Epidemiology and Health最新文献

Association between secondhand smoke exposure and incidence of metabolic syndrome: analyses of Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) data. 二手烟暴露与代谢综合征发病率之间的关系：韩国基因组和流行病学研究（KoGES）数据分析。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Epidemiology and Health Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2025041

Seungmi Choi, Sanghyuk Bea

{"title":"Association between secondhand smoke exposure and incidence of metabolic syndrome: analyses of Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) data.","authors":"Seungmi Choi, Sanghyuk Bea","doi":"10.4178/epih.e2025041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2025041","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Secondhand smoke exposure remains a major public health concern and is linked to various chronic diseases, including metabolic syndrome (MetS). Although smoking rates have declined, exposure to secondhand smoke remains common and poses significant health risks to non-smokers. This study investigated the association between secondhand smoke exposure and the incidence of MetS using longitudinal data from a community-based cohort in South Korea.Methods: We utilized data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, collected biennially between 2001 and 2020. Of 10,030 adults aged 40-69 years, a total of 3,042 never-smokers without pre-existing MetS were included. Secondhand smoke exposure was assessed through self-reported questionnaires. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for potential confounders.Results: During follow-up, 638 participants in the secondhand smoke exposure group developed MetS. Those exposed to secondhand smoke had a significantly higher risk of developing MetS compared to the non-exposed group (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.02-1.27). Among MetS components, secondhand smoke exposure was significantly associated with increased risks of hypertension (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.00-1.28) and hyperglycemia (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.03-1.37). Although home exposure was not significantly associated with MetS risk, workplace exposure to secondhand smoke demonstrated a dose-response relationship according to exposure frequency and duration.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that secondhand smoke exposure may increase the risk of developing MetS. These results underscore the importance of strengthening regulations on secondhand smoke in public places and raising social awareness of its detrimental effects on non-smokers.","PeriodicalId":48543,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health","volume":" ","pages":"e2025041"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144761848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cohort profile update: the Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) Biobank. 队列简介更新：韩国癌症预防研究ii （KCPS-II）生物库。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Epidemiology and Health Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2025040

Heejin Kimm, Keum Ji Jung, Wes Spiller, Yeun Soo Yang, So Young Kim, Min Young Park, Sun Mi Lee, Sun Ha Jee

{"title":"Cohort profile update: the Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) Biobank.","authors":"Heejin Kimm, Keum Ji Jung, Wes Spiller, Yeun Soo Yang, So Young Kim, Min Young Park, Sun Mi Lee, Sun Ha Jee","doi":"10.4178/epih.e2025040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2025040","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease have a substantial impact on mortality and global disease burden. The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) biobank was established to investigate these chronic diseases, with a particular focus on metabolic risk factors. Recently, genetic information reflecting diverse ancestries has been incorporated to support a precision medicine approach. These data can be leveraged to identify variation in causal effects among different ancestral groups, thereby informing the development of more effective, ancestry-specific treatments. From 2004 to 2013, baseline data were collected from 156,701 individuals aged 20-85 years, recruited from 18 health promotion centres across South Korea. Outcome data are routinely obtained from Statistics Korea (mortality data), the National Cancer Centre (cancer registry data), and the National Health Insurance Service (morbidity data). Additionally, new participants have been enrolled since 2022 as part of an ongoing expansion. This population-based cohort, enriched with genetic data, provides a robust foundation for research aimed at elucidating causal relationships in chronic disease.","PeriodicalId":48543,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health","volume":" ","pages":"e2025040"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144761849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The 2019 Rio Grande Birth Cohort: profile of a Brazilian 5-year study on mental health conditions. 2019年里约热内卢大出生队列：巴西一项为期5年的心理健康状况研究概况

IF 2.2 4区医学

Epidemiology and Health Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2025039

Rafaela Costa Martins, Francine Dos Santos Costa, Cauane Blumenberg, Thais Martins-Silva, Romina Buffarini, Juraci Almeida Cesar, Christian Loret de Mola

