npj Flexible Electronics最新文献

Mechanically guided 4D printing of a triboelectricity-driven acoustic transducer for self-powered and intelligent voice recognition 用于自供电和智能语音识别的摩擦电驱动声学换能器的机械引导4D打印

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2025-07-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00451-2

Dongik Kam, Girak Gwon, Yoonsang Ra, Donghan Lee, Yu-seop Kim, Joonmin Chae, Jong Woo Kim, Dongwhi Choi

{"title":"Mechanically guided 4D printing of a triboelectricity-driven acoustic transducer for self-powered and intelligent voice recognition","authors":"Dongik Kam, Girak Gwon, Yoonsang Ra, Donghan Lee, Yu-seop Kim, Joonmin Chae, Jong Woo Kim, Dongwhi Choi","doi":"10.1038/s41528-025-00451-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00451-2","url":null,"abstract":"Triboelectricity-driven acoustic transducers with various merits have demonstrated significant potential in energy harvesting and self-powered sensing. The transducers generally require additionally a spacer and a corresponding exquisite process for smooth operation, which provides an unnecessary interface between the elements. The exploration of a novel manufacturing approach for triboelectricity-driven acoustic transducers is warranted to resolve this issue. Here, Triboelectricity-driven Oscillating Nano-Electricity generator (TONE) developed via mechanically guided four-dimensional (4D) printing is introduced for acoustic energy harvesting and self-powered voice recognition. The mechanically buckled structure of the TONE facilitates its smooth oscillation by sound wave without the use of an additional spacer, enabling the TONE to exhibit outputs of 156 V and 10 μA. The output characteristics of the TONE are analyzed based on the acoustic-structural-triboelectric interaction mechanism. The TONE demonstrates practical versatility by providing power to commercial electronics from controlled/daily sound and being utilized in artificial intelligence-based human voice recognition sensors.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144664532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanically stable, and reversible integration of microchips on textile: liquid metal-based anisotropic conductive adhesive 机械稳定、可逆的微芯片在纺织品上的集成：液态金属基各向异性导电粘合剂

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2025-07-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00452-1

Sang Gil Lee, Kyeong-Bin Kim, Hyesu Choi, Joo Hwan Shin, Chanho Jeong, Geonoh Choe, Gyan Raj Koirala, Jae-seung Shim, Yujin Mun, Young Gil Kim, Yei Hwan Jung, Eun-Ho Lee, Tae-il Kim

{"title":"Mechanically stable, and reversible integration of microchips on textile: liquid metal-based anisotropic conductive adhesive","authors":"Sang Gil Lee, Kyeong-Bin Kim, Hyesu Choi, Joo Hwan Shin, Chanho Jeong, Geonoh Choe, Gyan Raj Koirala, Jae-seung Shim, Yujin Mun, Young Gil Kim, Yei Hwan Jung, Eun-Ho Lee, Tae-il Kim","doi":"10.1038/s41528-025-00452-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00452-1","url":null,"abstract":"Integrating surface-mounted devices (SMDs) onto textiles remains a key challenge in wearable electronics due to textile surface irregularities and heat sensitivity. Conventional methods like soldering or anisotropic conductive films (ACFs) often fail in such environments. We introduce a low-stress anisotropic conductive adhesive (LS-ACA) composed of eutectic gallium–indium (EGaIn) liquid metal particles (LMPs) embedded in a pressure-sensitive SIS matrix. LS-ACA offers excellent electrical conductivity, mechanical flexibility, and durability under bending, stretching, and crumpling. Finite element analysis shows it reduces interfacial stress concentrations compared to soldering, maintaining uniform stress even under 10% strain. It achieves ultra-low contact resistance (1.5 mΩ at >64 wt% LMPs) and enables low-temperature bonding on diverse substrates. Moreover, LS-ACA supports over 10 reuse cycles without surface damage or performance loss. This scalable, reusable material offers a promising path for integrating electronics into fabrics, advancing sustainable and flexible wearable technologies.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144652578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Facial muscle mapping and expression prediction using a conformal surface-electromyography platform 使用保形面肌电图平台的面部肌肉映射和表情预测

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00453-0

Hila Man, Paul F. Funk, Dvir Ben-Dov, Chen Bar-Haim, Bara Levit, Orlando Guntinas-Lichius, Yael Hanein

