npj Flexible Electronics最新文献

Vacuum fluidic circuits with logic control and on-site oscillation tunability for electronics-free soft robots 具有逻辑控制和现场振荡可调性的无电子软机器人真空流控电路

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2026-04-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-026-00581-1

Tao Jin, Zhenzhou Wang, Sicheng Yi, Yangqiao Lin, Long Li, Yingzhong Tian, Peng Qi, Raye Chen-hua Yeow

{"title":"Vacuum fluidic circuits with logic control and on-site oscillation tunability for electronics-free soft robots","authors":"Tao Jin, Zhenzhou Wang, Sicheng Yi, Yangqiao Lin, Long Li, Yingzhong Tian, Peng Qi, Raye Chen-hua Yeow","doi":"10.1038/s41528-026-00581-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-026-00581-1","url":null,"abstract":"Fluidic circuits advance the soft pneumatic robot beyond the dependence on bulky and rigid control components. However, many existing fluidic logic architectures, which were primarily developed for positive pressure operation, exhibit limited adaptability to vacuum actuation, particularly in achieving on-site period tunability in fluidic oscillators. This paper presents vacuum fluidic circuits that leverage origami-inspired soft valves to achieve logic control and tunable oscillation for soft robotic manipulation in dynamic scenarios. The soft valve achieves airflow control via tube kinking and serves as a fundamental NOT logic gate. This design contributes to more complicated logic operations and fluidic oscillators via strategic valve arrangements. Based on the theoretical analysis, the flow regulator is introduced into fluidic circuits to enable the tunable oscillating period from 2.4 s to 15.6 s. Combined with logic input and programmable actuation, diversified robotic operations, including autonomous actuation, object sieving with multi-level periods, and omnidirectional locomotion control, demonstrates the control flexibility for versatile applications. This on-site tunability of fluidic circuit enables vacuum-driven soft robots to perform dexterous and electronics-free operations with scalability and programmability, showcasing the possibility toward mechanical intelligence.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147751778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermally robust LiPON synaptic transistors with tunable plasticity for reservoir computing 热鲁棒LiPON突触晶体管与可调塑性水库计算

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2026-04-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-026-00579-9

Zhiyuan Luo, Zhengdong Jiang, Peicheng Jiao, Yutao Xiong, Pavel A. Forsh, Andrey V. Emelyanov, Yulin Liu, Yanghui Liu, Gang Liu

{"title":"Thermally robust LiPON synaptic transistors with tunable plasticity for reservoir computing","authors":"Zhiyuan Luo, Zhengdong Jiang, Peicheng Jiao, Yutao Xiong, Pavel A. Forsh, Andrey V. Emelyanov, Yulin Liu, Yanghui Liu, Gang Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41528-026-00579-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-026-00579-9","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional silicon-based CMOS devices encounter severe limitations in high-temperature environments, including functional layer degradation, excessive leakage currents, and the inherent von Neumann bottleneck resulting from the physical separation of memory and computation units. These constraints impede their use in intelligent systems operating under thermally harsh conditions. In this work, we present a thermally robust synaptic transistor based on a lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON) solid-state electrolyte gate dielectric and an indium tin oxide (ITO) semiconductor channel, enabling stable operation over a wide temperature range from 25 °C to 150 °C. Even at 150 °C, it retains a high on/off ratio of (7.56 ± 1.08) × 105 and a subthreshold swing as low as 271 ± 14 mV/dec, demonstrating superior thermal stability compared with conventional ion-gel and proton-conducting gate dielectrics. More importantly, by exploiting the temperature-dependent synaptic plasticity with relaxation timescales tunable over several orders of magnitude, we realize a high-temperature physical reservoir computing (RC) system. This RC system achieves 93.07% accuracy in dynamic pattern recognition and a normalized error of 0.0154 in Mackey-Glass chaotic time-series prediction under high-temperature conditions. This work paves the way for intelligent sensing and edge computing in extreme thermal environments, such as deep-space exploration and geothermal energy development.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147709333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrically tunable UV–visible modulation and voltage-controlled quantum dot emission via polymer network liquid crystals 电可调谐紫外可见调制和电压控制量子点发射通过聚合物网络液晶

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2026-04-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-026-00578-w