{"title":"The 2019 Rio Grande Birth Cohort: profile of a Brazilian 5-year study on mental health conditions.","authors":"Rafaela Costa Martins, Francine Dos Santos Costa, Cauane Blumenberg, Thais Martins-Silva, Romina Buffarini, Juraci Almeida Cesar, Christian Loret de Mola","doi":"10.4178/epih.e2025039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2025039","url":null,"abstract":"We established the 2019 Rio Grande birth cohort to investigate the life course epidemiology of mental health and its intergenerational transmission. In 2019, we systematically identified all hospital births in the city of Rio Grande, located in Southern Brazil. Mothers who delivered a singleton liveborn child were administered a standardized, face-to-face questionnaire. In 2020, we conducted 2 follow-up assessments (WebCOVID-19 1 and 2), a third in 2021-22 (WebCOVID-19-3), and a fourth in 2023-24 (WebPOST-COVID). Across these follow-ups, we collected data on sociodemographic, environmental, and behavioral factors pertaining to both mother and child, as well as maternal mental health. Child mental health and development were specifically evaluated during the fourth follow-up. At baseline, 2,051 mothers were interviewed. Response rates for the online follow-ups were 54.1%, 51.1%, 48.7%, and 34.6%, respectively. In WebCOVID-19-3, the highest prevalence rates for depression (34.7%) and anxiety (33.1%) were observed. This cohort provides novel insights into maternal mental health, child development, and post-COVID-19 behaviors, emphasizing culturally specific risk factors. Our findings are based on both published and ongoing studies. Data may be requested upon reasonable request.","PeriodicalId":48543,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health","volume":" ","pages":"e2025039"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144709491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a beverage type-specific analysis using KNHANES. 含糖饮料消费与代谢功能障碍相关的脂肪变性肝病：一项使用KNHANES的饮料类型特异性分析

IF 2.2 4区医学

Epidemiology and Health Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2025038

Hong Jae Jeon, Woo Sun Rou, Seok Hyun Kim, Byung Seok Lee, Ha Neul Kim, Hei-Gwon Choi, Jaehee Seo, Hyuk Soo Eun, Sukyoung Jung

{"title":"Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a beverage type-specific analysis using KNHANES.","authors":"Hong Jae Jeon, Woo Sun Rou, Seok Hyun Kim, Byung Seok Lee, Ha Neul Kim, Hei-Gwon Choi, Jaehee Seo, Hyuk Soo Eun, Sukyoung Jung","doi":"10.4178/epih.e2025038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2025038","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most prevalent liver disease. Evidence indicates a relationship between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and MASLD development; however, the effects of specific SSB types on MASLD remain underexplored. This study investigated the association between consumption of 3 distinct types of SSBs and MASLD in Korean adults.Methods: We analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2012-2016, including 8,310 participants aged 40-64 years. SSB consumption (soft drinks, fruit drinks, and Korean traditional drinks) was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. MASLD was defined as a hepatic steatosis index ≥36 in the presence of any cardiometabolic risk factor. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for relevant covariates.Results: Compared to non-drinkers, consumption of soft drinks (≥3 servings/week) was associated with higher odds of MASLD (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.02-1.81, p-trend=0.03), while consumption of Korean traditional drinks (≥3 servings/week) was associated with lower odds of MASLD (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.45-0.89, p-trend=0.01). No association was found between fruit drink consumption and MASLD. In sex-stratified analysis (p-interaction = 0.38), an inverse association between Korean traditional drinks and MASLD was observed in men (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.34-0.95, p-trend=0.03), but not in women (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.45-1.14, p-trend=0.17).Conclusion: Consuming soft drinks at least 3 times per week was positively associated with MASLD, whereas an equivalent intake of Korean traditional drinks was inversely associated with MASLD.","PeriodicalId":48543,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health","volume":" ","pages":"e2025038"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144709490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Health literacy in Korea: findings from the 2023 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. 韩国的健康素养：来自2023年韩国国民健康和营养检查调查的结果。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Epidemiology and Health Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2025037

