Аграрный научный журнал最新文献

{"title":"Life cycle management of agricultural machinery at the operational stage in the conditions of digitalization of production","authors":"Sergei Leonidovich Nikitchenko, Andrey Andreevich Kapkaev, Vasily Ivanovich Yukhnov, Maria Ilyinichna Mukonina","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp194-204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp194-204","url":null,"abstract":"In agriculture, machinery is an important production asset. Many industries manage the life cycle of machines in use with the help of EAM information systems, which reduce unproductive downtime. This is relevant for agricultural production, since there is often a low utilization rate of machine change time, and in the structure of non-productive time costs, up to 30% is downtime due to technical reasons. However, EAM systems are not popular in the domestic agro-engineering field, while they can be used to automate a set of engineering management tasks, and digital solutions based on them contain additional opportunities for the implementation of production reserves. The purpose of the presented study is to improve the efficiency of life cycle management of agricultural machinery at the operational stage using the EAM information system. The object of research is the stages of development and functionality of modern information systems CMMS and EAM, integration of EAM with digital economy tools; ways of adapting and improving EAM to the specifics of domestic agricultural production; an indicator of the overall efficiency of the OEE of agricultural machinery. The subject of research is the impact of digitalization on the functionality of EAM systems; the impact of EAM on the indicator of the overall efficiency of agricultural machinery (on the example of combine harvesters). The main stages in the development of EAM are identified, where after 2011 their integration with the tools of the digital economy is observed, which translates EAM into the category of intelligent systems for managing the technical condition of machines. Recommendations for adapting EAM to the conditions of domestic agribusiness are proposed. The reference value of the OEE indicator for ACROS combine harvesters was determined, equal to 47%, and the value in real operation is 19.1%. It has been theoretically established that when using the EAM system, the shift time utilization ratio increases by 20%, and the OEE of combines increases by 1.41 times due to the reduction of machine downtime for technical reasons.","PeriodicalId":485427,"journal":{"name":"Аграрный научный журнал","volume":"75 3-4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135219026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive capabilities seedless grape varieties in a sharply continental climate","authors":"Elena Vladimirovna Polukhina","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp54-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp54-59","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the study of winter hardiness, drought resistance, heat resistance of seedless grape varieties at the initial stages of culture development in a sharply continental climate. The purpose of the research was to study and identify promising highly adaptive seedless grape varieties with a complex of economically valuable traits for cultivation in arid conditions of the North-Western Caspian Sea. The objectives of the research included: determination of the degree of winter hardiness of introduced grape varieties; assessment of drought resistance and heat resistance of the studied seedless varieties. The research was carried out in 2021...2022 at the vineyard of the Precaspian agrarian federal scientific center of the Russian academy of sciences, located in the Chernoyarsk district of the Astrakhan region. The object of research was 16 seedless grape varieties planted in 2020. The Radiant variety, zoned in the Lower Volga region, was adopted as the standard. It was found that, on average, over two years of research, the maximum degree of winter hardiness was characterized by varieties Golden, Lucia, Rose and Century with the safety of eyes after overwintering from 61.4 to 70.9 %. Varieties Radiant, Azak, Attica, Aphrodite, Ballet, Veles, Zolotce, Iskander, Nakhodka, Neptune, Tangra, Himrod, Jupiter they had an average degree of winter hardiness – from 43.1 to 58.1 %. The varieties Azak, Attica, Ballet, Zolotce, Iskander, Lucia, Neptune, Himrod, Jupiter were characterized by maximum resistance to stress factors of the summer period in the third year of vegetation. The most heat-resistant varieties were Zolotce, Century, Himrod, Jupiter, which lost the least amount of water during wilting (24.2...28.6 %) and, to a greater extent, restored hydration at saturation (60.2...87.9 %).","PeriodicalId":485427,"journal":{"name":"Аграрный научный журнал","volume":"54 3-4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135219160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of the biochemical composition of blood in calves with different dynamics of live weight gain","authors":"Semyon Viktorovich Nikolaev","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp119-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp119-123","url":null,"abstract":"The biochemical markers of blood associated with the rate of body weight gain were studied in the work. For experimental work, 30 calves on the 1st and 14th day after birth received venous blood and conducted laboratory tests. At the time of birth, as well as after 6 months of cultivation, the live weight of young an-imals was determined and the average daily increase was calculated. It was found that on the first day after birth in intensively growing animals, the activity of AlAT was lower by 56.6% (P?0.01), and AsAT by 45.4% (P?0.05), in relation to the indicators of young animals with a low rate of weight gain. Similarly, calves with intensive growth had a higher concentration