npj Flexible Electronics最新文献

Electron diffusion at Sn perovskite/fullerene derivative interfaces and its influence on open-circuit voltage 锡钙钛矿/富勒烯衍生物界面上的电子扩散及其对开路电压的影响

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00424-5

Atushi Sato, Seira Yamaguchi, Akio Hasegawa, Yukihiro Shimoi, Tomoya Nakamura, Atsushi Wakamiya, Kazuhiro Marumoto

{"title":"Electron diffusion at Sn perovskite/fullerene derivative interfaces and its influence on open-circuit voltage","authors":"Atushi Sato, Seira Yamaguchi, Akio Hasegawa, Yukihiro Shimoi, Tomoya Nakamura, Atsushi Wakamiya, Kazuhiro Marumoto","doi":"10.1038/s41528-025-00424-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00424-5","url":null,"abstract":"Tin-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are the most promising alternatives to toxic lead-based ones. However, the loss in open-circuit voltage (VOC) remains an important issue. Improvement of VOC has been achieved by using a fullerene derivative, indene-C60 bisadduct (ICBA), as the electron transporting layer (ETL). For further VOC improvement, the VOC improvement mechanisms must be clarified. Herein, we show, at a molecular level, VOC improvement mechanisms by an ICBA ETL in tin-based PSCs. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy reveals that electron diffusion from perovskite to ETL occurs at perovskite/ETL interfaces, producing unfavorable upward band-bending of perovskite. Employing ICBA with a shallower LUMO level suppresses the upward band-bending as well as reduces the energy offset with the conduction band minimum of perovskite. Suppressing this unfavorable upward band-bending reduces interface recombination at perovskite/ETL interfaces and contributes to VOC improvement. These insights support efficient optimization of the charge-transporting layer for additional improvement of VOC.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144164757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing flexibility and reliability in wearable OLEDs through silbione-blended hybrimer-based encapsulation 通过基于硅树脂混合聚合物的封装提高可穿戴oled的灵活性和可靠性

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00423-6

Ki SuK Kang, So Yeong Jeong, Yongmin Jeon, Jeong Hyun Kwon, Kyung Cheol Choi

{"title":"Enhancing flexibility and reliability in wearable OLEDs through silbione-blended hybrimer-based encapsulation","authors":"Ki SuK Kang, So Yeong Jeong, Yongmin Jeon, Jeong Hyun Kwon, Kyung Cheol Choi","doi":"10.1038/s41528-025-00423-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00423-6","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous studies have aimed to improve the mechanical flexibility of thin-film encapsulation, a key obstacle in commercializing wearable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). This study develops a silbione-blended organic/inorganic hybrid epoxy polymer (hybrimer) with high toughness as an organic barrier to enhance the flexibility of organic-inorganic multi-barriers. The optimal silbione-blended hybrimer (SBH) films exhibit superior mechanical properties, including increased elongation and tensile strength, compared to the hybrimer. The 3.5-dyad SBH-based encapsulation achieves a water vapor transmission rate of 7.83 × 10−6 g/m2/day and 9.45 × 10−5 g/m2/day before and after bending at a strain of 2%, respectively. In addition, the SBH barrier effectively protects the inorganic barrier by forming a robust aluminate phase at the interface between the inorganic and organic barrier, even under harsh conditions of 85 °C/85% relative humidity, demonstrating its potential for wearable applications. As a result, SBH-based encapsulations offer mechanical and environmental stability, making them ideal for wearable OLEDs.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fabrication of multifunctional wearable interconnect E-textile platform using direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing 利用直接墨水书写（DIW） 3D打印技术制造多功能可穿戴互联电子纺织平台

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00414-7

Kyusoon Pak, Jun Chang Yang, Joo Yong Sim, Taehoon Lee, Do Hoon Lee, Seungkyu Lee, Minjoo Kang, Byungkook Oh, Jin-Oh Kim, Steve Park

