Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences最新文献

{"title":"TFDNet: A triple focus diffusion network for object detection in urban congestion with accurate multi-scale feature fusion and real-time capability","authors":"Caoyu Gu ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Miao ,&nbsp;Chaojie Zuo","doi":"10.1016/j.jksuci.2024.102223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksuci.2024.102223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vehicle detection in congested urban scenes is essential for traffic control and safety management. However, the dense arrangement and occlusion of multi-scale vehicles in such environments present considerable challenges for detection systems. To tackle these challenges, this paper introduces a novel object detection method, dubbed the triple focus diffusion network (TFDNet). Firstly, the gradient convolution is introduced to construct the C2f-EIRM module, replacing the original C2f module, thereby enhancing the network’s capacity to extract edge information. Secondly, by leveraging the concept of the Asymptotic Feature Pyramid Network on the foundation of the Path Aggregation Network, the triple focus diffusion module structure is proposed to improve the network’s ability to fuse multi-scale features. Finally, the SPPF-ELA module employs an Efficient Local Attention mechanism to integrate multi-scale information, thereby significantly reducing the impact of background noise on detection accuracy. Experiments on the VisDrone 2021 dataset reveal that the average detection accuracy of the TFDNet algorithm reached 38.4%, which represents a 6.5% improvement over the original algorithm; similarly, its mAP50:90 performance has increased by 3.7%. Furthermore, on the UAVDT dataset, the TFDNet achieved a 3.3% enhancement in performance compared to the original algorithm. TFDNet, with a processing speed of 55.4 FPS, satisfies the real-time requirements for vehicle detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences","volume":"36 9","pages":"Article 102223"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Effective and scalable black-box fuzzing approach for modern web applications” [J. King Saud Univ. Comp. Info. Sci. 34(10) (2022) 10068–10078]","authors":"Aseel Alsaedi,&nbsp;Abeer Alhuzali,&nbsp;Omaimah Bamasag","doi":"10.1016/j.jksuci.2024.102216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksuci.2024.102216","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences","volume":"36 9","pages":"Article 102216"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNE-YOLO: A method for apple fruit detection in Diverse Natural Environments","authors":"Haitao Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaotian Mo ,&nbsp;Sijian Wen ,&nbsp;Kanglei Wu ,&nbsp;Yu Ye ,&nbsp;Yongmei Wang ,&nbsp;Youhua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jksuci.2024.102220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksuci.2024.102220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The apple industry, recognized as a pivotal sector in agriculture, increasingly emphasizes the mechanization and intelligent advancement of picking technology. This study innovatively applies a mist simulation algorithm to apple image generation, constructing a dataset of apple images under mixed sunny, cloudy, drizzling and foggy weather conditions called DNE-APPLE. It introduces a lightweight and efficient target detection network called DNE-YOLO. Building upon the YOLOv8 base model, DNE-YOLO incorporates the CBAM attention mechanism and CARAFE up-sampling operator to enhance the focus on apples. Additionally, it utilizes GSConv and the dynamic non-monotonic focusing mechanism loss function WIOU to reduce model parameters and decrease reliance on dataset quality. Extensive experimental results underscore the efficacy of the DNE-YOLO model, which achieves a detection accuracy (precision) of 90.7%, a recall of 88.9%, a mean accuracy (mAP50) of 94.3%, a computational complexity (GFLOPs) of 25.4G, and a parameter count of 10.46M across various environmentally diverse datasets. Compared to YOLOv8, it exhibits superior detection accuracy and robustness in sunny, drizzly, cloudy, and misty environments, making it especially suitable for practical applications such as apple picking for agricultural robots. The code for this model is open source at <span><span>https://github.com/wuhaitao2178827/DNE-YOLO</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences","volume":"36 9","pages":"Article 102220"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy-efficient resource allocation for UAV-aided full-duplex OFDMA wireless powered IoT communication networks","authors":"Tong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jksuci.2024.102225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksuci.2024.102225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid development of wireless-powered Internet of Things (IoT) networks, supported by multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and full-duplex technologies, has opened new avenues for simultaneous data transmission and energy harvesting. In this context, optimizing energy efficiency (EE) is crucial for ensuring sustainable and efficient network operation. This paper proposes a novel approach to EE optimization in multi-UAV-aided wireless-powered IoT networks, focusing on balancing the uplink data transmission rates and total system energy consumption within an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) framework. This involves formulating the EE optimization problem as a Multi-Objective Optimization Problem (MOOP), consisting of the maximization of the uplink total rate and the minimization of the total system energy consumption, which is then transformed into a Single-Objective Optimization Problem (SOOP) using the Tchebycheff method. To address the non-convex nature of the resulting SOOP, characterized by combinatorial variables and coupled constraints, we developed an iterative algorithm that combines Block Coordinate Descent (BCD) with Successive Convex Approximation (SCA). This algorithm decouples the subcarrier assignment and power control subproblems, incorporates a penalty term to relax integer constraints, and alternates between solving each subproblem until convergence is reached. