Nutrition Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"A Narrative Review of Candidate Biomarkers of Total Fruit and Vegetable Intake.","authors":"Matthew P Madore, Seoeun Ahn, Kijoon Kim, Kunsun Eom, Myoung Hoon Jung, HyunSeok Moon, Jin-Young Park, Ock K Chun","doi":"10.1111/nbu.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nbu.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While an abundance of cohort studies has suggested that greater consumption of fruits and vegetables (FVs) is associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases, current self-report based dietary assessment tools are susceptible to biases that can reduce their accuracy in estimating dietary intakes, and consequently, the risk estimates obtained from this research. As a result, considerable attention has been directed towards the identification and validation of dietary biomarkers, which represent a more objective method for estimating FV intake and have the potential to improve the validity of future epidemiological studies concerning FV intake and its relationship with health outcomes. Several biomarkers, including urinary potassium, flavonoids, hippuric acid, serum/plasma and erythrocyte folate, serum/plasma vitamin C, and blood and skin carotenoids, appear to offer promise as FV intake biomarkers. However, many possess important limitations that have not been thoroughly explored and addressed, and continued efforts are being made to discover others that may offer further advantages in relation to the cost, ease, and invasiveness of measurement methods. Therefore, this review seeks to discuss the characteristics of a reliable FV intake biomarker, describe and detail the benefits and limitations of existing candidates, and highlight areas where further research may be required.</p>","PeriodicalId":48536,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faecal Attraction: 40 Years of Research in Gut Microbiology.","authors":"Glenn R Gibson","doi":"10.1111/nbu.70052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nbu.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article summarises the 2025 British Nutrition Foundation Annual Lecture given on 25/11/25. It overviews aspects of research in anaerobic microbiology, principally involving the human gut. Until October 2025, Gibson was Professor of Food Microbiology at the University of Reading. His research investigated gut microbiome interactions and dietary intervention. The latter included human studies in healthy persons, patients with gut-related disorders, at-risk populations and specialist groups like sportspersons and those in the military. Initial principles such as the type of intervention, dose, duration and outcomes were tested using in vitro models of the human gut.</p>","PeriodicalId":48536,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Role of Social Supermarkets in Addressing Food Insecurity and Food Waste: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Claire O'Malley, Callum Bradford, Jordan Duffy, Helen J Moore, Andrea Burrows, Joe Dunne, Lisa Harris, Frances Hillier-Brown, Matthew Cotton, Lucie Nield, Amelia A Lake","doi":"10.1111/nbu.70053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nbu.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tackling food insecurity and food waste are two interrelated and complex policy challenges. Innovations in food retail termed 'social supermarkets' (SSMs) could provide a solution, utilising surplus produce from mainstream food retailers, which are then traded at reduced prices. This scoping review aimed to synthesise the peer-reviewed research literature concerning the application of SSM models internationally, with a particular focus on how they influence food insecurity and reduce food waste. Free-text keywords and index terms were combined with Boolean operators for comprehensive searches of MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Google Scholar. Fourteen studies were included after duplication removal, sifting and results from citation searches were added. SSMs were primarily used by low-income, food-insecure households, although some clients do not fall under these categories, instead choosing to shop at SSMs to prevent further societal food waste from unused surplus. Attitudes towards SSMs were predominantly positive (especially in comparison to food banks), largely due to the implementation of the choice model, where clients are treated as 'customers' rather than 'recipients' of food. Although SSMs play an important role in providing food assistance to the food insecure and preventing surplus food from supermarket retailers becoming food waste, they do not address the deeper underlying causes of food insecurity and food waste, namely: income inequality and the on-going creation of surplus food throughout the food supply chain. Policies are needed which address these issues directly, unlike SSMs, which paradoxically rely on these increasingly dysfunctional systems to continue trading.</p>","PeriodicalId":48536,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inadequate Dietary Fibre Intake in Cardiovascular Disease Populations and Its Adverse Impact on Metabolic Health and Longevity: A National Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Mengyan Wang, Tong Xu, Zhenxiang Zhan, Haibin Zheng, Jianhong Peng","doi":"10.1111/nbu.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nbu.