{"title":"Fabrication of multifunctional wearable interconnect E-textile platform using direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing","authors":"Kyusoon Pak, Jun Chang Yang, Joo Yong Sim, Taehoon Lee, Do Hoon Lee, Seungkyu Lee, Minjoo Kang, Byungkook Oh, Jin-Oh Kim, Steve Park","doi":"10.1038/s41528-025-00414-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00414-7","url":null,"abstract":"Textiles, integral to human life for centuries, have recently garnered significant interest for electronic applications. However, traditional fabrication methods for electronic textiles (E-textiles) are typically complex. This research introduces an innovative approach utilizing Direct Ink Writing (DIW) 3D printing to develop multifunctional wearable electronic textiles. Specifically, the study addresses the creation of a strain sensor and an interconnect electrode directly printed onto textile substrates. The DIW-printed strain sensor exhibited excellent sensitivity, achieving a gauge factor of 11.07, significant linearity (R2 ~ 0.99), and consistent performance under repeated mechanical stress. Additionally, the interconnect electrode was engineered to selectively bridge textile layers through controlled impregnation, resulting in stable resistance values (0.2–0.4Ω) under strain and pressure. These components were effectively incorporated into smart garments, facial masks, and multilayered gloves, enabling precise real-time monitoring of body movements, respiration, and tactile recognition, thus significantly advancing functionality and versatility in wearable electronics.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Convergence of biocompatible printed electronics and sensing in wound dressings: a leap forward in sustainable health monitoring 融合生物相容性印刷电子和传感在伤口敷料：在可持续健康监测的飞跃

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00421-8

Manoj Jose, Mani Teja Vijjapu, Lukas Neumaier, Lukas Rauter, Anna Heba Chakkunny, Daniel Corzo, Ronald Thoelen, Antoni Picard, Jürgen Kosel, Wim Deferme

{"title":"Convergence of biocompatible printed electronics and sensing in wound dressings: a leap forward in sustainable health monitoring","authors":"Manoj Jose, Mani Teja Vijjapu, Lukas Neumaier, Lukas Rauter, Anna Heba Chakkunny, Daniel Corzo, Ronald Thoelen, Antoni Picard, Jürgen Kosel, Wim Deferme","doi":"10.1038/s41528-025-00421-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00421-8","url":null,"abstract":"The healthcare system is moving away from traditional hospital-centric models towards a more personalised, patient-centric approach driven by the concept called ‘lab on wearables’. The nucleus of this concept is grounded on the translation of biological signals into actionable healing information with the help of soft, conformable and biocompatible sensors. This soft flexible electronic platform development is more leaning towards unconventional electronics fabrication routes like printed electronics over clean room based micro-electronics manufacturing. Printed electronics can harness the potential of stretchable foils, bio-derived functional materials and organic electronics, enabling the development of biodegradable and bioresorbable wound monitoring systems that are conformable with the skin. The review explores the potential of sustainable and biocompatible printed electronics in transducing wound biomarkers into actionable healing insights, enabling timely interventions. This work also provides a roadmap for printed electronics-based wound monitoring and on-demand treatment solutions, offering a glimpse into the future promises of the technology.<figure></figure>","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An ultrastretchable and multifunctional hydrophobic/electrostatic dual-crosslinked hydrogel for self-healing flexible touch panel and sensor 一种超可伸缩多功能疏水/静电双交联水凝胶，用于自修复柔性触摸面板和传感器

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00422-7

Yichen Li, Fan Jiang, Xiang Li, Yiqian Wu, Yue Wang, Haoyu Peng, Jing Peng, Jiuqiang Li, Maolin Zhai

{"title":"An ultrastretchable and multifunctional hydrophobic/electrostatic dual-crosslinked hydrogel for self-healing flexible touch panel and sensor","authors":"Yichen Li, Fan Jiang, Xiang Li, Yiqian Wu, Yue Wang, Haoyu Peng, Jing Peng, Jiuqiang Li, Maolin Zhai","doi":"10.1038/s41528-025-00422-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00422-7","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogels have emerged as promising candidates for the next generation of flexible electronics for human-machine interaction, owing to their excellent biocompatibility, safety, and flexibility. In this work, a novel hydrophobic/electrostatic dual-crosslinked hydrogel, polyacrylic acid-divinylbenzene-liquid metal (PAAD-LM) hydrogel, was synthesized for the first time by a facile one-step γ-radiation method. PAAD-LM hydrogel exhibits remarkable stretchability (elongation at break of 5257 ± 170%, areal strain of > 7000% without break), self-healing capability, and excellent responsiveness as flexible touch panel and strain sensor. The hydrogel-based device demonstrates versatile functionalities, including painting, keyboard and mouse control applications, high-sensitivity recording of various human body movement signals, and VR smart gloves. The function of the hydrogel-based device is converted successfully through circuit and program design. With its stretchable and self-healing properties, PAAD-LM hydrogel holds great potential for advanced multifunctional wearable electronic devices. This work also provides novel insights into the synthesis of high-tensile, sensitive and multifunctional hydrogels.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deep learning-developed multi-light source discrimination capability of stretchable capacitive photodetector 深度学习开发了可拉伸电容式光电探测器的多光源识别能力

