npj Flexible Electronics最新文献

Innovative stress-release method for low-stress flexible Al2O3 encapsulation films in OLED applications OLED应用中低应力柔性Al2O3封装薄膜的创新应力释放方法

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00468-7

Guanran Wang, Zhenyu Wang, Jianyang Ren, Zhijun Wu, Yu Duan

引用次数: 0

Direct printing of PZT on glass for surface haptics 直接印刷PZT在玻璃表面的触觉

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00475-8

Abhinay Sreeram, Milan Shrestha, Michael Renaud, Syed Ikhwan Ismail, Maharaja Sankaralingam, Leonardus Depari, Edwin H. T. Teo

引用次数: 0

Aesthetic, wire-free and bioresorbable dermal tattoo TENG system for self-powered on-the-go biomedical applications 美观，无线和生物可吸收真皮纹身TENG系统自供电的移动生物医学应用

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00473-w

Reyhaneh Shakibi, Fatemeh Yazdipour, Nazanin Imandoost, Taraneh Bajooli, Ali Akbar Moosavi-Movahhedi, Mohammad Ali Khayamian

{"title":"Aesthetic, wire-free and bioresorbable dermal tattoo TENG system for self-powered on-the-go biomedical applications","authors":"Reyhaneh Shakibi, Fatemeh Yazdipour, Nazanin Imandoost, Taraneh Bajooli, Ali Akbar Moosavi-Movahhedi, Mohammad Ali Khayamian","doi":"10.1038/s41528-025-00473-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00473-w","url":null,"abstract":"Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are promising for self-powered biomedical applications such as wound healing, cancer therapy, and biosensing. However, their dependence on external wires and electrodes limits usability and comfort. Here, we introduce a wire-free approach using dermal conductive tattoos. Unlike conventional systems requiring a back conductor, our method uses skin as the triboelectric layer, with charge transferred via subdermal conductive tattoos—eliminating external accessories. This concept was validated through triboelectric testing of skin, tattoo performance on artificial models, bioresorbable ink development, and in vivo voltage generation. The system successfully accelerated wound healing in freely walking animals, powered solely by body motion. The use of bioresorbable zinc-based inks enabled temporary functionality that disappeared naturally with the healing process. Furthermore, the tattooed electrodes can be seamlessly merged with artistic designs, paving the way for next-generation bioelectronic tattoos that are both therapeutic and aesthetically personalized.<figure></figure>","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144901924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrated stretchable displays with integrated pixel density via overlapped pixels 通过重叠像素实现像素密度集成的集成可拉伸显示器

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00438-z

Hagseon Kim, Yong Ha Hwang, Jaehyeock Chang, Minwoo Nam, Yongjin Park, Young Hun Jung, Junwoo Lee, Young Hyun Son, Kyung Cheol Choi

{"title":"Integrated stretchable displays with integrated pixel density via overlapped pixels","authors":"Hagseon Kim, Yong Ha Hwang, Jaehyeock Chang, Minwoo Nam, Yongjin Park, Young Hun Jung, Junwoo Lee, Young Hyun Son, Kyung Cheol Choi","doi":"10.1038/s41528-025-00438-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00438-z","url":null,"abstract":"Stretchable displays can withstand greater deformation than traditional displays, enabling their versatile integration into various electronic devices. However, when conventional stretchable displays are stretched, pixel size or spacing increases, reducing image quality. Various methods have been tried to maintain resolution, but the fill factor decreases when all pixels are active during stretching. Here, integrated stretchable OLEDs are presented with an integrated pixel density by overlapping quadrant pixels in voids. Overlapped pixels are vertically aligned to optically function as a single pixel in the original state. Upon stretching, these pixels are spatially separated and become individually visible, thereby increasing the fill factor. A reliable multilayered structure is designed through the patterned adhesive and the deposition of patterned electrodes. The PM-integrated stretchable display, consisting of a 3 × 2 array with one central pixel and four quadrant pixels per unit, successfully displayed various letters clearly in both the original and stretched states.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144900896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cracking in polymer substrates for flexible electronic devices and its mitigation 柔性电子器件用聚合物衬底开裂及其缓解

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00470-z

Anush Ranka, Madhuja Layek, Sayaka Kochiyama, Cristina López-Pernia, Alicia M. Chandler, Conrad A. Kocoj, Erica Magliano, Aldo Di Carlo, Francesca Brunetti, Peijun Guo, Subra Suresh, David C. Paine, Haneesh Kesari, Nitin P. Padture

