Аграрный научный журнал最新文献

{"title":"Experimental studies of reinforced clay bases of logging roads","authors":"Olga Nikolaevna Burmistrova, Albert Masugutovich Burgonutdinov, Vladimir Ivanovich Kleveko","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp147-153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp147-153","url":null,"abstract":"The construction and operation of logging roads often takes place in unfavorable engineering and geological conditions. Very often, clayey soils with poor physical, mechanical and strength characteristics lie in the bases of logging roads. Improving these soil characteristics is an urgent task. For this purpose, reinforcement of soil bases with the help of geotextile materials is used. Most often, a horizontal arrangement of reinforcing geosynthetic layers is used. To date, there are a large number of studies of reinforced soil structures of logging roads, but they mainly concern the use of geosynthetics in sandy soils. Research in clayey soils is not enough. Therefore, experimental studies of the operation of reinforced foundations in clayey soils were carried out. The paper presents the results of stamp tests of clay soils reinforced with horizontal reinforcing layers. The studies were carried out in two stages. At the first stage, stamp model studies were performed, which made it possible to establish the optimal designs of reinforced clay bases. Based on the results of this stage, a single-layer horizontal reinforcing layer of geosynthetic material with a tensile rigidity of 2100 kN/m, an outer diameter equal to three stamp diameters, located at a depth equal to 0.25 stamp diameters was selected. The base soil was soft plastic clay. At the second stage, field stamping tests of the reinforced and non-reinforced clay base were performed. To study the stress-strain base, pressure sensors were selected to measure vertical normal stresses and a measuring system for their registration. Vertical displacements at various points of the active zone of soil foundations were evaluated by soil marks having a wire connection with deflection meters. The results of stamp tests showed that the bearing capacity of the reinforced base is 1.5 times higher than the bearing capacity of the unreinforced base. The deformation modulus of the reinforced base is 1.18 times higher than the unreinforced base in the load range from 0 to 100 kPa. The reinforcing layer is included in the work when the precipitation of the stamp is more than 30 mm. The stress-strain state of a reinforced base has significant differences from an unreinforced one. The reinforcing layer significantly reduces vertical stresses in the upper part of the active zone of the base, by an average of 22%/. The experimental stamp tests carried out made it possible to obtain a qualitative and quantitative picture of the operation of reinforced clay bases of logging roads.","PeriodicalId":485427,"journal":{"name":"Аграрный научный журнал","volume":"14 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135219159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The fungicides effectiveness in soybean cultivation under irrigation in the conditions of the Central Caucasus","authors":"Olga Georgievna Shabaldas, Konstantin Igorevich Pimonov, Anna Petrovna Shutko, Yulia Aleksandrovna Bezgina","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp80-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp80-86","url":null,"abstract":"Studies conducted in 2018-2020 allowed us to determine the best protection system and biological effectiveness of fungicides when growing soybeans under irrigation in the conditions of the Central Caucasus. Soybeans were grown on ordinary chernozem after winter wheat on the basis of LLC \"Agrosakhar\" (Izobilnensky district, Stavropol Territory). Irrigation was carried out by sprinkling. Phytoexpertize of soybean seeds before sowing revealed the presence of infection represented by fungi from the genera: Alternaria, Ascochyta, Fusarium, Peronospora, Sclerotinia, Septoria, and bacteria from the genera: Xanthomonas, Pseudomonas. Fungicides were used for seed etching: Maxim, KS; Delit Pro, KS; TMTD, VSK; Protect,KS. During the budding phase, the crops were treated with fungicides Optimo, CS and Acanto Plus, CS. The maximum effectiveness in the fight against fusarium was established when seeds were treated with the fungicide Delit Pro, CS (0.5 l /t) – the prevalence of fusarium decreased by 82.0, and the development of the disease by 70.4%. The fungicide Acanto Plus, CS (0.6 l/ha) was more effective compared to the standard by an average of 5.7–12.4%. Combined application of seed pickling Divides Pro, CS (0.5 l /t), and the treatment of crops in the budding phase with the fungicide Acanto Plus, CS (0.6 l /ha) was characterized by the greatest effect: the number of plants affected by peronosporosis decreased by 84.3% and the development of the disease decreased by 81.2%. The greatest biological effect in the fight against soybean bacteriosis was after seed etching with TMTD, VSK (6 l/t) and treatment of vegetative plants with Acanto Plus fungicide, CS (0.6 l/ha), the prevalence of bacteriosis decreased