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms baseline approaches in key performance metrics, highlighting the practical applicability and robustness of our framework for enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of real-world UAV-assisted wireless networks. Our findings provide insights for future research on extending the proposed framework to scenarios involving dynamic UAV mobility, multi-hop communication, and enhanced energy management, thereby supporting the development of next-generation sustainable communication systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences","volume":"36 9","pages":"Article 102225"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"General secure encryption algorithm for separable reversible data hiding in encrypted domain","authors":"Hongli Wan,&nbsp;Minqing Zhang,&nbsp;Yan Ke,&nbsp;Zongbao Jiang,&nbsp;Fuqiang Di","doi":"10.1016/j.jksuci.2024.102217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksuci.2024.102217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The separable reversible data hiding in encrypted domain (RDH-ED) algorithm leaves out the embedding space for the information before or after encryption and makes the operation of extracting the information and restoring the image not interfere with each other. The encryption method employed not only affects the embedding space of the information and separability, but is more crucial for ensuring security. However, the commonly used XOR, scram-bling or combination methods fall short in security, especially against known plaintext attack (KPA). Therefore, in order to improve the security of RDH-ED and be widely applicable, this paper proposes a high-security RDH-ED encryption algorithm that can be used to reserve space before encryption (RSBE) and free space after encryption (FSAE). During encryption, the image undergoes block XOR, global intra-block bit-plane scrambling (GIBS) and inter-block scrambling sequentially. The GIBS key is created through chaotic mapping transformation. Subsequently, two RDH-ED algorithms based on this encryption are proposed. Experimental results indicate that the algorithm outlined in this paper maintains consistent key communication traffic post key conversion. Additionally, its computational complexity remains at a constant level, satisfying separability criteria, and is suitable for both RSBE and FSAE methods. Simultaneously, while satisfying the security of a single encryption technique, we have expanded the key space to 2<span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>8</mn><mi>N</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msup><mo>×</mo><mi>N</mi><mi>p</mi><mo>!</mo><mo>×</mo><mn>8</mn><msup><mrow><mo>!</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, enabling resilience against various existing attack methods. Notably, particularly in KPA testing scenarios, the average decryption success rate is a mere 0.0067% and 0.0045%, highlighting its exceptional security. Overall, this virtually unbreakable system significantly enhances image security while preserving an appropriate embedding capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences","volume":"36 9","pages":"Article 102217"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum computing enhanced knowledge tracing: Personalized KT research for mitigating data sparsity","authors":"Chengke Bao ,&nbsp;Qianxi Wu ,&nbsp;Weidong Ji ,&nbsp;Min Wang ,&nbsp;Haoyu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jksuci.2024.102224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksuci.2024.102224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the development of artificial intelligence in education, knowledge tracing (KT) has become a current research hotspot and is the key to the success of personalized instruction. However, data sparsity remains a significant challenge in the KT domain. To address this challenge, this paper applies quantum computing (QC) technology to KT for the first time. It proposes two personalized KT models incorporating quantum mechanics (QM): quantum convolutional enhanced knowledge tracing (QCE-KT) and quantum variational enhanced knowledge tracing (QVE-KT). Through quantum superposition and entanglement properties, QCE-KT and QVE-KT effectively alleviate the data sparsity problem in the KT domain through quantum convolutional layers and variational quantum circuits, respectively, and significantly improve the quality of the representation and prediction accuracy of students’ knowledge states. Experiments on three datasets show that our models outperform ten benchmark models. On the most sparse dataset, QCE-KT and QVE-KT improve their performance by 16.44% and 14.78%, respectively, compared to DKT. Although QC is still in the developmental stage, this study reveals the great potential of QM in personalized KT, which provides new perspectives for solving personalized instruction problems and opens up new directions for applying QC in education.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences","volume":"36 9","pages":"Article 102224"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DA-Net: A classification-guided network for dental anomaly detection from dental and maxillofacial images","authors":"Jiaxing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jksuci.2024.102229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksuci.2024.102229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dental abnormalities (DA) are frequent signs of disorders of the mouth that cause discomfort, infection, and loss of teeth. Early and reasonably priced treatment may be possible if defective teeth in the oral cavity are automatically detected. Several research works have endeavored to create a potent deep learning model capable of identifying DA from pictures. However, because of the following problems, aberrant teeth from the oral cavity are difficult to detect: 1) Normal teeth and crowded dentition frequently overlap; 2) The lesion area on the tooth surface is tiny. This paper proposes a professional dental anomaly detection network (DA-Net) to address such issues. First, a multi-scale dense connection module (MSDC) is designed to distinguish crowded teeth from normal teeth by learning multi-scale spatial information of dentition. Then, a pixel differential convolution (PDC) module is designed to perform pathological tooth recognition by extracting small lesion features. Finally, a multi-stage convolutional attention module (MSCA) is developed to integrate spatial information and channel information