Lancet Planetary Health最新文献

{"title":"Estimating the effect of annual PM2·5 exposure on mortality in India: a difference-in-differences approach","authors":"Suganthi Jaganathan MPH , Massimo Stafoggia PhD , Ajit Rajiva MESc , Siddhartha Mandal PhD , Shweta Dixit PhD , Jeroen de Bont PhD , Prof Gregory A Wellenius ScD , Kevin J Lane PhD , Amruta Nori-Sarma PhD , Prof Itai Kloog PhD , Prof Dorairaj Prabhakaran DM , Poornima Prabhakaran PhD , Prof Joel Schwartz PhD , Petter Ljungman PhD","doi":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00248-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00248-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In 2019, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study attributed 0·98 million deaths to ambient air pollution in India based on potentially inappropriate exposure–response functions from countries with low air pollution levels. Instead, using data from India, we investigated long-term exposure to PM<sub>2·5</sub> and all-cause mortality with a causal inference method.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We collected national counts of annual mortality from 2009 to 2019 from the Civil Registration System at the district level to calculate annual district-level mortality rate as our main outcome and obtained annual PM<sub>2·5</sub> concentrations from a high-resolution spatiotemporal model. We applied an extended version of the difference-in-differences design by use of generalised additive models with quasi-Poisson distribution, including indicator variables and separate time trends for spatial administrative divisions. PM<sub>2·5</sub> concentrations obtained at 1 km × 1 km spatial resolution across the country were used to calculate annual district-level mean PM<sub>2·5</sub> concentrations. Similarly, we collected confounders at the district level, such as mean and SD of quarterly temperatures, gross domestic product per capita, population aged 60 years or older, clean cooking fuel usage, literacy in women, and median age. The spatial unit of analysis was administrative division.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>The annual median population-weighted PM<sub>2·5</sub> was 38·9 μg/m<sup>3</sup> (5–95th percentile 19·7–71·8 μg/m<sup>3</sup>). The full population lived in areas with PM<sub>2·5</sub> concentrations exceeding the 5 μg/m<sup>3</sup> annual mean recommended in the WHO guidelines, and 1·1 billion of 1·4 billion (81·9% of the total population) lived in areas above the Indian National Ambient Air Quality Standards for annual mean PM<sub>2·5</sub> not exceeding 40 μg/m<sup>3</sup>. A 10 μg/m<sup>3</sup> increase in annual PM<sub>2·5</sub> concentration was associated with an 8·6% (95% CI 6·4–10·8) higher annual mortality. Based on the Indian National Ambient Air Quality Standards, a total of 3·8 million (95% CI 2·9–4·9) deaths between 2009 and 2019 were attributable to PM<sub>2·5</sub>, amounting to 5·0% (3·8–6·4) of total mortality. Based on the WHO guidelines, a total of 16·6 million (13·0–21·8) deaths were attributable to PM<sub>2·5</sub>, amounting to 24·9% (19·5–32·5) of total mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Our difference-in-differences approach allowed us to assess the full extent of registered deaths in the most populated country in the world, which has high levels of air pollution. We provide new evidence of increased mortality risk from long-term PM<sub>2·5</sub>, which emphasises the need for tighter regulatory standards to potentially substantially reduce mortality across India.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div>Swedish Research Council for Sustainab","PeriodicalId":48548,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Planetary Health","volume":"8 12","pages":"Pages e987-e996"},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambient air pollution exposure and adult asthma incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Spencer Lee BSc ,&nbsp;Derek Tian BSc ,&nbsp;Rose He ,&nbsp;Jacquelyn J Cragg PhD ,&nbsp;Chris Carlsten MD ,&nbsp;Amanda Giang PhD ,&nbsp;Prubjot K Gill MLIS ,&nbsp;Kate M Johnson PhD ,&nbsp;Emily Brigham MD","doi":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00279-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00279-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ambient (outdoor) air pollutant exposures have emerged as a plausible risk factor for incident childhood asthma. However, the effect of ambient air pollutant exposures on risk of incident adult asthma is unclear. We aimed to investigate associations between specific ambient air pollutants and the risk of incident adult asthma.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science from inception to Nov 27, 2023. We included observational studies with the outcome of new-onset asthma during adulthood (onset at ≥18 years), and metric of exposure of ambient air pollutants (particulate matter [PM]_2·5, nitrogen dioxide [NO₂], ozone [O₃], and sulphur dioxide [SO₂]). Study data were extracted independently by two reviewers and study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. When four or more eligible studies were available for a given pollutant, we applied meta-analysis using inverse variance weighting in a random effects model to estimate pooled relative risk (RR), and used meta-regression to explore sources of heterogeneity. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42023420139.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Our search identified 1891 references. After excluding 651 (34%) duplicates and ineligible studies, we included 25 studies in the systematic review. After excluding studies with overlapping populations or reporting effect estimates that could not be pooled, we performed meta-analysis for PM_2·5 (nine studies), NO₂ (nine studies), and O₃ (four studies). Pooled random effects RRs for incident adult asthma per 5 μg/m³ increase in PM_2·5 were 1·07 (95% CI 1·01 to 1·13) and per 10 μg/m³ in NO₂ were 1·11 (1·03 to 1·20). We found no significant association between increasing O₃ concentration and incident adult asthma (per 60-μg/m³ increase in O₃, pooled RR 1·04 [0·79 to 1·36]). We found substantial heterogeneity across studies (<em>I</em>²=88% for all analyses). In exploratory meta-regression, average exposure level was a significant source of heterogeneity for the pooled NO₂ estimate (95% CI –0·0077 to –0·0025 per μg/m³).