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00400-z

Su Bin Choi, Jun Sang Choi, Hyun Sik Shin, Jeong-Won Yoon, Youngmin Kim, Jong-Woong Kim

{"title":"Deep learning-developed multi-light source discrimination capability of stretchable capacitive photodetector","authors":"Su Bin Choi, Jun Sang Choi, Hyun Sik Shin, Jeong-Won Yoon, Youngmin Kim, Jong-Woong Kim","doi":"10.1038/s41528-025-00400-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00400-z","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce a novel stretchable photodetector with enhanced multi-light source detection, capable of discriminating light sources using artificial intelligence (AI). These features highlight the application potential of deep learning enhanced photodetectors in applications that require accurate for visual light communication (VLC). Experimental results showcased its excellent potential in real-world traffic system. This photodetector, fabricated using a composite structure of silver nanowires (AgNWs)/zinc sulfide (ZnS)-polyurethane acrylate (PUA)/AgNWs, maintained stable performance under 25% tensile strain and 2 mm bending radius. It shows high sensitivity at both 448 and 505 nm wavelengths, detecting light sources under mechanical deformations, different wavelengths and frequencies. By integrating a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) model, we classified the light source power level with 96.52% accuracy even the light of two wavelengths is mixed. The model’s performance remains consistent across flat, bent, and stretched states, setting a precedent for flexible electronics combined with AI in dynamic environments.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fibre-based organic electrochemical transistors: principle, evaluation, and application 基于纤维的有机电化学晶体管：原理、评价和应用

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2025-05-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00417-4

Yingying Huang, Zhijun Hu, Shouwen Zhu, Bo Fang

{"title":"Fibre-based organic electrochemical transistors: principle, evaluation, and application","authors":"Yingying Huang, Zhijun Hu, Shouwen Zhu, Bo Fang","doi":"10.1038/s41528-025-00417-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00417-4","url":null,"abstract":"Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are emerging organic semiconducting devices intensively used in biological detection, environmental monitoring, biomimetic electronics, and computing circuits, due to the high transconductance, low working voltage, and exceptional biocompatibility. Most reported OECTs are based on planar structures built by two dimensional (2D) semiconducting materials, which have found great challenges of rigid architecture, complicated fabrication, and small-scale production. To improve overall performance and extend the use of OECTs into wearables, integralization, miniaturization, and intellectualization, researchers have made intensive efforts to use 1D conducting polymer fibres as active channel for building new breed of fibre-based OECTs, namely F-OECTs. Here we present the research progress of F-OECTs along three lines: working principles, evaluation methods, and applications. Covering from P-type polymer to N-type polymer, various kinds of conducting polymers have been processed into channel materials of F-OECTs through mainstream wet spinning methods. The prepared F-OECTs have been widely used in in vivo recording, in vitro detection, neuromorphic sensing, and logical circuits. To conclude this review, we summarized current challenges in terms of performance optimization and material innovation, further suggesting possible solutions. This review could provide guidance for understanding the working principles of F-OECTs, designing high-performance F-OECTs, and fabricating advanced electronics.<figure></figure>","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanically alignable and all-dispenser-printable device design platform for carbon nanotube-based soft-deformable photo-thermoelectric broadband imager sheets 基于碳纳米管的软变形光热电宽带成像仪片的机械校准和全点胶打印装置设计平台

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00419-2

Minami Yamamoto, Daiki Sakai, Yuto Matsuzaki, Leo Takai, Yukito Kon, Yuto Aoshima, Noa Izumi, Naoko Hagiwara, Hayato Hamashima, Daiki Shikichi, Junyu Jin, Qi Zhang, Kohei Murakami, Yuya Kinoshita, Satsuki Yasui, Norika Takahashi, Hajime Nishiyama, Yukio Kawano, Kou Li