{"title":"Facial muscle mapping and expression prediction using a conformal surface-electromyography platform","authors":"Hila Man, Paul F. Funk, Dvir Ben-Dov, Chen Bar-Haim, Bara Levit, Orlando Guntinas-Lichius, Yael Hanein","doi":"10.1038/s41528-025-00453-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00453-0","url":null,"abstract":"Facial muscles are uniquely attached to the skin, densely innervated, and exhibit complex co-activation patterns enabling fine motor control. Facial surface Electromyography (sEMG) effectively assesses muscle function, yet traditional setups require precise electrode placement and limit mobility due to mechanical artifacts. Signal extraction is hindered by noise and cross-talk from adjacent muscles, making it challenging to associate facial muscle activity with expressions. We leverage a novel 16-channel conformal sEMG system to extract meaningful electrophysiological data from 32 healthy individuals. By applying denoising and source separation techniques, we extracted independent components, clustered them spatially, and built a facial muscle atlas. Furthermore, we established a functional mapping between these clusters and specific muscle units, providing a framework for understanding facial muscle activation. Using this foundation, we demonstrated a deep-learning model to predict facial expressions. This approach enables precise, participant-specific monitoring with applications in medical rehabilitation and psychological research.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144645639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Low-voltage wearable tactile display with thermo-pneumatic actuation 低压可穿戴触觉显示与热气动驱动

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00426-3

A. Mazzotta, S. Taccola, I. Cesini, M. Sanchez Sifuentes, R. A. Harris, V. Mattoli

引用次数: 0

Highly conductive polymer with vertical phase separation for enhanced bioelectronic interfaces 具有垂直相分离的高导电性聚合物，用于增强生物电子界面

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00441-4

Jiahuan Qiu, Yuyao Lu, Xinyuan Qian, Junxian Yao, Chengcan Han, Ziliang Wu, Hui Ye, Guorong Shan, Qiang Zheng, Kaichen Xu, Miao Du

{"title":"Highly conductive polymer with vertical phase separation for enhanced bioelectronic interfaces","authors":"Jiahuan Qiu, Yuyao Lu, Xinyuan Qian, Junxian Yao, Chengcan Han, Ziliang Wu, Hui Ye, Guorong Shan, Qiang Zheng, Kaichen Xu, Miao Du","doi":"10.1038/s41528-025-00441-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00441-4","url":null,"abstract":"Conductive polymers like poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) are key materials in bioelectronics, but balancing ultrahigh conductivity with long-term tissue contact stability remains a challenge. Here, we present a solvent-mediated solid-liquid interface doping strategy to engineer vertically phase-separated (VPS) PEDOT: PSS films. By adjusting thickness and doping solvents, a thicker PEDOT: PSS film with a strong VPS structure was achieved, featuring a higher PSS/PEDOT ratio on the surface and a lower ratio at the bottom. Doping the pristine film with a metastable liquid-liquid contact solution enables gradual PSS migration and a significant component gradient, yielding films with a hydrophilic surface and one of the highest reported conductivities ( ~ 8800 S cm−1) for bioelectronic devices. The films patterned by laser processing present high-fidelity signal acquisition, and excellent electrochemical stability. With low impedance and long-term biocompatibility, they are employed for real-time wearable and implantable sensors for electrophysiological monitoring, showcasing broad potentials in bioelectronics and human–machine interactions.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144640397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Towards precise synthetic neural codes: high-dimensional stimulation with flexible electrodes 迈向精确的合成神经编码：柔性电极的高维刺激

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00447-y

Robin Kim, Yuxuan Liu, Jiaao Zhang, Chong Xie, Lan Luan

引用次数: 0

Stacking growth of ionically conductive MOF on biofabrics enables reliable NH3 sensor for hepatic encephalopathy diagnosis 离子导电MOF在生物织物上堆积生长，可用于肝性脑病诊断的可靠NH3传感器

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2025-07-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00445-0

Kai Liu, Yifan Xu, Xiaozhu Tian, Junxuan Liang, Zhihui Zhao, Jun Wang, Ziqi Zhang, Kewei Zhang, Song Yang