of VSNMM in plasma by 30.4...48.4% (P?0.001) and 37.1...48.6% (P?0.01) in blood. On day 14, the biochemical profile of calves with low growth rates was characterized by a higher activity of alkaline phosphatase (by 27.4...46.6%; P<0.05), whereas in intensively growing young calves a higher level of calcium was observed (by 5.9%; P<0.05). The analysis of correlations showed that on the first day after birth, there was a pronounced relationship between the growth rate in relation to the activity of AsAT (-0.510) and AlAT (-0.497), iron concentration (-0.650) and VSNMM in blood plasma (0.626). Subsequently, the connection of these markers weakened, and the growth rate of calves was more dependent on the activity of alkaline phosphatase. So on the 14th day of postnatal ontogenesis, the correlation between the increase in live weight and enzyme activity was -0.744. Thus, it can be concluded that the activity of alkaline phosphatase is the most promising biochemical marker associated with the dynamics of body weight gain.","PeriodicalId":485427,"journal":{"name":"Аграрный научный журнал","volume":"52 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135218854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical substantiation of optimal geometric parameters of the nozzle of a jet fan rain-forming nozzle for watering champignons","authors":"Irek Railevich Azizov, Alexey Vladimirovich Rusinov, Svetlana Valentinovna Chumakova, Sergey Aleksandrovich Anisimov","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp140-146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp140-146","url":null,"abstract":"The materials of the article consider theoretical studies of optimal geometric parameters of the nozzle of a jet fan rain-forming nozzle for watering champignons and experimental substantiation of the results obtained.","PeriodicalId":485427,"journal":{"name":"Аграрный научный журнал","volume":"8 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135218856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digestibility of nutrients in the calves' diet depending on the level of selenium and cobalt asparaginate nanoparticles","authors":"Ivan Isaevich Kalyuzhny, Sergey Petrovich Moskalenko, Vladimir Vasilievich Salautin, Sergey Olegovich Loshchinin, Maxim Yurievich Kuznetsov","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp115-118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp115-118","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the uneven distribution of minerals in the soil, the territory of the Russian Federation is divided into biogeochemical provinces. The Saratov region is deficient in cobalt, selenium is at the lower limit of the norm. The article examines the influence of a mineral feed additive consisting of nanoparticles of selenium and cobalt aspartate (OMEK-Co) on the digestibility of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates by calves when drinking milk. The authors established a reliable and positive effect of the studied feed additive on the digestibility and assimilability of nutrients. The increase in digestibility coefficients in calves of the experimental groups is associated with the intake of selenium and cobalt in the body in quantities that provide the required level for growth and development, since all other factors of feeding and housing conditions were the same.","PeriodicalId":485427,"journal":{"name":"Аграрный научный журнал","volume":"AES-6 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135218860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slaughter and meat indicators of crossbred young sheep of various genotypes","authors":"Vladislav Vladimirovich Svetlov, Alexey Yurievich Saenko, Alexey Vyacheslavovich Molchanov, Irina Aleksandrovna Sazonova, Sergey Nikolaevich Chemodankin","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp124-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp124-127","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents an experiment on the industrial crossing of the Edilbaev sheep of the meat -prayer for productivity with Kuibyshev and Dorper meat breeds. In the experiment, a comparative analysis of slaughter indicators, as well as the morphological and varietal composition of carcasses of crossbred young sheep of different genotypes (Ed ? D, Ed ? Кb) was carried out. The obtained results showed the superiority of crossbred rams of the Edilbaev breed and the Dorper breed (Ed ? D) over the rams of the Edilbaev breed and the Kuibyshev breed (Ed ? Kb) in a number of indicators characterizing the meat productivity of sheep.","PeriodicalId":485427,"journal":{"name":"Аграрный научный журнал","volume":"10 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135219014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the potential for natural reforestation after clearing cuttings in the territory of the Tyumen forestry","authors":"Anastasiya Vladimirovna Kastornova, Sergey Vladimirovich Fokin, Olga Aleksandrovna Fomina","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp174-178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp174-178","url":null,"abstract":"A survey of forest areas passed through cuttings on the territory of the West Siberian subtaiga-forest-steppe plain forest region was carried out. Peculiarities of seed regeneration of Scotch pine in clear-cut areas are considered. It has been established that viable, small and medium height undergrowth, 0.35-0.7 m high, of medium density, without damage - 45-55% of the total amount of undergrowth, aged 3-4 years, prevails in the clearings. There is a resumption of the accompanying tree species - birch in the amount of 200 pieces / ha with an average height of 0.7 m. core rot. According to the method of accounting and evaluation of natural reforestation, the identified amount of viable undergrowth of Scotch pine in the studied clearings indicates that natural reforestation at this stage of development is not satisfactory in all areas. As a result of the analysis carried out, forestry activities related to the promotion of natural reforestation were outlined.","PeriodicalId":485427,"journal":{"name":"Аграрный научный журнал","volume":"43 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135219016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of effect of antioxidants and dietary fibres on microbiological and physico-chemical properties of meat semi-finished products","authors":"Irina Sergeevna Kiseleva, Natalia Vladimirovna Gorbunova","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp179-183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp179-183","url":null,"abstract":"Statistics show that 60-70% of the country's population has a constant deficiency of essential substances, especially vitamin C, 40-60% have a lack of ?