Sunhye Choi, Yukyeong Kang, Hyejin Kim, Kyungwon Oh

{"title":"Health literacy in Korea: findings from the 2023 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.","authors":"Sunhye Choi, Yukyeong Kang, Hyejin Kim, Kyungwon Oh","doi":"10.4178/epih.e2025037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2025037","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aimed to assess health literacy and identify vulnerable groups, providing a basis for developing health policies aimed at improving health literacy, using data from the 2023 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).Methods: The health literacy measurement tool used in the 2023 KNHANES comprised a total of 10 items spanning the domains of disease prevention, health promotion, healthcare, and technology and resources. Health literacy was analyzed in relation to sociodemographic characteristics and major health behaviors among 5,906 adults aged 19 years or older, using the SAS program.Results: As of 2023, the overall prevalence of adequate health literacy among adults was 60.4%. Adequate health literacy was higher in women (62.2%) than in men (58.6%). Younger individuals exhibited higher levels of health literacy, with those aged 19-64 years at 65.9%, compared to only 40.3% among those aged 65 or older. Higher income and education levels were also associated with greater health literacy. Regarding health behavior characteristics, individuals practicing healthy lifestyles, such as non-smoking, engaging in physical activity, and undergoing health checkups, demonstrated higher health literacy than those who did not engage in such behaviors.Conclusion: Six out of 10 Korean adults demonstrated adequate health literacy, but significant differences were observed according to sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., age and education) and health behaviors (e.g., smoking and physical activity). Tailored education and policy initiatives are necessary to improve health literacy, particularly targeting older adults, low-income groups, individuals with lower education, and those who do not practice healthy lifestyles.","PeriodicalId":48543,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health","volume":" ","pages":"e2025037"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144601967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Associations of self-rated health, depression, and work ability with employee control over working time. 自评健康、抑郁和工作能力与员工工作时间控制的关系。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Epidemiology and Health Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2025036

Heejoo Ko, Seong-Sik Cho, Jaesung Choi, Mo-Yeol Kang

{"title":"Associations of self-rated health, depression, and work ability with employee control over working time.","authors":"Heejoo Ko, Seong-Sik Cho, Jaesung Choi, Mo-Yeol Kang","doi":"10.4178/epih.e2025036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2025036","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Work-time control (WTC), defined as employees' ability to influence their work schedules, is a crucial determinant of work-life balance and well-being. This study aims to evaluate the associations between WTC and health-related outcomes among Korean workers and examine potential effect modifications by working hours and shift work status.Methods: This study analyzed data from the 2024 wave of the Korean Work, Sleep, and Health Study, a nationwide panel study of workers aged 19 to 70 years (n=5,195). WTC was measured using a 6-item scale, and participants were categorized into low (≤12) or high (>12) WTC groups. Outcomes included self-rated health (SRH), depression (measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and work ability (WA, measured by the Work Ability Index). Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for poor SRH, moderate-to-severe depression, and poor WA, adjusting for demographic and occupational variables. Subgroup analyses assessed effect modifications by working hours and shift work.Results: Higher WTC was associated with lower odds of poor SRH (OR, 0.730; 95% CI, 0.618 to 0.863), moderate-to-severe depression (OR, 0.710; 95% CI, 0.606 to 0.833), and poor WA (OR, 0.624; 95% CI, 0.463 to 0.841). These associations were significant among daytime workers but not shift workers. The protective effects of WTC were attenuated among workers exceeding 52 hours/week.Conclusion: Higher WTC is associated with better health and work outcomes, emphasizing its importance for employee well-being. However, its benefits may be limited among shift workers and employees working excessive hours.","PeriodicalId":48543,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health","volume":" ","pages":"e2025036"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144601966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Occurrence rate and estimated economic burden of pulp and periapical disease treatment among Korean older adults: a national population-based retrospective study. 韩国老年人牙髓和根尖周疾病治疗的发生率和估计经济负担：一项基于全国人群的回顾性研究

IF 2.2 4区医学

Epidemiology and Health Pub Date : 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2025035