Archana Ramadas, Mangesh D. Patekari, Seung Hee Lee, MinSu Kim

{"title":"Electrically tunable UV–visible modulation and voltage-controlled quantum dot emission via polymer network liquid crystals","authors":"Archana Ramadas, Mangesh D. Patekari, Seung Hee Lee, MinSu Kim","doi":"10.1038/s41528-026-00578-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-026-00578-w","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic modulation of ultraviolet (UV) and visible light is important for smart windows, adaptive photonics, and emerging display technologies. Here we report a vertically aligned polymer network liquid crystal (PNLC) platform that enables electrically tunable UV–visible light control with high optical clarity and low operating voltage. Using a negative dielectric anisotropy liquid crystal and optimized UV polymerization, the PNLC device exhibits high transparency in the field-off state (~83% transmittance with ~1.5% haze) and switches to a strongly scattering state (~90% haze) under applied electric fields. Electro-optical switching begins at ~1.5 V μm-1 and saturates near ~3.4 V μm-1, with attenuation governed by field-induced refractive-index mismatch rather than intrinsic absorption. By integrating the PNLC shutter with InP/ZnSe/ZnS QD/NOA composite layers, we demonstrate electrical modulation of quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) through excitation gating. Green and red QDs emit at ~530 and ~630 nm and show reversible intensity modulation with high modulation depth (~92–97%). The device also exhibits millisecond-scale switching and stable operation over repeated cycles. This architecture establishes a quantum dot liquid crystal display (QD-LCD) concept, offering a pathway toward high-brightness, long-lifetime, and low-voltage photonic and display systems.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147685145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Durable skin-integrated liquid metal-based conductive tattoo for imperceptible and untethered human machine interfaces 耐用的皮肤集成液体金属为基础的导电纹身，难以察觉和不受束缚的人机界面

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2026-04-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-026-00567-z

Je Hyeong Kim, Gyeongsuk Park, Dongeun Kim, Hanbit Jin, Jung Rak Choi, Minu Kim, Seungkyu Lee, Minhyung Lee, Youngju Son, Sangyong Jon, Hye Jin Kim, Steve Park

{"title":"Durable skin-integrated liquid metal-based conductive tattoo for imperceptible and untethered human machine interfaces","authors":"Je Hyeong Kim, Gyeongsuk Park, Dongeun Kim, Hanbit Jin, Jung Rak Choi, Minu Kim, Seungkyu Lee, Minhyung Lee, Youngju Son, Sangyong Jon, Hye Jin Kim, Steve Park","doi":"10.1038/s41528-026-00567-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-026-00567-z","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic tattoos (e-tattoos) hold great potential for next-generation wearable electronics, but their widespread adoption is limited by challenges in electrical conductivity, mechanical durability, and user comfort. In this study, we introduce an Conductive and Durable EGaIn Particle (CDP) ink designed for imperceptible, untethered, and on-palm skin-integrated e-tattoos to overcome these limitations. By leveraging hydrogen bonding between poly(vinyl butyral-co-vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) (PVB-A) with nanosized silver (Ag) particles and oxide shell of EGaIn-based liquid metal particles, CDP achieves an exceptional initial electrical conductivity of 1.35 × 10⁵ S m⁻¹ without post-activation. This formulation facilitates the formation of a stable conductive percolating network while maintaining outstanding mechanical durability and resilience under repeated mechanical stresses, such as rubbing and pinching. These properties arise from the ink’s high conductivity even at a low Ag content and the intrinsic robustness of PVB-A with a high density of hydroxyl groups. To demonstrate its functionality, a CDP-based e-tattoo was applied to a human palm as a pressure-sensitive interconnect for human–machine interfaces. This system wirelessly transmitted real-time pressure data from human fingers to a robotic hand, enabling precise grip control. Our findings highlight the potential of CDP ink for advanced, highly durable e-tattoos in interactive and wearable electronic applications.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147685148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Butterfly wing-inspired high-bandwidth heart-on-a-chip reveals hidden mechanical dynamics of cardiomyocytes 受蝴蝶翅膀启发的高带宽芯片心脏揭示了隐藏的心肌细胞机械动力学

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2026-04-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-026-00564-2

Hao Chen, Wenhong Zhang, Jun Chen, Junlei Han, Zhixiang Liang, Jiemeng Ding, Xinyu Li, Jianhua Li, Li Wang