{"title":"Cracking in polymer substrates for flexible electronic devices and its mitigation","authors":"Anush Ranka, Madhuja Layek, Sayaka Kochiyama, Cristina López-Pernia, Alicia M. Chandler, Conrad A. Kocoj, Erica Magliano, Aldo Di Carlo, Francesca Brunetti, Peijun Guo, Subra Suresh, David C. Paine, Haneesh Kesari, Nitin P. Padture","doi":"10.1038/s41528-025-00470-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00470-z","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanical reliability plays a critical role in determining the durability of flexible electronic devices because of the significant mechanical stresses they experience during manufacturing and operation. Many such devices are built on sheets comprising stiff transparent-conducting oxide (TCO) electrode films on compliant polymer substrates, and it is generally assumed that the high-toughness polymer substrates do not crack. Contrary to this assumption, here we show extensive cracking in the polymer substrates during bending of a variety of TCO/polymer sheets, and a device example — flexible perovskite solar cells. Such substrate cracking, which compromises the overall mechanical integrity of the entire device, is driven by the amplified stress-intensity factor caused by the elastic mismatch at the film/substrate interface. To mitigate this substrate cracking, an interlayer-engineering approach is designed and experimentally demonstrated. This approach is potentially applicable to myriad flexible electronic devices, with stiff films on compliant substrates, for improving their durability and reliability.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144900885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A fully-integrated flexible in-sensor computing circuit based on gel-gated organic electrochemical transistors 基于凝胶门控有机电化学晶体管的全集成柔性传感器内计算电路

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00472-x

Xinyu Tian, Jing Bai, Dingyao Liu, Guangxi Lu, Shiming Zhang

引用次数: 0

Azimuthal anisotropy induced by partial flux-closure in self-assembled tubular permalloy membranes 自组装管状坡莫合金膜中部分通量闭合引起的方位各向异性

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00467-8

Balram Singh, Valeria M. A. Salinas, Markus Loeffler, Ivan Soldatov, Boris Rivkin, Martin Hantusch, Bernd Rellinghaus, Rudolf Schäfer, Jorge A. Otálora, Volker Neu

{"title":"Azimuthal anisotropy induced by partial flux-closure in self-assembled tubular permalloy membranes","authors":"Balram Singh, Valeria M. A. Salinas, Markus Loeffler, Ivan Soldatov, Boris Rivkin, Martin Hantusch, Bernd Rellinghaus, Rudolf Schäfer, Jorge A. Otálora, Volker Neu","doi":"10.1038/s41528-025-00467-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00467-8","url":null,"abstract":"Cylindrical ferromagnetic tubes are notable for their geometry-driven physical phenomena, making them promising for future technological applications. Self-assembly rolling technology is used to create tubes with high surface quality and side edges, which are crucial for customizing magnetic anisotropy through magnetostatic interactions at the edges. This study investigates the anisotropy induced by these interactions in magnetostriction-free permalloy membranes. Thin planar membranes of varying dimensions were transformed into tubular structures with curvature radii in the tens of microns and winding numbers from 0.6 to 1.5. Experimental results reveal that magnetostatic energy is minimized when the winding number exceeds 0.8–0.9 by adopting an azimuthal domain pattern, or flux-closure configuration, from previously axial domains. These results are supported by analytical calculations of the equilibrium magnetic state of both planar and curved membranes, considering shape anisotropy constants. These constants were derived from magnetostatic energy calculations assuming a single domain configuration and applied to various geometries and curvatures. This research advances the understanding of anisotropy tuning in curved thin-film architectures, focusing on achieving azimuthal magnetic anisotropy in soft ferromagnetic tubular structures without additional induced anisotropy, a key step for applications in data storage, field sensors, and biomedicine relying on 3D magnetic structures.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144900899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scalable functionalized shape memory alloy fiber with synergistic effect for robotic hand and microrobot 具有机械手和微型机器人协同效应的可伸缩功能化形状记忆合金纤维

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00455-y

Xian Li, Bingyue Cai, Haojie Zhao, Rui Jia, Xiangyu Wang, Qi Wang, Yuwen Zhu, Ru Xiao, Meifang Zhu, Hengda Sun, Gang Wang

