npj Flexible Electronics最新文献

{"title":"Combustion-assisted low-temperature ZrO2/SnO2 films for high-performance flexible thin film transistors","authors":"Bongho Jang, Junil Kim, Jieun Lee, Geuntae Park, Gyuwon Yang, Jaewon Jang, Hyuk-Jun Kwon","doi":"10.1038/s41528-024-00362-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41528-024-00362-8","url":null,"abstract":"We developed high-performance flexible oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) using SnO2 semiconductor and high-k ZrO2 dielectric, both formed through combustion-assisted sol-gel processes. This method involves the exothermic reaction of fuels and oxidizers to produce high-quality oxide films without extensive external heating. The combustion ZrO2 films were revealed to have an amorphous structure with a higher proportion of oxygen corresponding to the oxide network, which contributes to the low leakage current and frequency-independent dielectric properties. The ZrO2/SnO2 TFTs fabricated on flexible substrates using combustion synthesis exhibited excellent electrical characteristics, including a field-effect mobility of 26.16 cm2/Vs, a subthreshold swing of 0.125 V/dec, and an on/off current ratio of 1.13 × 106 at a low operating voltage of 3 V. Furthermore, we demonstrated flexible ZrO2/SnO2 TFTs with robust mechanical stability, capable of withstanding 5000 cycles of bending tests at a bending radius of 2.5 mm, achieved by scaling down the device dimensions.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-024-00362-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142563144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytic modeling and validation of strain in textile-based OLEDs for advanced textile display technologies","authors":"Junwoo Lee, Chang-Yeon Gu, Jaehyeock Chang, Eun Hae Cho, Taek-Soo Kim, Kyung Cheol Choi","doi":"10.1038/s41528-024-00361-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41528-024-00361-9","url":null,"abstract":"In the IoT era, the demand for wearable displays is rapidly growing, catalyzing the advancement of research into textile-based organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). This growing interest stems particularly from the inherent flexibility of textile-based OLEDs1,2, allowing for seamless integration into the dynamic and interactive functionalities of cutting-edge wearable technology, alongside their superior electrical performance. The durability and mechanical robustness of these displays, especially under physical stress and deformation, are critical to their practical application and longevity. Thus, understanding and enhancing the mechanical properties of textile-based OLEDs is paramount for their successful integration into wearable technologies. However, many studies assessing the mechanical properties of OLEDs have predominantly relied on simplistic bending test outcomes determined by the radius, often neglecting or insufficiently analyzing the strain exerted on the OLEDs atop textile substrates in relation to curvature of these devices. Existing analyses typically presume pure bending, though such an assumption leads to considerable errors in strain estimations, making such approaches problematic if the goal is practical application in actual wearable display products. To address these limitations, an analytic model that includes a comprehensive energy equation is introduced, considering the stretching energy, bending energy, and shear energy of each layer composing the textile substrate. This holistic approach provides a novel formula specifically designed to calculate the top surface strain of textile substrates. Robust validation of this formula is conducted by comparing its results with strain measurements obtained from digital image correlation (DIC) and finite element analysis (FEA) outcomes from ANSYS across various bending radii (or equivalently, curvatures). The close alignment of the calculated strain values with those derived from DIC and FEA not only underscores the precision of this formula but also highlights its significant potential for enhancing the designs and functionalities of future wearable display technologies under real-world conditions.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-024-00361-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142541587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fully biodegradable electrochromic display for disposable patch","authors":"Se-Hun Kang, Ju-Yong Lee, Joo-Hyeon Park, Sung-Geun Choi, Sang-Ho Oh, Young-Chang Joo, Seung-Kyun Kang","doi":"10.1038/s41528-024-00360-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41528-024-00360-w","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible and biodegradable electronics have emerged as a promising solution for escalating electronic waste issue caused by the rapid development of skin patch electronics. Fully biodegradable displays are essential for visualizing biological/physical/chemical/electrochemical signals measured by a wide range of skin patch electronics. Here we propose fully biodegradable electrochromic display providing low operating voltage and low power consumption. The biodegradable transparent conductive electrode was fabricated by transferring free-standing tungsten nanomesh onto poly lactic-co-glycolic acid substrate using electrospinning templating, minimizing damage to the substrate. Electrochromic layer was tungsten oxide which is biodegradable, and a ferrocyanide/ferricyanide redox agent was utilized as a counter electrode reaction to enhance operational stability in an aqueous electrolyte by reducing operating voltage and side reactions. This display successfully visualized diverse signals from various biodegradable electronics such as UV sensors and electrochemical transistors, and finally underwent eco-friendly degradation in phosphate-buffered saline or soil under mild conditions.