by 69.4%, and development - by 39.8%. In this variant, the highest yield of soybean seeds was obtained at 3.36 t/ha, which is more than the control variant by 0.64 t/ha and more than the standard by 0.11 t/ha. The profitability of growing soybean seeds using the studied protection systems, depending on the fungicides used, varied from 89.7 (Protect, CS (2.0 l/t); Optimo, CS (0.5 l/ha)) up to 103.4% (TMTD, VSK (6.0 l/t); Acanto Plus, CS (0.6 l/ha)).","PeriodicalId":485427,"journal":{"name":"Аграрный научный журнал","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135219161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the elements of chickpea cultivation technology in the conditions of the dry steppe Trans-Volga region","authors":"Konstantin Evgenievich Denisov, Fedor Petrovich Chetverikov, Nursultan Nurlanovich Taspaev, Natalia Anatolievna Kharlamova","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp38-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp38-41","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of various types of seed inoculation and the timing of micronutrient application on the structure of the crop and the productivity of chickpeas was analyzed. An assessment of the effectiveness of the applied agricultural practices was carried out. It was revealed that the structure of chickpea yield directly depends on the treatment of seeds with inoculants and foliar feeding of plants.","PeriodicalId":485427,"journal":{"name":"Аграрный научный журнал","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135218857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular genetic and biotechnological innovative methods in modern animal husbandry (review)","authors":"Adilya Kamilevna Sibgatullova, Anisa Ildarovna Daminova, Larisa Pavlovna Padilo, Alexander Mefodievich Semivolos","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp128-133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp128-133","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents molecular genetic and biotechnological innovative methods of modern animal husbandry. The transition of animal husbandry to an innovative way of development poses new challenges to zootechnical and veterinary science, education and conceptually changes approaches to the creation of new highly productive breeds of farm animals. New innovative methods and technologies allow specialists to monitor the condition of the herd in real time, prevent outbreaks of infectious diseases and optimize animal feeding, breeding and veterinary work to improve the safety of animal life.","PeriodicalId":485427,"journal":{"name":"Аграрный научный журнал","volume":"179 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135219013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation and dynamics of soil properties of ordinary chernozem in the Saratov region","authors":"Maxim Anatolievich Larkin, Denis Ivanovich Gubarev, Mikhail Yurievich Nesvetayev, Andrey Andreevich Vaigant","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp47-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp47-53","url":null,"abstract":"Based on data from an agrochemical survey using GIS technologies at test site No. 2 in 2009-2016 within the framework of the general scheme of soil-ecological monitoring of the Saratov region, an assessment was made of the dynamics and spatial variation of soil properties of ordinary chernozem, depending on the steepness and exposure of the slope. Soil and agrochemical characteristics in conditions of a pronounced relief demonstrate a certain dependence on the location and are very variable over time. Soil sampling on an area of more than 2000 hectares using navigation equipment made it possible to obtain agrochemical cartograms in GIS and analyze them using zonal statistics, taking into account a digital elevation model. The spatial variability of soil properties is often lower in leveled areas or short transition sections of the slope, while the maximum variability is noted on steeper slopes. The highest values of indicators are typical for flat watershed surfaces, which are the most fertile, however, the closest relationship between humus and other agrochemical indicators was noted just on steeper slopes. The variability of fertility indicators on differently directed slopes was within 28–36 % for P2O5, 20 % for K2O, and 4–6 % for pH. The greatest differences in the variability of the polar slopes along the survey tours are noted for the content of humus in the soil. In 2009, the coefficient of variation was 19 and 30 %, and in 2016, 11 and 24 % on the slope of the northern and southern exposure, respectively. A retrospective analysis showed that the highest rates of decline were noted for the content of humus in the soil and the reaction of the environment on gently sloping slopes (by 2 and 1.5 times, respectively) relative to the average change in the massif. For mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, the maximum decrease was noted on gentle slopes.","PeriodicalId":485427,"journal":{"name":"Аграрный научный журнал","volume":"262 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135219015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of