to obtain abnormal teeth in small areas. Experiments on benchmarks show that DA-Net performs well in dental anomaly detection and can further assist doctors in making treatment plans. Specifically, the DA-Net method performs best on multiple detection evaluation metrics: IoU, PRE, REC, and mAP. In terms of REC and mAP indicators, the proposed DA-Net method is 1.1% and 1.3% higher than the second-ranked YOLOv7 method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences","volume":"36 9","pages":"Article 102229"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep indoor illumination estimation based on spherical gaussian representation with scene prior knowledge","authors":"Chao Xu ,&nbsp;Cheng Han ,&nbsp;Huamin Yang ,&nbsp;Chao Zhang ,&nbsp;Shiyu Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jksuci.2024.102222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksuci.2024.102222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High dynamic range (HDR) illumination estimation from a single low dynamic range image is a critical task in the fields of computer vision, graphics and augmented reality. However, directly learning the full HDR environment map or parametric lighting information from a single image is extremely difficult and inaccurate. As a result, we propose a two-stage network approach for illumination estimation that integrates spherical gaussian (SG) representation with scene prior knowledge. In the first stage, a convolutional neural network is utilized to generate material and geometric information about the scene, which serves as prior knowledge for lighting prediction. In the second stage, we model indoor environment illumination using 128 SG functions with fixed center direction and bandwidth, allowing only the amplitude to vary. Subsequently, a Transformer-based lighting parameter regressor is employed to capture the complex relationship between the input images with scene prior information and its SG illumination. Additionally, we introduce a hybrid loss function, which combines a masked loss for high-frequency illumination with a rendering loss for improving the visual quality. By training and evaluating the lighting model on the created SG illumination dataset, the proposed method achieves competitive results in both quantitative metrics and visual quality, outperforming state-of-the-art methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences","volume":"36 10","pages":"Article 102222"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced UrduAspectNet: Leveraging Biaffine Attention for superior Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis","authors":"Kamran Aziz ,&nbsp;Naveed Ahmed ,&nbsp;Hassan Jalil Hadi ,&nbsp;Aizihaierjiang Yusufu ,&nbsp;Mohammaed Ali Alshara ,&nbsp;Yasir Javed ,&nbsp;Donghong Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.jksuci.2024.102221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksuci.2024.102221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urdu, with its rich linguistic complexity, poses significant challenges for computational sentiment analysis. This study presents an enhanced version of UrduAspectNet, specifically designed for Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) in Urdu. We introduce key innovations including the incorporation of Biaffine Attention into the model architecture, which synergizes XLM-R embeddings, a bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM), and dual Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs). Additionally, we utilize dependency parsing to create the adjacency matrix for the GCNs, capturing syntactic dependencies to enhance relational representation. The improved model, termed Enhanced UrduAspectNet, integrates POS and lemma embeddings, processed through BiLSTM and GCN layers, with Biaffine Attention enhancing the extraction of intricate aspect and sentiment relationships. We also introduce the use of BIO tags for aspect term identification, improving the granularity of aspect extraction. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in both aspect extraction and sentiment classification accuracy. This research advances Urdu sentiment analysis and sets a precedent for leveraging sophisticated NLP techniques in underrepresented languages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences","volume":"36 9","pages":"Article 102221"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Echocardiographic mitral valve segmentation model","authors":"Chunxia Liu ,&nbsp;Shanshan Dong ,&nbsp;Feng Xiong ,&nbsp;Luqing Wang ,&nbsp;Bolun Li ,&nbsp;Hongjun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jksuci.2024.102218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jksuci.2024.102218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Segmentation of mitral valve is not only important for clinical diagnosis, but also has far-reaching impact on prevention and prognosis of the disease by experts and doctors. In this paper, the multi-channel cross fusion transformer based U-Net network model (MCCT-UNet) is proposed according to the classical U-Net architecture. First, the jump connection part of MCCT-UNet is designed by using a multi-channel cross-fusion based attention mechanism module (MCCT) instead of the original jump connection, and this module fuses the feature maps from different scales in different stages of the encoder. Second, the optimization of the feature fusion method is proposed in the decoding stage by designing the cross-compression excitation sub-module (C-SENet) to replace the simple feature splicing, and the C-SENet is used to bridge the inconsistency of the semantic hierarchy by effectively combining the deeper information in the encoding stage with the shallower information. This two modules can establish a close connection between the encoder and decoder by exploring multi-scale global contextual information to solve the semantic divide problem, thus it significantly improves the segmentation performance of the network. The experimental results show that the improvement is effective, and the MCCT-UNet model outperforms the other 9 network models. Specifically, the MCCT-UNet achieved a Dice coefficient of 0.8734, an IoU of 0.7854, and an accuracy of 0.9977, demonstrating significant improvements over the compared models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences","volume":"36 9","pages":"Article 102218"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}