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-024-00360-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strain-dependent charge trapping and its impact on the operational stability of polymer field-effect transistors","authors":"Sangsik Park, Seung Hyun Kim, Hansol Lee, Kilwon Cho","doi":"10.1038/s41528-024-00359-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41528-024-00359-3","url":null,"abstract":"Despite recent dramatic improvements in the electronic characteristics of stretchable organic field-effect transistors (FETs), their low operational stability remains a bottleneck for their use in practical applications. Here, the operational stability, especially the bias-stress stability, of semiconducting polymer-based FETs under various tensile strains is investigated. Analyses on the structure of stretched semiconducting polymer films and spectroscopic quantification of trapped charges within them reveal the major cause of the strain-dependent bias-stress instability of the FETs. Devices with larger strains exhibit lower stability than those with smaller strains because of the increased water content, which is accompanied by the formation of cracks and nanoscale cavities in the semiconducting polymer film as results of the applied strain. The strain-dependence of bias-stress stability of stretchable OFETs can be eliminated by passivating the devices to avoid penetration of water molecules. This work provides new insights for the development of bias-stable stretchable OFETs.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-024-00359-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142488641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexible TiO2-WO3−x hybrid memristor with enhanced linearity and synaptic plasticity for precise weight tuning in neuromorphic computing","authors":"Jianyong Pan, Hao Kan, Zhaorui Liu, Song Gao, Enxiu Wu, Yang Li, Chunwei Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41528-024-00356-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41528-024-00356-6","url":null,"abstract":"Tungsten oxide (WO3)-based memristors show promising applications in neuromorphic computing. However, single-layer WO3 memristors suffer from issues such as weak memory performance and nonlinear conductance variations. In this work, a functional layer based on the hybrids of WO3−x and TiO2 is proposed for constructing flexible memristors featuring outstanding synaptic characteristics. Applying diverse electrical stimulations to the memristor enables a range of synaptic functions, elucidating its conduction mechanism through the conductive filament model. The incorporation of TiO2 not only enhances the memristor’s memory characteristics but makes its conductance more linear, symmetrical and uniform during the long-term changes. Furthermore, in view of the enhanced device performance by TiO2 doping, the potential of this device for simple behavioral simulation and processing of complex computing problems is explored. The “learning-forgetting-relearning” characteristics and device integrability are visually demonstrated. Applying the device to a convolutional neural network, the recognition accuracy of MNIST handwritten digits reaches 98.7%.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-024-00356-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142486882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time deep learning-assisted mechano-acoustic system for respiratory diagnosis and multifunctional classification","authors":"Hee Kyu Lee, Sang Uk Park, Sunga Kong, Heyin Ryu, Hyun Bin Kim, Sang Hoon Lee, Danbee Kang, Sun Hye Shin, Ki Jun Yu, Juhee Cho, Joohoon Kang, Il Yong Chun, Hye Yun Park, Sang Min Won","doi":"10.1038/s41528-024-00355-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41528-024-00355-7","url":null,"abstract":"Epidermally mounted sensors using triaxial accelerometers have been previously used to monitor physiological processes with the implementation of machine learning (ML) algorithm interfaces. The findings from these previous studies have established a strong foundation for the analysis of high-resolution, intricate signals, typically through frequency domain conversion. In this study we integrate a wireless mechano-acoustic sensor with a multi-modal deep learning system for the real-time analysis of signals emitted by the laryngeal prominence area of the thyroid cartilage at frequency ranges up to 1 kHz. This interface provides real-time data visualization and communication with the ML server, creating a system that assesses severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and analyzes the user’s speech patterns.