sprinklers from a resource-saving perspective","authors":"Larisa Anatolievna Zhuravleva","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp161-167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp161-167","url":null,"abstract":"Sprinklers created in the Soviet period and still widely used in the fields today, in many respects no longer meet modern requirements, do not guarantee high-quality watering and reliable operation. It is necessary to develop new design principles, concepts, new techniques and approaches, to clarify the required parameters and characteristics. It is important not only to modernize and restore the irrigation equipment in operation, but also to produce new reliable, high-quality machines. One of the current trends in the design of sprinklers is the principle of resource conservation. The article defines the directions of improvement of structural and technical parameters, presents the design concept depending on the operating conditions. The ways of reducing the metal consumption, and consequently the cost of machines, are considered. Obvious ways to reduce the metal consumption of machines include increasing the span between the trolleys and reducing the weight of the truss water belt by improving the design. Optimization of the truss water belt allowed to increase the span length by 22.1-33.8% with a slight increase in weight by 5.8-15.1%.","PeriodicalId":485427,"journal":{"name":"Аграрный научный журнал","volume":"8 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135219012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of systems of practices of basic tillage soil in combination with the use of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield of winter wheat varieties in the conditions of the Lower Volga region","authors":"Zakiulla Mtyullovich Azizov, Vladimir Viktorovich Arkhipov, Ildar Garifullovich Imashev, Larisa Borisovna Saifullina","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp4-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp4-13","url":null,"abstract":"
 Annotation.In the conditions of the arid steppe of the Lower Volga region, on the chernozems of the southern heavily carbonaceous in three-year field stationary three-factor experiments, the reaction of winter wheat varieties selected by the Federal State Budgetary Establishment \"FANC of the South-East\" was studied. Winter wheat was cultivated according to different systems of methods of basic tillage during the application of nitrogen fertilizer and without it. The maximum possible yield and the best economic and energy indicators for all varieties has the variant 4 with a system of combinations methods of basic tillage, where traditional moldboard treatment to a depth of 20...22 cm with a conventional reversible plow is carried out under spring wheat (28... 30 cm after one rotation of the crop rotation), finemoldboard treatment shallow dump processing to a depth of 14...16 cm with a topsoil plow bottom - under millet, disking in 2 passes to a depth of 8... 10 cm under a fallow. The largest yield (3.56 t/ha), the level of profitability (99.8 %), the lowest cost expenses per 1 ton of grain (5020.06 rubles/t), labor expenses (1.48 people-hour), fuel expenses (18.04 kg) and energy expenses (3346 MJ) has the ZhemchuzhinaPovolzhya variety.","PeriodicalId":485427,"journal":{"name":"Аграрный научный журнал","volume":"23 2-3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135219018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of beta-casein genotype in two generations in cows of the Kholmogory breed","authors":"Natalia Aleksandrovna Khudyakova, Olga Vasilievna Tulinova, Irina Sergeevna Kozhevnikova, Marina Aleksandrovna Kudrina, Alyona Andreevna Kondakova","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp134-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp134-139","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most effective ways to produce A2 milk is marker selection using the results of animal genotyping according to beta-casein genotypes, since A2 milk is produced only by cows with the A2A2 genotype. In this study, the inheritance of the beta-casein gene genotype in two generations of cows of the Kholmogory breed in \"Agrofirma \"Kholmogorskaya\" and \"Kholmogorskiy plemzavod\", Arkhangelsk region was studied. The A1 and A2 alleles of the beta-casein gene were determined by an allele-specific PCR method. As a result of the study, it was found out that the frequency of the A1 and A2 alleles of the beta-casein gene in daughter offspring and mother cows practically did not change in one generation (A1 allele from 53 to 54 % and A2 allele from 46 % to 47 %; A1 allele from 68 to 61 % and A2 allele from 32 to 39 %). This fact indicates the absence of breeding pressure. Since the task of modern animal husbandry is to create herds of the Kholmogory breed with the A2A2 genotype for the production of high-quality milk, then for further breeding, attention should be paid to animals with the A1A2 and A2A2 genotypes. Having modeled the selection in herds, that is, excluding mothers with the A1A1 genotype from reproduction, and