Hyeonjeong Go, Masae Kuboniwa, Youn-Hee Choi

{"title":"Occurrence rate and estimated economic burden of pulp and periapical disease treatment among Korean older adults: a national population-based retrospective study.","authors":"Hyeonjeong Go, Masae Kuboniwa, Youn-Hee Choi","doi":"10.4178/epih.e2025035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2025035","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Maintaining healthy dentition is essential for the overall health of older adults. Treatment of pulp and periapical disease (PPD) is crucial for preserving teeth. This study assessed the occurrence rate and economic burden of PPD treatment in an older Korean population.Methods: Data were obtained for adults aged ≥ 65 years from the Korean National Health Insurance Services from 2014 to 2018. The occurrence rate was defined as the proportion of individuals who received ≥1 PPD treatment. The economic burden was estimated using both direct and indirect expenditures, calculated from a societal perspective. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate yearly trends in occurrence rate and economic burden.Results: Direct costs, which included insured and non-insured medical expenses, ranged from $13.79 to $10.47 million. Indirect costs, comprising transportation and time costs, ranged from $0.89 to $0.80 million. Total costs declined from $14.68 to $11.36 million. The occurrence rate of PPD treatment decreased significantly from 1.24% to 0.91% (p<0.05). The economic burden also demonstrated a statistically significant downward trend, with total PPD costs decreasing from 0.00099% to 0.00066% of Korea's GDP, and from 0.63% to 0.30% of the annual total dental care benefit costs between 2014 and 2018 (p<0.05).Conclusion: The occurrence rate and estimated economic burden of PPD treatment significantly decreased among older Korean adults from 2014 to 2018. Conservative approaches to tooth preservation contribute to more effective oral health policies and help reduce the economic burden of oral disease treatments in an aging society.","PeriodicalId":48543,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health","volume":" ","pages":"e2025035"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144601969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identifying adverse reactions following COVID-19 vaccination from data collected through active surveillance: a text mining approach. 根据主动监测收集的数据确定COVID-19疫苗接种后的不良反应：文本挖掘方法。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Epidemiology and Health Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2025034

Hye Ah Lee, Bomi Park, Chung Ho Kim, Yeonjae Kim, Hyunjin Park, Seunghee Jun, Hyelim Lee, Seunghyun Lewis Kwon, Yesul Heo, Hyungmin Lee, Hyesook Park

{"title":"Identifying adverse reactions following COVID-19 vaccination from data collected through active surveillance: a text mining approach.","authors":"Hye Ah Lee, Bomi Park, Chung Ho Kim, Yeonjae Kim, Hyunjin Park, Seunghee Jun, Hyelim Lee, Seunghyun Lewis Kwon, Yesul Heo, Hyungmin Lee, Hyesook Park","doi":"10.4178/epih.e2025034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2025034","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Unstructured text data collected through vaccine safety surveillance systems can identify previously unreported adverse reactions and provide critical information to enhance these systems. This study explored adverse reactions using text data collected through an active surveillance system following COVID-19 vaccination.Methods: We performed text mining on 2,608 and 2,054 records from 2 survey seasons (2023-2024 and 2024-2025), in which participants reported health conditions experienced within 7 days of vaccination using free-text responses. Frequency analysis was conducted to identify key terms, followed by subgroup analyses by sex, age, and concomitant influenza vaccination. In addition, semantic network analysis was used to examine terms reported together.Results: The analysis identified several common (≥1%) adverse events, such as respiratory symptoms, sleep disturbances, lumbago, and indigestion, which had not been frequently noted in prior literature. Moreover, less frequent (≥0.1% to <1%) adverse reactions affecting the eyes, ears, and oral cavity were also detected. These adverse reactions did not differ significantly in frequency based on the presence or absence of simultaneous influenza vaccination. Co-occurrence analysis and estimation of correlation coefficients further revealed associations between frequently co-reported symptoms.Conclusion: This study utilized text mining to uncover previously unrecognized adverse reactions associated with COVID-19 vaccination, thereby broadening our understanding of the vaccine's safety profile. The insights obtained may inform future investigations into vaccine-related adverse reactions and improve the processing of text data in surveillance systems.","PeriodicalId":48543,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health","volume":" ","pages":"e2025034"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144601968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatial patterns of laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis in northeastern Peninsular Malaysia, 2016-2023. 2016-2023年马来西亚半岛东北部实验室确诊钩端螺旋体病的空间格局

IF 2.2 4区医学

Epidemiology and Health Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2025030