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the established benefits of dietary fibre for cardiovascular health, it remains unclear whether and how dietary fibre intake, particularly from specific food sources, influences all-cause and cause-specific mortality in populations with established cardiovascular disease (CVD). This cohort study utilised data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2018. First, we compared dietary fibre intake between 3952 CVD individuals and 3952 age- and gender-matched non-CVD controls, generated by propensity score matching. Second, Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed to assess the associations of dietary fibre intake and source with all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality in CVD populations. Third, to explore potential underlying mechanisms, we examined the associations of dietary fibre intake with validated biomarkers of metabolic health (triglyceride-glucose index, cardiometabolic index) and systemic inflammation (systemic inflammatory response index, systemic immune-inflammation index) in CVD populations. Adjustments were made for sociodemographic, dietary and health-related covariates. Compared to non-CVD individuals, CVD individuals had significantly lower average dietary fibre intake (15.7 g/day vs. 14.1 g/day, p < 0.001). Individuals with multiple coexisting CVDs exhibited the lowest dietary fibre intake (13.1 g/day). Only 9.3% of males and 11.7% of females met the recommended Adequate Intake standards (30 g/day for males, 21 g/day for females) in the CVD group. Over a median follow-up of 6.3 years, dietary fibre intake was inversely associated with all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality in CVD populations. Compared to the first quartile, the all-cause mortality risk was reduced by 42% (hazard ratio [HR] 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.45-0.75), cardiovascular mortality by 52% (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.29-0.78) and cancer mortality by 50% (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.24-1.02) in the fourth quartile of dietary fibre intake. In terms of dietary fibre sources, grain and legume/nut fibre had a stronger association with survival benefits than fruit and vegetable fibre. Mechanistic exploration analysis suggests that dietary fibre intake was associated with a decrease in triglyceride-glucose index and cardiometabolic index, but not with the systemic inflammation response index and systemic immune-inflammation index. Both CVD and non-CVD populations exhibited inadequate dietary fibre intake, with the deficiency being more pronounced in the CVD group. Among CVD populations, those with higher dietary fibre consumption had a lower risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality. Our findings highlight a significant and remediable nutritional gap in this high-risk population and underscore the importance of improving dietary fibre intake as a potential supplementary strategy to improve survival in adults with CVDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48536,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147640308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Relationship Between Migraine and Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products.","authors":"Büşra Demirer, Dursun Ceylan, Gülhan Samur","doi":"10.1111/nbu.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nbu.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Migraine is one of the most common neurological conditions and nutrition is considered one of the critical environmental triggers. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) may influence migraine pathogenesis through neuroinflammation and various mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between dietary AGEs (dAGEs) intake and sleep quality, dietary composition and Mediterranean diet adherence in individuals with migraine. This case-control study was conducted with adult individuals (n = 60 with migraine, n = 60 controls) aged 19-64 who applied to Karabük University Training and Research Hospital Neurology Clinic Headache Outpatient Clinic. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic information. Participants completed the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screening (MEDAS), Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS) and 3-day food consumption record. The median MEDAS score of individuals in the control group (M = 6.0, min-max = 2.0-10.0) was higher than those with migraine (M = 5.0, min-max = 2.0-10.0) (p = 0.020). The median PSQI score was 7.0 in both groups and did not differ significantly (p = 0.484). In the model that included all confounding factors (age, gender, BMI), a unit increase in energy-adjusted dAGEs intake was associated with a 1.57-fold increased risk of migraine (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.178-2.099, p = 0.002). The study's results are important as they provide the first known data in the literature on the relationship between migraine and dAGEs. A comprehensive dietary history may be necessary for the assessment of migraines. However, future clinical studies with larger sample sizes should evaluate serum/skin AGEs in relation to dietary intake. ClinicalTrial number: NCT05747911.</p>","PeriodicalId":48536,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147345412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flavonoids and Their Influence on the Gut Microbiome: Implications for Cardiovascular Health.","authors":"Parisa Ahmadi, Maryam Honardoost, Atousa Janzadeh, Soroush Taherkhani","doi":"10.1111/nbu.70039","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nbu.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, necessitating effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. Flavonoids and polyphenols, which are abundant in colourful fruits and vegetables, have emerged as promising bioactive compounds for mitigating CVD. This study elucidates the mechanisms by which flavonoids exert cardioprotective effects through their antioxidant, prebiotic, and mitochondrial restorative properties. Flavonoids function as hydrogen donors, scavenging free radicals such as nitric oxide (NO^•), superoxide anions (O^•), and hydroxyl radicals (OH^•), thereby reducing oxidative stress by decreasing inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity while enhancing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) functionality to promote vasodilation and prevent hypertension. Additionally, flavonoids act as prebiotics, fostering the symbiotic gut microbiota (GM), including Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus, which produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and suppress pathogenic trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO)-producing bacteria. This enhances gut epithelial barrier integrity, reduces inflammation mediated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and protects against heart failure, ischaemia, and atherosclerosis. Under ischemic and heart failure conditions, flavonoids inhibit apoptosis, necrosis, ferroptosis, and fibrosis by restoring hypoxia-damaged mitochondrial function and cardiac energy metabolism. Furthermore, flavonoids prevent arteriosclerosis by inhibiting low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, reducing cholesterol absorption, promoting bile salt-hydrolysing bacteria, and decreasing vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 expression on coronary vessels. Here, we aim to advance the understanding of flavonoid-mediated cardioprotection by considering their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and gut microbiome-modulating effects, offering novel insights into dietary interventions for CVD prevention and management. The findings underscore the potential of flavonoids as accessible, natural agents to address global health disparities in CVD burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":48536,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"5-37"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146031250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eggs and Associated Nutrients: Implications for Brain Development and Function From Conception to Early Adulthood: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Emma J Derbyshire","doi":"10.1111/nbu.70042","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nbu.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain development is an ongoing process that occurs throughout the first 1000 days of life (conception until 2 years) and proceeds throughout childhood, adolescence and up until early adulthood. Adequate nutrient intakes are crucial for both neurodevelopment inside the womb and critical life-stages thereafter when the brain continues to grow and develop. This review critically summarises the current evidence for eggs and nutrients found in eggs in relation to their potential to support brain development and function. Twenty-one key publications, including a mixture of meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomised controlled trials (RCTs), clinical trials and observational studies, were identified, focusing on eggs or nutrients found in eggs that could influence brain development and function. Findings suggest that the consumption of eggs or nutrients found in eggs could have potential benefits for aspects of neurodevelopment, certain markers of motor development and academic performance. Eggs are high in protein, monounsaturated fatty acids, riboflavin, vitamin B12, vitamin D, biotin, iodine, selenium and a source of vitamin A, folate, pantothenic acid and phosphorus. They also provide an array of nutrients and bioactive components, including docosahexaenoic acid, choline, lutein and zeaxanthin that have potential to reinforce brain growth and development. Given the nutrient-dense profile of eggs, consumption could be encouraged across life-stages that are physiologically demanding from a brain development, growth and function stance. This includes amongst women of childbearing age, infancy, childhood and adolescence. However, the extent to which egg intake can influence specific markers of brain/cognitive function requires further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48536,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"46-66"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12930237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145935569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of the Double Burden of Malnutrition in Nepalese Students Aged 6-18 Years: An Urgent Call for Intervention.","authors":"Adam Flensborg Safikhany, Dinesh Neupane, Tara Ballav Adhikari, Per Kallestrup, Cecilie Blenstrup Patsche","doi":"10.1111/nbu.70040","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nbu.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The double burden of malnutrition (DBM), defined as the coexistence of undernutrition and overnutrition within the same population or individual, is a growing concern in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as Nepal. Identifying malnutrition in schools supports targeted interventions. This study estimates the prevalence of stunting, underweight, overweight and obesity among Nepalese schoolchildren and examines the coexistence of stunting and overweight. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 11 782 students aged 6-18 years from 111 randomly selected schools in Kaski, Nepal. Sociodemographic data were collected via questionnaire, and trained researchers measured height and weight. Malnutrition was classified using the World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards, and chi-square tests were used for statistical comparisons. The prevalence of stunting, underweight, overweight and obesity was 15.8%, 6.1%, 10.7% and 3.3%, respectively, while 1.0% of students were both stunted and overweight/obese. Stunting was more common in rural schools (20.5% vs. 15.1%, p < 0.001), whereas overweight (11.2% vs. 7.1%, p < 0.001) and obesity (3.6% vs. 1.5%, p < 0.001) were more common in urban schools. Public school students were more often stunted (18.2% vs. 13.2%, p < 0.004) and underweight (6.7% vs. 5.4%, p < 0.001), whereas private school students were more often overweight (13.3% vs. 8.2%, p < 0.001) and obese (5.0% vs. 1.7%, p < 0.001). The DBM occurs at both school and individual levels, including within the same school, with undernutrition more common in rural and public schools and overnutrition in urban and private schools. Tailored school-based nutrition programmes are urgently needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48536,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"95-103"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145806034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'PULSE FICTION': Development of Slightly Processed Pulse-Based Foods and Recipes to Meet the Needs of Consumers and the Agricultural Sector and Improve Food Sustainability.","authors":"Gaëlle Arvisenet, Stéphanie Chambaron, Zaira Hernandez-Casiano, Hélène Gerard-Simonin, Corinne Tanguy, Clémentine Hugol-Gential, Anne Saint-Eve, Christian Salles","doi":"10.1111/nbu.70041","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nbu.