites, protection of neurovascular structures, and avoidance of soft-tissue bridges. Concomitant ACL reconstruction enhances healing - likely via improved stability and marrow-derived biologic augmentation. Region-specific guidance is provided using medial and lateral anatomical zoning, aligning suture patterns (inside-out, outside-in, and all-inside) to tear location to preserve biomechanics and reduce complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":48598,"journal":{"name":"Efort Open Reviews","volume":"11 7","pages":"815-826"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13326881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148363121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No single best technique: trade-offs in femoral interference screw fixation for bone-patellar tendon-bone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.","authors":"Seikai Toyooka, Yutoshi Osaki, Noriaki Arai, Hirotaka Kawano, Takumi Nakagawa","doi":"10.1530/EOR-2025-0247","DOIUrl":"10.1530/EOR-2025-0247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review presents how surgeons should choose femoral interference screw in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction - insertion direction (inside-out vs outside-in), tunnel shape (round vs rectangular), screw position (anterior vs posterior), and screw material (metal, bioabsorbable, PEEK, magnesium) - to balance fixation strength, anatomic fidelity, and revision feasibility. Inside-out maximizes aperture compression and preserves the lateral femoral cortex but requires deep flexion and precise trajectory (risk of iatrogenic cartilage contact/posterior wall breach). Outside-in improves visualization and guide control yet needs a large lateral cortical socket and can push the bone plug intra-articularly as the screw advances from cortex to joint. Rectangular tunnels better match the native footprint, improving rotational control and interface congruity, while round tunnels simplify preparation but allow plug rotation and may use bone less efficiently at the aperture. Posterior screw placement (particularly with the inside-out technique) enhances cancellous-to-cancellous compression but risks posterior cortical breach injury; anterior placement protects fibers and favors footprint fidelity but may reduce cancellous compression. Metal offers high stiffness and no tapping but creates MRI artifact and requires removal if present at revision. Bioabsorbable materials avoid artifact/removal yet are weaker and may fracture in sclerotic tunnels. PEEK (metal-like without artifact) and magnesium (osteoconductive/resorbable) are promising but lack long-term data. No single method is universally optimal. Decisions should be individualized to visualization needs, cortical/bone-stock preservation, expected revision strategy, and patient factors (age, activity, bone quality).</p>","PeriodicalId":48598,"journal":{"name":"Efort Open Reviews","volume":"11 7","pages":"827-836"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13326880/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148363029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary applications of electrical stimulation in bone repair: bibliometric trends and temporal dynamics.","authors":"Xiuqing Wang, Jiachen Liu, Yuping Huang, Xiaojing Huang","doi":"10.1530/EOR-2025-0151","DOIUrl":"10.1530/EOR-2025-0151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone defects cause life-threatening risks and reduced quality of life. Researchers are advancing electrical stimulation technologies through sustained innovation to address these challenges. This review used a dual analytical approach integrating bibliometric analysis and expert modeling to systematically evaluate the evolution and trends of electrical stimulation in bone regeneration. A total of 2,069 publications from the Web of Science Core Collection met the inclusion criteria. Early-stage research focused on electrical properties of bone and electrical stimulation stimulator design. Recent trends show growing emphasis on novel material discovery and optimization for electrical stimulation applications. The field was undergoing rapid expansion, engaging growing numbers of countries, institutions, and researchers worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":48598,"journal":{"name":"Efort Open Reviews","volume":"11 7","pages":"724-736"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13326725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148363199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salvage surgery of the hip in non-ambulatory cerebral palsy: a systematic review.","authors":"Naomi Khan, Tara Korbal, Daniel Gould, Erich Rutz","doi":"10.1530/EOR-2025-0211","DOIUrl":"10.1530/EOR-2025-0211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Individuals with severe cerebral palsy (CP) at Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels IV and V are at high risk of hip displacement causing pain, reduced sitting tolerance, and hygiene challenges. Salvage procedures such as proximal femoral resection, hip arthrodesis, or total hip arthroplasty are often required. This review evaluated preoperative characteristics, intraoperative variables, and postoperative outcomes of salvage hip surgery