{"title":"Mechanically alignable and all-dispenser-printable device design platform for carbon nanotube-based soft-deformable photo-thermoelectric broadband imager sheets","authors":"Minami Yamamoto, Daiki Sakai, Yuto Matsuzaki, Leo Takai, Yukito Kon, Yuto Aoshima, Noa Izumi, Naoko Hagiwara, Hayato Hamashima, Daiki Shikichi, Junyu Jin, Qi Zhang, Kohei Murakami, Yuya Kinoshita, Satsuki Yasui, Norika Takahashi, Hajime Nishiyama, Yukio Kawano, Kou Li","doi":"10.1038/s41528-025-00419-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00419-2","url":null,"abstract":"While photo-thermoelectric (PTE) sensors and their ultrabroadband monitoring facilitate non-destructive testing, their conventional fabrication is insufficient for high-yield integration. Specifically, PTE devices faced challenges in their crucial spatial-misalignment for separate fabrication processes per constituent. Herein, this work demonstrates mechanically alignable and all-dispenser-printable integration of carbon nanotube (CNT) functional PTE sensor devices by designing them with solution-processable ink-materials. This technique first accurately prints CNT channels, essential in PTE conversion, using higher-concentration inks, and integrates remaining constituents (dopants and conductive pastes) into single device structures at high-yield. This work further demonstrates that employing higher-concentration CNT inks, suitable for mechanical channel printing, also designs sensitive PTE sensors. These sensors serve stably as integrated devices on diverse functional substrates, facilitating ubiquitous non-destructive monitoring depending on features. Therefore, this work designs such CNT PTE integrated devices and the associated functional inspection appropriately for structures, sizes, and external environments (e.g., temperature and humidity) of monitoring targets.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143926858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Piezoelectric ion gated organic electrochemical transistors for efficient vibration sensing and on-site amplification 用于高效振动传感和现场放大的压电离子门控有机电化学晶体管

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00418-3

Linta Sohail, Sofia Drakopoulou, Tiago L. Costa, George D. Spyropoulos

{"title":"Piezoelectric ion gated organic electrochemical transistors for efficient vibration sensing and on-site amplification","authors":"Linta Sohail, Sofia Drakopoulou, Tiago L. Costa, George D. Spyropoulos","doi":"10.1038/s41528-025-00418-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00418-3","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate detection of physiological vibrations is vital for monitoring health and enabling sensory feedback in bioelectronics. Current technologies often suffer from low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), bulkiness, and the need for external amplification. Here, we introduce piezoelectric internal ion-gated organic electrochemical transistors (Piezo-IGTs), which efficiently convert mechanical vibrations into amplified electrical signals. These devices integrate laminated P(VDF-TrFE) microfiber films as the gate atop the transistor channel, generating voltage upon deformation to modulate mobile ions in the conducting polymer. Fabricated via sequential deposition and lamination, Piezo-IGTs achieve high fill factors and efficient on-site amplification, improving SNR over standalone piezoelectric films. They operate near 0 V gate voltage, enabling low-power performance. We validate their functionality in mechanomyography, speech recognition, and mechanocardiography using microscale Piezo-IGTs. This self-contained, flexible architecture demonstrates promise for integration into implantable and wearable systems, offering real-time, high-fidelity acquisition of bio-mechanical signals in next-generation health monitoring and neuroprosthetic applications.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Programmable high-sensitivity iontronic pressure sensors support broad human-interactive perception and identification 可编程的高灵敏度离子电子压力传感器支持广泛的人机交互感知和识别

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00420-9

Yue Huang, Shaoxiong Hu, Ying Li, Rui Wang, Yuchen Yang, Wei Zhu, Yuan Deng

{"title":"Programmable high-sensitivity iontronic pressure sensors support broad human-interactive perception and identification","authors":"Yue Huang, Shaoxiong Hu, Ying Li, Rui Wang, Yuchen Yang, Wei Zhu, Yuan Deng","doi":"10.1038/s41528-025-00420-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00420-9","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible pressure sensors are essential for human–machine interfaces and wearable devices, requiring accurate detection of diverse motion signals. However, challenges arise from material compressibility and mechanical limitations, hindering the development of sensors with both high sensitivity and wide sensing ranges, as well as the demand-driven designability. Here, iontronic sensors exhibiting distinct characteristics are developed via a skin-inspired gradient strategy with programmable performance of ultrahigh sensitivity (37,347.98 kPa−1) to 151.6 kPa or overall high sensitivity (130.93–1400.49 kPa−1) up to 956.7 kPa, capable of detecting both subtle arterial pulses and large motions like plantar pressure. Furthermore, the merit of ultrahigh sensitivity enables pressure sensors to record handwriting precisely and distinguish individual features, facilitating effective extraction of connotative information, and has been demonstrated in the proposed human-interactive system assisted with machine learning for individual authentication. The work provides valuable insight into reverse engineering of pressure sensors, promising benefits for broad intelligence applications.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143926857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0