{"title":"Stacking growth of ionically conductive MOF on biofabrics enables reliable NH3 sensor for hepatic encephalopathy diagnosis","authors":"Kai Liu, Yifan Xu, Xiaozhu Tian, Junxuan Liang, Zhihui Zhao, Jun Wang, Ziqi Zhang, Kewei Zhang, Song Yang","doi":"10.1038/s41528-025-00445-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00445-0","url":null,"abstract":"Aiming at the poor selectivity of electrically conductive metal-organic framework (EC-MOF) chemoresistive materials, this study develops a breakthrough room temperature ammonia (NH3) sensor by stacking ionically conductive MOF (IC-MOF) on an environmentally friendly biofabric. The synergism between ionic conductivity, tailored metal-nitrogen interaction, and fabric porosity enables the sensor with high response (R0/Rg = 14.7 towards 1 ppm NH3), low detection limit (36 ppb), and remarkable selectivity (coefficient >5.12 against common organic interferents). Notably, the optimized sensor yields a sixfold enhancement in response as compared with traditional EC-MOF powders. A linear regression model validated by fivefold cross-validation achieves 98.4% accuracy in NH3 concentration prediction, while the kNN classifier shows 96% accuracy in gas identification (tested on 192 samples). Preliminary clinical tests show that the sensor can clearly differentiate the exhaled NH3 signals of four patients with HE from those of healthy individuals, demonstrating the potential for non-invasive diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Photoresponsive dual-mode memory transistor for optoelectronic computing: charge storage and synaptic signal processing 光电子计算用光响应双模存储晶体管：电荷存储和突触信号处理

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00444-1

Gyeongho Lee, Sunwoo Jeong, Hyeonjung Kim, Yeong Jae Kim, Seyong Oh, Junhwan Choi, Hocheon Yoo

{"title":"Photoresponsive dual-mode memory transistor for optoelectronic computing: charge storage and synaptic signal processing","authors":"Gyeongho Lee, Sunwoo Jeong, Hyeonjung Kim, Yeong Jae Kim, Seyong Oh, Junhwan Choi, Hocheon Yoo","doi":"10.1038/s41528-025-00444-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00444-1","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents dual-mode memory transistor that accommodates memory and synaptic operations utilizing photoinduced charge trapping at the interface between poly(1,4-butanediol diacrylate) (pBDDA) and Parylene dielectric layer. Memory characteristics were implemented based on the photoresponsivity of dinaphtho[2,3-b:2′,3′-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DNTT), enabling instantaneous electron storage under combined optical and electrical inputs, with retention times up to 10,000 s. Meanwhile, synaptic characteristics were induced by gradual charge trapping via optical pulse stimulation. Synaptic plasticity was confirmed via the potentiation–depression curve, emulating key features of biological nervous system, namely short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM). Furthermore, the fingerprint recognition tasks highlighted identification and authentication abilities by incorporating our synaptic function into an artificial neural network (ANN). The dual-mode memory transistor, fabricated on a business card, showed excellent compatibility with flexible optoelectronics, maintaining stable memory and synaptic performance over 500 bending cycles with minimal changes in memory window, memory ratio, and potentiation–depression behavior.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"694 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144602881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neuromimetic circuits enabled by dynamic regulation of the electrical double layer 双电层的动态调节使模拟神经回路成为可能

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00450-3

Xiang Li, Tinghai Cheng, Zhong Lin Wang, Di Wei

引用次数: 0

A universal method for constructing stretchable and conductive connections in flexible electronics 在柔性电子产品中构建可拉伸和导电连接的通用方法

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00449-w

Yahui Zhao, Qiyang Ruan, Tongtong Li, Hongyun Qiu, Ruipeng Zhang, Shuai Wen, Lifeng Chi, Shaobo Ji

{"title":"A universal method for constructing stretchable and conductive connections in flexible electronics","authors":"Yahui Zhao, Qiyang Ruan, Tongtong Li, Hongyun Qiu, Ruipeng Zhang, Shuai Wen, Lifeng Chi, Shaobo Ji","doi":"10.1038/s41528-025-00449-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00449-w","url":null,"abstract":"Integrating stretchable and rigid electric units presents a significant challenge in manufacturing stretchable electronics. Their surface property differences prevented reliable stretching-tolerant connections. Here, we report a universal method to construct stretchable connections based on interfacial covalent reactions. It enables robust and conductive bonding among various soft/rigid electronics through simple surface modification and interfacial reaction. The bonding between SEBS rubber and metals reached stretchability over 250% with interfacial toughness over 200 N/m. The ultrathin connection layer provided conductive pathways, achieving an electrical stretchability of 60% between Au-deposited SEBS and Cu sheets. Connections between liquid metal-based stretchable conductors could withstand more than 10,000 stretching cycles to 60% strain while maintaining their high conductivity. The versatility and stability of this method were further proved by fabricating electronic devices that integrated soft and rigid units, including circuits on papers and a gesture-visualizing glove with LEDs, highlighting the robustness of the stretchable connections.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144586861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0