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Exposure to increased ambient PM_2·5 or NO₂ might present an additional risk factor for incident adult asthma, although high heterogeneity among included studies warrants caution in interpretation. Evidence was inconsistent for O₃ and insufficient for SO₂. To increase confidence and population representation in pooled estimates, further primary investigations are necessary, ideally with aligned methodology and reporting.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div>None.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48548,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Planetary Health","volume":"8 12","pages":"Pages e1065-e1078"},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planetary Health Research Digest","authors":"Cahal McQuillan","doi":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00312-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00312-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48548,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Planetary Health","volume":"8 12","pages":"Page e986"},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"We're living through a planetary health crisis: health guidelines must consider planetary health","authors":"Thomas Piggott ,&nbsp;Grigorios I Leontiadis ,&nbsp;Alina Herrmann ,&nbsp;Karolina Anna Scahill ,&nbsp;Josep M Antó ,&nbsp;Jodi D Sherman ,&nbsp;Pablo Alonso-Coello ,&nbsp;Ignacio Neumann ,&nbsp;Holger Schünemann ,&nbsp;Fiona A Miller","doi":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00300-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00300-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48548,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Planetary Health","volume":"8 12","pages":"Pages e979-e980"},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to Lancet Planet Health 2024; 8: e766–77","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00274-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00274-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48548,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Planetary Health","volume":"8 12","pages":"Page e983"},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11634785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142564670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to Lancet Planet Health 2024; 8: e879–93","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00280-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00280-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48548,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Planetary Health","volume":"8 12","pages":"Page e983"},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of natural climate variability on the global distribution of Aedes aegypti: a mathematical modelling study","authors":"Alexander R Kaye MSc ,&nbsp;Uri Obolski PhD ,&nbsp;Lantao Sun PhD ,&nbsp;William S Hart DPhil ,&nbsp;Prof James W Hurrell PhD ,&nbsp;Prof Michael J Tildesley PhD ,&nbsp;Robin N Thompson PhD","doi":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00238-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00238-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Aedes aegypti</em> spread pathogens affecting humans, including dengue, Zika, and yellow fever viruses. Anthropogenic climate change is altering the spatial distribution of <em>Ae aegypti</em> and therefore the locations at risk of vector-borne disease. In addition to climate change, natural climate variability, resulting from internal atmospheric processes and interactions between climate system components (eg, atmosphere–land and atmosphere–ocean interactions), determines climate outcomes. However, the role of natural climate variability in modifying the effects of anthropogenic climate change on future environmental suitability for <em>Ae aegypti</em> has not been assessed fully. In this study, we aim to assess uncertainty arising from natural climate variability in projections of <em>Ae aegypti</em> suitability up to the year 2100.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this mathematical modelling study, we developed an ecological model in which <em>Ae aegypti</em> population dynamics depend on climate variables (temperature and rainfall). We used 100 projections of future climate from the Community Earth System Model, a comprehensive climate model that simulates natural climate variability as well as anthropogenic climate change, in combination with our ecological model to generate a range of equally plausible scenarios describing the global distribution of suitable conditions for <em>Ae aegypti</em> up to 2100. Each of these scenarios corresponds to a single climate projection, allowing us to explore the difference in <em>Ae aegypti</em> suitability between the most-suitable and the least-suitable projections.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Our key finding was that natural climate variability generates substantial variation in future projections of environmental suitability for <em>Ae aegypti</em>. Even for projections generated under the same Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenario (SSP3–7.0), in 2100 climatic conditions in London might be suitable for <em>Ae aegypti</em> for 0–5 months of the year, depending on natural climate variability.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Natural climate variability affects environmental suitability for important disease vectors. Some regions could experience vector-borne disease outbreaks earlier than expected under climate change alone.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div>Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and Wellcome Trust.