calculating the distribution of genotypes of descendants in the remaining part of the maternal stock of both herds, it was found that the proportion of descendants with the A1A1 genotype decreases in farms, the relative number of heterozygous daughters in the breeding farm increased by 5.0 %, and in the agrofirm decreased by 6.3 %, but at the same time, the number of A2A2 daughters increased by 6.7 and 4.0 %, respectively.","PeriodicalId":485427,"journal":{"name":"Аграрный научный журнал","volume":"55 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135219024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of aerodynamics in combustion of vegetative waste on isothermal models","authors":"Mikhail Gennadievich Zagoruiko, Sergei Anatolievich Pavlov, Igor Andreevich Bashmakov","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp168-173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp168-173","url":null,"abstract":"Modern agricultural vehicles contain a large number of components, which include micro Abstract. Conventional furnaces using alternative fuels, such as vegetable waste (VW), are widely used instead of furnaces operating on conventional fuels. The furnaces aggregated with dryers of SZT and SP type are widely used in agriculture and food industry. Two models with a suspended bed were investigated: with flare-vortex and cyclone-vortex modes. The first model assumes the presence of an inclined grate in a rectangular chamber with a concentrated supply of secondary blast, primary blast with material is supplied above the grate in its lower part, and the second model assumes a cylindrical-shaped chamber with primary air inlet in the center and cyclonic secondary blast inlet at a certain height. This scheme is close to the first, only in the lower part of the model concentrated input of primary blast with material. The methodology of aerodynamics studies included: feeding of material from the hopper; material cutoff after steady-state mode; collection and weighing of fallen particles from the model; determination of the time of material presence in the model by labeled particles. Modeling of aerodynamics for different schemes of furnace process organization showed the possibility of creating two-span or single-span furnace blocks depending on the required operating mode. The results of comparative studies of aerodynamics of flare-vortex and cyclone-vortex modes are given. The results of comparative studies of aerodynamics of flare-vortex and cyclone-vortex modes are given. Optimal blowing parameters, secondary and primary air ratio, furnace design parameters contributing to the maximum specific volume heat stress are determined.","PeriodicalId":485427,"journal":{"name":"Аграрный научный журнал","volume":"40 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135219025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a system for testing electronic control units of agricultural machinery","authors":"Dmitry Vladmirovich Nazarenko, Vadim Evgenievich Bolshev, Maxim Aleksandrovich Mosyakov, Nikolay Georgievich Kinev, Evgeny Andreevich Ivliev, Denis Dmitrievich Medvedev, Andrey Romanovich Pasechnikov, Konstantin Andreevich Nikolaev","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp184-193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp184-193","url":null,"abstract":"Modern agricultural vehicles contain a large number of components, which include microcontrollers that implement various algorithms, so deviations and inaccuracies in their work naturally lead to failures and errors in the system as a whole. At the moment, manufacturers of agricultural machinery have in their arsenal relatively simple systems and testing methods that do not allow for a deep check of algorithms and their electronic components, so the development of a comprehensive system for testing electronic components is an urgent task. The article describes the development and operation of a testing system for setting up, testing and debugging the logic of the operation of existing and future (under development) electronic units, including control units from the on-board control system of agricultural machinery. In the process of work, methods of computer modeling, programming and software packages FreeCAD, CAD KOMPAS-3D v21 and SW4STM32 were used. The programming languages Python 3 and C/C++ were used to write the code. The result of the study is the development of a methodology and the manufacture of a prototype testing system (software and hardware complex), the practical use of which has shown its versatility and versatility. The developed system makes it possible to implement an analysis of the response of the control system to pre-designed test effects, to diagnose defects, breakdowns and malfunctions of the device, both in normal and emergency operating conditions. The system also allows you to simulate the emergency conditions of agricultural machinery and check the stability of the control device in limiting and emergency modes.","PeriodicalId":485427,"journal":{"name":"Аграрный научный журнал","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135219162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}