-carotene, 30-40% of the population suffer from a lack of vitamins of groups B and E, and in several regions a serious lack of selenium, iodine and fiber has been identified. One of the possible solutions is the selection of promising sources of meat raw materials with high hygienic, functional and technological indicators and the development of functional meat products using antioxidants of vegetable origin and dietary fiber.","PeriodicalId":485427,"journal":{"name":"Аграрный научный журнал","volume":"42 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135219020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of various tillage technologies on soil fertility, weed infestation and crop productivity in crop rotation","authors":"Vera Alekseevna Svirina, Vitaly Gennadievich Chernogaev","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp66-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp66-73","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of research for the third rotation of crop rotation (2008-2015), conducted on the basis of the ISA - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution FNAC VIM in the conditions of the Ryazan region, the influence of various tillage technologies on the fertility of podzolized chernozem, weediness of crops and productivity of crop rotation crops was established. The smallest number of weeds was observed in the variants with combined treatments - up to 11.2-12.9 pcs/m? against the background of the use of herbicides and 21.3-19.6 pcs/m? against the unprotected background, which is lower compared to the control by 19.4-7.2 % in variants with protection and by 28.3-34.0 % in variants without protection. Also in these variants, a decrease in the wet weight of weeds was observed - by 13.5-15.2 % against the background with herbicides, respectively, while against the background without protection, an increase in wet weight was observed by 21.6-11.8 %, respectively. With flat-cut tillage, an increase in weed infestation to 16.2 pcs/m? with herbicides and 37.9 pcs/m? on an untreated background, as well as a wet weight of weeds up to 110.4-108.2 g/m?, respectively, was noted. The maximum amount of digestible forms of nitrate nitrogen is observed when using deep combined treatments up to 7.5-8.1 mg/kg of soil. The greatest increase in the content of humus in the soil layer of 0-30 cm was noted according to the results of the use of 2-tier tillage – up to 3.99 %, which exceeds the initial value by 0.38 %. The highest yield was obtained when using different-depth treatments – 5.19 t/ha without protection and 5.45-5.52 t/ha with the use of herbicides. The maximum productivity of grain crops was also obtained in variants with combined treatments and amounts to 5.93 thousand feed units/ha against the background without protection, and 6.50 thousand feed units/ha against the background of chemicalization.","PeriodicalId":485427,"journal":{"name":"Аграрный научный журнал","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135219022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive potential of winter triticale varieties in arid conditions of the Northern Caspian","authors":"Valentina Aleksandrovna Fedorova","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i9pp52-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i9pp52-58","url":null,"abstract":"In the semi-desert zone of the north-west of the Astrakhan region in 2020-2022, studies on agroecological variety testing of promising winter triticale varieties were conducted on the rainfed field of the Pre-Caspian Arid Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The purpose of the research is to determine the parameters of adaptability of highly productive varieties of winter triticale for cultivation in arid conditions of the Northern Caspian Sea. There were five varieties of domestic selection in the work (Testament, Zimogor, PRAG-152, Sergius and Forte). Records, observations and analyses were carried out according to the methodology of the State Audit, the methodology of B.A. Dospekhov was used for statistical processing; the methodology of S.A. Eberhart and W.A. Russell was used to calculate the parameters of adaptability, as presented by V.A. Zykin and others. The article presents the parameters of adaptability of the studied varieties in years with varying degrees of moisture: regression coefficient (bi), variance (HCP05), stress resistance (Ymin - Ymax), genetic flexibility (Ymax+Ymin)/2), stability (S2i). Depending on the behavior of varieties in various meteorological growing conditions, a promising high-yielding (2.64 t/ha) winter triticale Forte variety with high genetic flexibility (2.57) was identified. The selected Forte variety has good plasticity (the linear regression coefficient is above one - 1.13) and genetic stability (S2i = 0.006), therefore it can be recommended for industrial cultivation in difficult arid conditions of the semi-desert of the Northern Caspian.","PeriodicalId":485427,"journal":{"name":"Аграрный научный журнал","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135924015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}