{"title":"Scalable functionalized shape memory alloy fiber with synergistic effect for robotic hand and microrobot","authors":"Xian Li, Bingyue Cai, Haojie Zhao, Rui Jia, Xiangyu Wang, Qi Wang, Yuwen Zhu, Ru Xiao, Meifang Zhu, Hengda Sun, Gang Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41528-025-00455-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00455-y","url":null,"abstract":"Shape memory alloy (SMA) fibers demonstrate exceptional contraction strains and substantial load capacities, positioning them as highly promising actuators for advanced robotic hands and microrobotic systems. However, the practical deployment of SMAs has been critically hindered by their inherently slow thermal responsiveness and reliance on wired electrical connections. Here, we introduce a dual-responsive SMA technology that addresses these limitations by leveraging a novel surface modification comprising polydopamine integrated with silver nanowires. The modified SMA fibers exhibited an approximately 3.2 times faster actuation speed than unmodified fibers under near-infrared laser irradiation, with a 35% improvement in electrothermal responsiveness. These wireless, fast-responding actuators have been effectively integrated into microrobotic crawlers, demonstrating great potential for lightweight autonomous lunar rover applications. Fabricated via straightforward in-situ polymerisation methods, our dual-responsive SMA approach offers a compelling pathway toward the development of energy-efficient aerospace systems capable of operating reliably under extreme environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"203 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144900900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An optical/electronic artificial skin extends the robotic sense to molecular sensing 一种光学/电子人造皮肤将机器人感知扩展到分子感知

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00431-6

Benhui Dai, Yingjie Zheng, Yihang Qian, Xiaoyong Hu, Zhizhong Sun, Zenghong Ma, Guanjun Bao, Huaping Wu, Xuan Luo, Josie Hughes, Xiangjiang Liu, Yibin Ying, Lijuan Xie

{"title":"An optical/electronic artificial skin extends the robotic sense to molecular sensing","authors":"Benhui Dai, Yingjie Zheng, Yihang Qian, Xiaoyong Hu, Zhizhong Sun, Zenghong Ma, Guanjun Bao, Huaping Wu, Xuan Luo, Josie Hughes, Xiangjiang Liu, Yibin Ying, Lijuan Xie","doi":"10.1038/s41528-025-00431-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00431-6","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial skins are essential for bridging sensory gaps between robots and environments, enabling natural and intuitive interactions. While artificial skins can sense stimuli like pressure and stretchability, their capabilities need to be expanded into chemical sensing for specific applications. Here, we introduce optical/electronic artificial skins (oe-skins), advancing robotic sensing from physical perception to chemical sensation. Our design integrates optical fibers into a carbon nanotube (CNT)-based haptic electronic skin. This empowers the skin to sense force and temperature, while detecting near-infrared (NIR) optical signals from molecules, giving dual modalities of physical and chemical sensing. We successfully implement the oe-skin into robots, enabling intraocular pressure and glucose level detection for diagnosing glaucoma and diabetes. Additionally, we demonstrated their effectiveness in delicately harvesting fruits and grading them by ripeness, firmness, and sugar levels. We present a blueprint for next-generation intelligent electronics where technological progress aligns with sustainable development and societal well-being.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144819350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biomimetic low-temperature contracting fiber for high stroke and controllable actuations 用于高冲程和可控驱动的仿生低温收缩纤维

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00466-9

Xiaojuan Ming, Xincheng Ding, Henry Ming Wang, Jing Lu, Yiming Ke, Yue Li, Jing Luo, Mufang Li, Yi Xiong, Tao Zhao, Weibing Zhong

{"title":"Biomimetic low-temperature contracting fiber for high stroke and controllable actuations","authors":"Xiaojuan Ming, Xincheng Ding, Henry Ming Wang, Jing Lu, Yiming Ke, Yue Li, Jing Luo, Mufang Li, Yi Xiong, Tao Zhao, Weibing Zhong","doi":"10.1038/s41528-025-00466-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00466-9","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible actuators have significant potential in intelligent micromachines, artificial muscle, and soft robotics. However, achieving actuators with high actuation performance and feedback sensitivity remains challenging. Inspired by the dual “command-execution-feedback” of the mimic octopus, a fiber actuator with high stroke and visual-electronic dual feedback is designed by introducing an ionic liquid conductive network and a visual component of spiropyrane. By constructing a unique interchain slipping structure inside the liquid crystal elastomer (LCE), the nematic to isotropic transition temperature and maximum stroke temperature dropped to 24.29 °C and 62.3 °C, with decreases of 73.51% and 39.28%, respectively. Besides, the actuation stroke increases to 43.41% with an improvement of 77.11%, and the feedback sensitivity reaches to 69.17, along with a high work capacity of 189.12 kJ/m3. These provide a promising strategy for next-generation flexible actuators capable of high work capacity, large stroke, and real-time feedback.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144819351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0