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-024-00355-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142452075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author Correction: Stretchable wireless optoelectronic synergistic patches for effective wound healing","authors":"Qian Wang, Siyuan Cai, Guang Yao, Liyuan Zhang, Wenhao Lou, Youxin Chen, Qingqing Li, Maowen Xie, Xingyi Gan, Chenzheng Zhou, Taisong Pan, Min Gao, Kangning Zhao, Zhen Cai, Yuan Lin","doi":"10.1038/s41528-024-00358-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41528-024-00358-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-024-00358-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metallization of leaf-derived lignocellulose scaffolds for high-performance flexible electronics and oligodynamic disinfection","authors":"Rakesh Rajendran Nair, Mihai Nita-Lazar, Valeriu Robert Badescu, Cristina Iftode, Jakob Wolansky, Tobias Antrack, Hans Kleemann, Karl Leo","doi":"10.1038/s41528-024-00353-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41528-024-00353-9","url":null,"abstract":"Vascular tubules in natural leaves form quasi-fractal networks that can be metallized. Traditional metallization techniques for these lignocellulose structures are complex, involving metal sputtering, nanoparticle solutions, or multiple chemical pretreatments. Here we present a novel, facile, and reliable method for metallizing leaf-derived lignocellulose scaffolds using silver microparticles. The method achieves properties on-par with the state-of-the-art, such as broadband optical transmittance of over 80%, sheet resistances below 1 Ω/sq., and a current-carrying capacity exceeding 6 A over a 2.5 × 2.5 cm² quasi-fractal electrode. We also demonstrate copper electrodeposition as a cost-effective approach towards fabricating such conductive, biomimetic quasi-fractals. Additionally, we show that these metallized structures can effectively eliminate pathogenic microorganisms like fecal coliforms and E. coli, which are bacterial indicators of microbiological contamination of water. We finally show that these oligodynamic properties can be significantly enhanced with a small externally applied voltage, indicating the noteworthy potential of such structures for water purification and pollution control.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-024-00353-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142447854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of gas-liquid two-phase flow patterns based on flexible ultrasound array and machine learning","authors":"Hang Liu, Jinhui Fan, Xinyi Lin, Kai Lin, Suhao Wang, Songyuan Liu, Fei Wang, Jizhou Song","doi":"10.1038/s41528-024-00354-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41528-024-00354-8","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasound technology has been recognized as the mainstream approach for the identification of gas-liquid two-phase flow patterns, which holds great value in engineering domain. However, commercial rigid probes are bulky, limiting their adaptability to curved surfaces. Here, we propose a strategy for autonomous identification of flow patterns based on flexible ultrasound array and machine learning. The array features high-performance 1–3 piezoelectric composite material, stretchable serpentine wires, soft Eco-flex layers and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) adhesive layer. The resulting ultrasound array exhibits excellent electromechanical characteristics and offers a large stretchability for an intimate interfacial contact to curved surface without the need of ultrasound coupling agents. We demonstrated that the flexible ultrasound array combined with machine learning can accurately identify gas-liquid two-phase flow patterns, in a circular pipeline. This work presents an effective tool for recognizing gas-liquid two-phase flow patterns, offering engineering opportunities in petroleum extraction and natural gas transportation.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-024-00354-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142449626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active-type piezoelectric smart textiles with antifouling performance for pathogenic control","authors":"Su Eon Lee, Hanna Lee, Jang Hwan Kim, Jae Chul Park, Sooah Kyung, Hayoung Choi, Su Hyun Baek, Jun Hyun Park, Sohyun Park, Jeong-Min Kim, Hye-Jun Jo, Seung Hyeon Cho, Jiwoong Kim, Hojun Kim, Seung Ho Han, Jun Kyun Oh, Bong Hoon Kim","doi":"10.1038/s41528-024-00350-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41528-024-00350-y","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, an investigation into preventive measures for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has garnered considerable attention. Consequently, strategies for the proactive prevention of viral pathogens have also attracted significant interest in the field of wearable devices and electronic textiles research, particularly due to their potential applications in personal protective equipment. In this study, we introduce smart textiles designed with optimized piezoelectric devices that exhibit antifouling performance against microorganisms and actively inactivate viruses. These active-type smart textiles, which incorporate advanced lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics, a stretchable interconnector array, and polymeric fabric, demonstrate effective antifouling capabilities, detaching approximately 90% of Escherichia coli and 75% of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, they inactivate viruses, releasing ~26.8 ng of N protein from ruptured SARS-CoV-2, using ultrasonic waves within the wearable platform. Experimental results show that piezoelectric smart textiles significantly reduce the spread of COVID-19 by leveraging the electrical and acoustic properties of PZT ceramics.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-024-00350-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142385005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}