{"title":"Butterfly wing-inspired high-bandwidth heart-on-a-chip reveals hidden mechanical dynamics of cardiomyocytes","authors":"Hao Chen, Wenhong Zhang, Jun Chen, Junlei Han, Zhixiang Liang, Jiemeng Ding, Xinyu Li, Jianhua Li, Li Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41528-026-00564-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-026-00564-2","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, driving the need for novel platforms that capture both the electrical and mechanical facets of cardiac function. While high-resolution electrophysiological techniques, such as patch clamp and microelectrode arrays, provide detailed insights into the electrical activity of cardiomyocytes, methods to accurately resolve their mechanical contractility are still limited. Conventional heart-on-a-chip devices typically employ sensors with low bandwidth and high damping, which distort the fine-scale mechanical signals critical to understanding excitation-contraction coupling. Here, we present a novel, butterfly wing-inspired heart-on-a-chip platform that incorporates a carbon nanotube (CNT)/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-based strain sensor fabricated via direct ink writing, achieving a bandwidth of 22.85 Hz. This enhanced capability enables high-fidelity, multi-frequency detection of cardiomyocyte contractile waveforms, revealing previously undetectable features such as secondary peaks and rapid strain transitions. Our approach provides a complementary tool to existing electrophysiological methods, paving the way for improved mechanistic insights and more precise drug screening in cardiovascular research.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147655977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Digital and scalable laser-based fabrication of reusable bismuth telluride thermoelectrics with superior performance and mechanical flexibility 具有优异性能和机械灵活性的可重复使用碲化铋热电材料的数字化和可扩展激光制造

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2026-04-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-026-00561-5

Isidro Florenciano, Viktor Naenen, Altynay Kaidarova, Michael Ng, Francisco Molina-Lopez

{"title":"Digital and scalable laser-based fabrication of reusable bismuth telluride thermoelectrics with superior performance and mechanical flexibility","authors":"Isidro Florenciano, Viktor Naenen, Altynay Kaidarova, Michael Ng, Francisco Molina-Lopez","doi":"10.1038/s41528-026-00561-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-026-00561-5","url":null,"abstract":"Thermoelectrics (TEs) convert waste heat into electrical power while enabling on-demand heating and cooling. Those attributes make TEs particularly appealing to satisfy the heterogeneous needs of wearables and the Internet of Things (IoT). However, current TEs are limited in terms of form factor and scalability. To address these limitations, this work demonstrates a scalable, flexible, and potentially reusable thermoelectric platform produced via the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of optimized n-type Bi2Te3 and p-type Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 materials. These laser-printed materials exhibited high power factors exceeding 1200 μW m−1 K−2, resulting in a figure of merit (zT) greater than 0.2. When integrated into flexible planar devices, an output power of up to 70 μW was achieved at ΔT = 40 K for a footprint area of 8.3 cm2. The devices maintained electrical functionality under bending radii as small as 7.5 mm and withstood over 500 bending cycles. Designed for durability and recyclability, devices damaged by extreme bending could be partially reconditioned via hot pressing. Furthermore, the devices were easily disassembled into half-device modules, enabling straightforward separation and potential recovery of the printed materials. The versatility of the devices was demonstrated through the “active cooling fins” implementation, allowing efficient through-plane thermal harvesting on curved surfaces. This configuration could harvest up to 27 μW from the hot water pipe of a real heating system in ambient conditions. Additionally, rapid and reversible Peltier-driven cooling (~3 °C below room temperature within a few seconds) was achieved. This work highlights the potential of digitally manufactured, multifunctional flexible TEs for next-generation energy harvesting and thermal management in IoT nodes and wearable electronics.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147655979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and fabrication of patternable electrophoretic display textiles based on fiber-crossbar structure 基于纤维横杆结构的图案电泳展示纺织品的设计与制造

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2026-04-09 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-026-00571-3

Weichun Chen, Kainian Yang, Tao Zhou, Junjie He, Shen Huang, Yifan Gu, Simu Zhu, Jintao Shi, Zong Qin, Shaozhi Deng, Bo-Ru Yang