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulses offer significant nutritional and environmental benefits and are useful components of healthier, more sustainable diets and global food security. However, their consumption in France remains low and below the world average. Farmers face economic and technical challenges in diversifying crops, and current domestic production is insufficient to meet this low demand, resulting in continued reliance on imports. Production and consumption are closely linked: low consumer demands limit incentives for farmers to expand cultivation, while limited availability can also constrain uptake. One of the major barriers to consumption relates to preparation and processing. While consumers generally view raw or minimally processed pulses positively, they often avoid using them because they perceive them as time-consuming to prepare or associate them with undesirable sensory attributes (e.g., bitterness and astringency). It also might be difficult for consumers to categorize pulses according to their level of processing. Although pulse processing makes them more convenient for users, former studies suggest that consumers are suspicious about the processing of pulses, and that they may even confuse processing with ultra-processing. This suspicion could sometimes lead to rejection by consumers. The process should thus remain moderate. Encouraging the use of minimally processed pulses, which balance convenience and acceptance, is crucial for wider adoption. The aim of the PULSE FICTION project is to develop minimally processed pulse products with pulses as the main ingredient that align with consumer preferences, farmer constraints and sustainability goals. A key innovation will be the selection of intermediate food products (IFPs) on the basis of consumer and farmer input and chef-developed easy-to-make recipes. These products will be evaluated for their nutritional and sensory qualities, satiety, consumer acceptance and environmental impact. Beyond product development, PULSE FICTION explores the cognitive and sensory factors influencing consumer acceptability and designs effective communication strategies for all stakeholders to facilitate consumer adoption of pulse-based foods.</p>","PeriodicalId":48536,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"104-119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12930230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145918757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real World Evidence Versus Randomised Controlled Trials: Is the Future of Nutritional Sciences Research in Electronic Health Records?","authors":"Kathryn V Dalrymple","doi":"10.1111/nbu.70046","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nbu.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard of research studies. They aim to recruit participants with similar characteristics and randomly assign them to a treatment or control/placebo arm. Due to randomisation, RCTs provide comprehensive, unbiased evidence about treatment efficacy and safety and examine cause-and-effect relationships between the intervention and outcome. However, RCTs are expensive, recruitment can be time-consuming and high drop-out rates can reduce internal validity. Depending on the target population, findings are not always generalisable at a population level. Of relevance to nutritional sciences, due to the type of research questions, researchers and participants cannot always be blinded to randomisation. Electronic health records (EHRs) provide a possible solution to some of these constraints. Using data from healthcare systems may help to reduce costs and overcome logistical challenges as (1) pragmatic trials integrated into routine care enable real-time data analysis and faster translation of findings and (2) once dynamic longitudinal cohorts have been generated, they can be analysed using quasi-experimental designs. These have the potential to provide population level data with higher generalisability, lower attrition and greater statistical power. EHRs do come with their own challenges, including the lack of a uniform information infrastructure, missing data and data quality. There are also ethical considerations, as patients may not wish for their data to be used in a research capacity, which in turn can affect the generalisability of findings. When it comes to nutritional sciences and generating evidence, there is no one-size fits all approach. EHRs offer great potential for advancing certain research questions, such as when there is a population level intervention, for example, the soft drinks industry levy or the inclusion of folic acid in non-wholemeal wheat flour. EHRs offer the opportunity to integrate multiple datasets which will enable a comprehensive understanding of a nutrition intervention impact on health and disease in diverse populations and real-world settings. However, RCTs remain imperative for understanding causality. The scope of this review is to examine how RCTs and EHRs can be used to generate evidence in nutritional sciences, highlighting their respective opportunities and challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":48536,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":"38-45"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12930233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146041843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}