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48548,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Planetary Health","volume":"8 12","pages":"Pages e1079-e1087"},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions through disease prevention: a secondary analysis of data from the CREDENCE trial","authors":"Benjamin Talbot PhD ,&nbsp;Robert A Fletcher MSc ,&nbsp;Prof Bruce Neal PhD ,&nbsp;Megumi Oshima PhD ,&nbsp;Fiona Adshead MSc ,&nbsp;Keith Moore MSc ,&nbsp;Forbes McGain PhD ,&nbsp;Scott McAlister PhD ,&nbsp;Katherine A Barraclough PhD ,&nbsp;Prof John Knight MBBS ,&nbsp;Brendon L Neuen PhD ,&nbsp;Clare Arnott PhD","doi":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00281-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00281-X","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The health-care sector is responsible for 5·2% of global emissions, however, little data exist regarding the environmental impact of disease management strategies. SGLT2 inhibitors are now widely used to reduce the risk of hospital admission and kidney failure in people with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. This study aimed to estimate the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on greenhouse gas emissions using data from the CREDENCE trial.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;For this modelling analysis, we used data from the randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, CREDENCE trial, which compared the effect of canagliflozin versus placebo on kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease. For this secondary analysis, we included all participants randomly assigned to canagliflozin or placebo at baseline in the CREDENCE trial. Data on greenhouse gas emissions resulting from hospital inpatient days, maintenance dialysis therapy, and SGLT2 inhibitor tablet production were derived from published reports and used to model greenhouse gas emissions from total number of hospital inpatient days, total number of days of maintenance dialysis therapy, and from SGLT2 inhibitor treatment over the course of the CREDENCE trial. We compared greenhouse gas emission estimates for participants in the canagliflozin group and placebo group of the CREDENCE trial. We used bootstrapping analyses to calculate uncertainty estimates and permutation tests to generate p values for the difference in number of days on dialysis and inpatient bed days between treatment groups.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Findings&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;4401 participants who were randomly assigned to the canagliflozin (n=2202) or placebo group (n=2199) were included in the secondary analyses. During a median follow-up of 2·62 years (IQR 0·02 to 4·53), SGLT2 inhibitor production for 2202 participants resulted in greenhouse gas emissions of 63 tonnes of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; equivalent (CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;e; 95% CI 62 to 64). The total number of inpatient bed days was 17 002 days in the placebo group versus 13 672 days in the canagliflozin group; the 3330 fewer inpatient days (95% CI 1037 to 5686; p=0·042) with SGLT2 inhibitor treatment equated to a reduction of approximately 126 tonnes of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;e (95% CI 39 to 216). Participants in the placebo group required 24 877 days of maintenance dialysis compared with 16 605 days in the treatment group; 8272 fewer days of dialysis ( –168 to 16 755; p=0·16), equated to a reduction of 161 tonnes of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;e (–3 to 327). Overall, mean greenhouse gas emissions per-participant-year were reduced from 196 kg of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;e per-participant-year to 157 kg of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;e per-participant-year.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Interpretation&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The addition of an SGLT2 inhibitor to routine therapy for people with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas","PeriodicalId":48548,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Planetary Health","volume":"8 12","pages":"Pages e1055-e1064"},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indigenous Elders' voices on health-systems change informed by planetary health: a qualitative and relational systems mapping inquiry","authors":"Nicole Redvers ND ,&nbsp;Felix Lockhart ,&nbsp;John B Zoe ,&nbsp;Rassi Nashalik ,&nbsp;Denise McDonald ,&nbsp;Gladys Norwegian ,&nbsp;Jamie Hartmann-Boyce DPhil ,&nbsp;Sarah Tonkin-Crine PhD","doi":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00277-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00277-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Indigenous Peoples and their knowledge systems are increasingly being looked to for solutions regarding climate change, including within clinical health-care settings. Indigenous Elders specifically are noted knowledge keepers within their communities and are often looked to with great respect for their Land-based knowledges as they pertain to planetary health approaches. We sought to explore the views of health-systems change informed by planetary health within the circumpolar north from the perspective of Indigenous Elders. We held a sharing circle, in which Elders identified four interconnected themes following a cyclical pattern that were also depicted with relational systems mapping, including the past and how we got here, where we are now, where we need to go in the future, and our reflections. Our findings showed that any concepts related to planetary health that are discussed within health systems cannot be disconnected from the context around them. Overall, health systems were stated to be currently devoid of any environmental context or consideration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48548,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Planetary Health","volume":"8 12","pages":"Pages e1106-e1117"},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Somebody has to move first","authors":"The Lancet Planetary Health","doi":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00313-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00313-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48548,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Planetary Health","volume":"8 12","pages":"Page e973"},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}