Hazlienor Mohd Hatta, Kamarul Imran Musa, Nik Mohd Hafiz Mohd Fuzi, Paula Moraga

{"title":"Spatial patterns of laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis in northeastern Peninsular Malaysia, 2016-2023.","authors":"Hazlienor Mohd Hatta, Kamarul Imran Musa, Nik Mohd Hafiz Mohd Fuzi, Paula Moraga","doi":"10.4178/epih.e2025030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2025030","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Leptospirosis presents significant public health challenges in endemic regions such as north-eastern Peninsular Malaysia. Spatial analysis is essential for visualising disease incidence and distribution, assessing vulnerability based on geographical and socio-economic factors, and ultimately informing targeted interventions, optimising resource allocation, and enhancing surveillance strategies. This study aimed to determine the incidence and characterise the spatial distribution of leptospirosis in Kelantan, Malaysia.Methods: All laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis cases reported in Kelantan between 2016 and 2023 were extracted from the Communicable Disease Control Information System (CDCIS) e-Notifikasi online database. Spatial analyses were performed using the spatstat, spdep, and ggplot2 packages within the RStudio integrated development environment.Results: The analysis encompassed 1534 laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis cases. The average crude annual incidence of leptospirosis cases per 1000 population from 2016 to 2023 was 0.101 (95% CI: 0.038, 0.164). Incidence varied considerably across districts and subdistricts, initially higher in the north but declining over time, while consistently high and increasing incidence was observed in the southern region. Significant clustering of leptospirosis cases occurred throughout the studied years, except during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hotspots were initially prevalent in northern areas but later emerged in south-eastern and southern regions. Significant spatial autocorrelation evolved from high-low to high-high clusters, particularly evident in central and southern regions.Conclusion: This study provides valuable local epidemiological and spatial insights into the endemicity of leptospirosis. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions and continued surveillance to effectively mitigate the leptospirosis burden in endemic areas.","PeriodicalId":48543,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health","volume":" ","pages":"e2025030"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Safety of combination therapy of azilsartan medoxomil and amlodipine: a population-based cohort study. 阿齐沙坦美多索米和氨氯地平联合治疗的安全性：一项基于人群的队列研究。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Epidemiology and Health Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2025029

Hyesung Lee, Bin Hong, Chris Tzu-Ting Su, Sungho Bea, Han Eol Jeong, Kyungyeon Jung, Michael Chun-Yuan Cheng, Zoe Chi-Jui Chang, Edward Chia-Cheng Lai, Jongyoung Lee

{"title":"Safety of combination therapy of azilsartan medoxomil and amlodipine: a population-based cohort study.","authors":"Hyesung Lee, Bin Hong, Chris Tzu-Ting Su, Sungho Bea, Han Eol Jeong, Kyungyeon Jung, Michael Chun-Yuan Cheng, Zoe Chi-Jui Chang, Edward Chia-Cheng Lai, Jongyoung Lee","doi":"10.4178/epih.e2025029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2025029","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study investigated the safety of azilsartan and amlodipine combination therapy versus other angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and amlodipine in patients with hypertension.Methods: We conducted a cohort study utilizing healthcare databases from South Korea and Taiwan. Patients aged between 18 and 75 years who were newly prescribed both an ARB and amlodipine within 6 months of hypertension diagnosis were included. Safety outcomes assessed were hypotension, angioedema, acute pancreatitis, hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, toxic liver disease, hepatic failure, nausea and vomiting, and fall-related injury. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each safety outcome associated with azilsartan medoxomil and amlodipine versus other ARBs combined with amlodipine were calculated within a 1:1 propensity score (PS)-matched cohort. Summary HRs across databases were computed using random-effects meta-analysis.Results: We identified 2,472 eligible patients (1,521 from Korea, 951 from Taiwan) initiating treatment with azilsartan medoxomil and amlodipine, and 671,468 patients (312,322 from Korea, 355,409 from Taiwan) initiating other ARBs with amlodipine. After PS matching, baseline characteristics were well-balanced between treatment groups. During the 180-day follow-up, most adverse outcomes did not occur even once in either group, thus precluding the calculation of HRs. The risk of acute pancreatitis was not significantly different between the azilsartan medoxomil and amlodipine group and the other ARB and amlodipine groups (summary HR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.14-5.37]).Conclusion: In this population-based cohort study, azilsartan medoxomil combined with amlodipine was not associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes compared to other ARBs combined with amlodipine.","PeriodicalId":48543,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Health","volume":" ","pages":"e2025029"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0