in non-ambulatory children and young adults with CP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>EMBASE (via Ovid), Medline and PubMed were searched from inception to October 1, 2024, following PRISMA guidelines and a registered PROSPERO protocol. Forward and backward citation chasing was undertaken prior to final submisson. Eligible English-language cohort studies and case series were included. Data were extracted in duplicate and quality was assessed using Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS). A narrative synthesis was used due to the lack of consistent quantitative outcomes reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 3,004 records screened, 42 studies (793 patients, 1,014 hips) were included. Excision was most common (n = 34 studies), followed by arthroplasty (n = 8) and arthrodesis (n = 4). Most patients were male (56%), and 81.6% were GMFCS level V. Excision procedures had the lowest operative times (mean 2.5 h) and blood loss (mean 232 mL). Preoperative indications included pain (93% of studies) and caretaker concerns including transfer ability, hygiene, and quality of life (83% of studies). Overall, perioperative complication rates were 13.9%. Heterotopic ossification occurred in 69% of studies, proximal femoral migration occurred in 52%, and 80% reported the need for secondary procedures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Salvage surgery provides consistent pain relief and functional benefits in non-ambulatory CP but remains associated with frequent complications and repeat surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":48598,"journal":{"name":"Efort Open Reviews","volume":"11 7","pages":"778-790"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13326878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148363209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiplatelets match anticoagulants for VTE prevention after joint arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.","authors":"Liwei Zhang, Hua Luo, Yuhang Gong, Yongwei Su, Cong Chen, Yu Ren","doi":"10.1530/EOR-2025-0120","DOIUrl":"10.1530/EOR-2025-0120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Venous thromboembolism (VTE), encompassing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), remains a major risk after joint arthroplasty. This study compares antiplatelet agents versus anticoagulants for VTE prevention in adults undergoing joint arthroplasty.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The review process was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing antiplatelets with anticoagulants for VTE prevention in adults undergoing joint arthroplasty were included. Data were pooled using a random effects meta-analysis to account for heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nineteen RCTs involving 30,290 patients met the inclusion criteria. No significant difference was found between antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants in preventing VTE (risk ratio (RR): 1.08; 95% CI: 0.81-1.44), DVT (RR: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.83-1.51), or PE (RR: 1.26; 95% CI: 0.94-1.69). However, in studies conducted after 2015 and those incorporating mechanical prophylaxis, the antiplatelet group had higher rates of VTE, DVT, and PE. Notably, female patients on antiplatelets had lower VTE rates, suggesting potential sex-specific benefits. Regarding safety, antiplatelet agents were associated with fewer bleeding complications compared to anticoagulants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Antiplatelet agents are as effective as anticoagulants in preventing VTE, DVT, and PE after joint arthroplasty and may offer a better safety profile with fewer bleeding complications. Despite some heterogeneity and potential biases, the evidence supports considering antiplatelet agents, particularly aspirin, as a cost-effective and reliable option for VTE prophylaxis in this patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":48598,"journal":{"name":"Efort Open Reviews","volume":"11 7","pages":"710-723"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13326727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148363061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are preoperative psychological factors associated with chronic postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review.","authors":"Julie Heegaard, Julius Tetens Hald, Michael Mørk Petersen, Anders Odgaard","doi":"10.1530/EOR-2025-0269","DOIUrl":"10.1530/EOR-2025-0269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine whether psychological factors are associated with chronic postoperative pain ≥12 months after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), given that ∼10% of patients report persistent pain despite otherwise successful surgery, and psychological influences are proposed contributors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, including adults undergoing primary or revision TKA with postoperative pain assessed at a minimum of one year. Searches were performed in MEDLINE and Embase. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024620401). Due to substantial heterogeneity in the studies, findings were synthesised narratively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-seven studies met eligibility criteria. Twelve psychological factors were assessed across studies, most frequently depressive symptoms, pain catastrophising, and anxiety. Results were inconsistent, and no psychological factor showed a reproducible association with long-term postoperative pain across studies. Expectations were the only factor consistently associated with pain outcomes, while self-efficacy showed no association. Other factors, such as kinesiophobia and psychological distress, were examined in too few studies to support firm interpretation. Most studies demonstrated a moderate risk of bias, primarily due to reliance on self-reported measures and lack of non-exposed comparison cohorts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Substantial heterogeneity across studies limits firm conclusions regarding the influence of psychological factors on chronic postoperative pain one year after TKA. Patient expectations may play a meaningful role, whereas self-efficacy appears unrelated. Overall, most patients experienced pain improvement regardless of psychological profile. Standardised assessment methods are needed to clarify these associations and guide clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":48598,"journal":{"name":"Efort Open Reviews","volume":"11 7","pages":"803-814"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13326883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148363201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frameworks and methods for estimating the causal effect of clinical treatment in orthopaedics: a scoping review.","authors":"Bastian Widmer, Michael Ketzer, Michael Simon, Giusi Moffa, Elke Viehweger, Morgan Sangeux","doi":"10.1530/EOR-2025-0266","DOIUrl":"10.1530/EOR-2025-0266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gold standard for establishing the causal effect of a clinical treatment is a randomized controlled trial, which is challenging to apply in orthopaedics, mainly due to ethical reasons. Therefore, retrospective observational studies were conducted to elucidate potential treatment effects. However, clinicians rarely receive guidance on how to apply modern causal inference methods to strengthen conclusions drawn from such data and support evidence-based decision-making. The objective of this scoping review was to facilitate a better understanding of the use of causal inference methods in orthopaedics. The scoping review adheres to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and the five-stage framework of Arksey and O'Malley. Two themes, 'orthopaedic interventions' and 'causal inference', guided the search strategy development for this scoping review. A literature search of observational studies was conducted using the PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases. Studies describing the use of causal inference frameworks in clinical treatment in orthopaedics were included. Of 6,244 records, 85 studies were included in the study. Propensity score matching and inverse probability of treatment weighting were the most common methods. Multicentric studies predominated, while the use of formal causal inference frameworks, such as target trial emulation and directed acyclic graphs, was rare. Causal inference is increasingly used in orthopaedics, although formal frameworks, such as target trial emulation and causal diagrams, remain underutilized. We recommend using prospective, publicly available protocols that incorporate these tools to enhance transparency and validity.</p>","PeriodicalId":48598,"journal":{"name":"Efort Open Reviews","volume":"11 7","pages":"748-757"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13326879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148363217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture of the elderly: a narrative review.","authors":"Gautier Beckers, Maximilian Lerchenberger, Wolfgang Böcker, Boris Michael Holzapfel, Jörg Arnholdt, Dominic Simon","doi":"10.1530/EOR-2024-0211","DOIUrl":"10.1530/EOR-2024-0211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review provides an up-to-date, focused, and evidence-based treatment strategy addressing the ongoing debates in the literature surrounding arthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly. Every effort should be made to perform surgery within 24-36 h of admission. After-hours surgery may be performed safely when an experienced team and adequate resources are available; if not, postponing to daytime hours to optimize surgical conditions is reasonable. While pre-fracture mobility, independence, and comorbidity are relevant in treatment planning, current high-level evidence does not support a consistent clinical benefit of total hip arthroplasty over hemiarthroplasty, even in selected, higher-functioning patients. Given the substantially increased risk of periprosthetic fracture associated with cementless fixation, cemented stems should be preferred in elderly patients with displaced femoral neck fractures.</p>","PeriodicalId":48598,"journal":{"name":"Efort Open Reviews","volume":"11 7","pages":"770-777"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13326720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148363190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}