{"title":"Design and fabrication of patternable electrophoretic display textiles based on fiber-crossbar structure","authors":"Weichun Chen, Kainian Yang, Tao Zhou, Junjie He, Shen Huang, Yifan Gu, Simu Zhu, Jintao Shi, Zong Qin, Shaozhi Deng, Bo-Ru Yang","doi":"10.1038/s41528-026-00571-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-026-00571-3","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in flexible light-emitting yarns suitable for weaving have laid a foundation for the development of display textiles, propelling progress in flexible and wearable display devices. However, current luminous fibers/yarns suffer from critical limitations of high driving voltage, which pose safety concerns and result in poor sunlight readability, creating an urgent need for a wearable display technology that addresses these gaps. To solve these issues, we proposed a novel strategy to prepare electrophoretic display yarns (EPDY) with adjustable fineness via textile twisting technology combined with a simple continuous dip-coating process. The resulting EPDY exhibits high strength, flexibility, and excellent compatibility with common textile yarns. Besides, an electrophoretic fabric display unit was constructed by interlacing conductive yarns and EPDY to form a fiber crossbar architecture at the warp–weft contact points. For the first time, our study demonstrates a stable patterned EPD display integrated post-weaving through a passive matrix driving method. Notably, the fabricated patterned EPD fabric achieves an ambient contrast ratio of 5.7 under a driving voltage of 34 V, effectively mitigating the critical issue of poor outdoor readability. This work not only establishes a practical approach for fabricating weavable patterned EPD yarns and fabrics but also provides a technical foundation for improving the sunlight readability in wearable display systems. Ultimately, this research paves the way toward the industrialization of low-power wearable electrophoretic display devices, advancing the advancement of next-generation comfortable and wearable electronics.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147655978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flexoelectricity enables piezoelectric single crystals to be self-poled 挠性电使压电单晶能够自极化

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2026-04-09 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-026-00575-z

Woo-Jin Choi, Sangwook Kim, Hyunwook Nam, Hye-Lim Yu, Ho-Yong Lee, Sunho Moon, Huaiyu Wu, Jong Eun Ryu, Xiaoning Jiang, Kyoung-Seok Moon, Wook Jo

{"title":"Flexoelectricity enables piezoelectric single crystals to be self-poled","authors":"Woo-Jin Choi, Sangwook Kim, Hyunwook Nam, Hye-Lim Yu, Ho-Yong Lee, Sunho Moon, Huaiyu Wu, Jong Eun Ryu, Xiaoning Jiang, Kyoung-Seok Moon, Wook Jo","doi":"10.1038/s41528-026-00575-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-026-00575-z","url":null,"abstract":"Piezoelectric materials used in transducer applications suffer from thermal depolarization, resulting in performance degradation or complete loss of their piezoelectricity. Self-poling is a promising phenomenon, as it enables ferroelectric materials to spontaneously develop net polarization and exhibit piezoelectric response without a conventional poling process. However, the mechanism of self-poling in bulk ferroelectric materials remains controversial and unclear. Here, we demonstrate that inhomogeneous physical properties in the bulk ferroelectric single crystals can induce flexoelectricity-driven unidirectional self-poling. We confirmed the presence of inhomogeneous lattice parameters, thermal expansion coefficients, and phase transition temperatures along the [001] direction in the Mn-doped 0.71Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3−0.29PbTiO3 single crystal through in-situ high-energy synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction analysis. These inhomogeneities allow the single crystal to preserve its non-centrosymmetric state along the [001] direction well above TC and enable thermal activation of the self-poling even below TC. These self-poling ferroelectrics are expected to resolve critical reliability issues in future electronic applications.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147655981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tuning electro-thermo-mechanical coupling in electroactive nanocomposites for self-oscillating solid-state heat pumps 自振荡固态热泵用电活性纳米复合材料的电-热-机械耦合调谐

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2026-04-09 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-026-00569-x

Ruhong Luo, Feiyu Zhang, Cenling Huang, Donglin Han, Chengwei Ye, Binzhou Sun, Lu Yu, Shanyu Zheng, Feihong Du, Qiang Li, Yifan Zhao, Zhenhua Ma, Yezhan Lin, Yike Wang, Guangyu Lu, Xi Zhao, Shaochun Tang, Tiannan Yang, Xiaoshi Qian

{"title":"Tuning electro-thermo-mechanical coupling in electroactive nanocomposites for self-oscillating solid-state heat pumps","authors":"Ruhong Luo, Feiyu Zhang, Cenling Huang, Donglin Han, Chengwei Ye, Binzhou Sun, Lu Yu, Shanyu Zheng, Feihong Du, Qiang Li, Yifan Zhao, Zhenhua Ma, Yezhan Lin, Yike Wang, Guangyu Lu, Xi Zhao, Shaochun Tang, Tiannan Yang, Xiaoshi Qian","doi":"10.1038/s41528-026-00569-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-026-00569-x","url":null,"abstract":"Solid-state cooling based on the electrocaloric effect (ECE) offers low power consumption and zero greenhouse gas emissions. Among various designs of electrocaloric cooling devices, the flexible self-oscillating EC heat pumps, enabled by synergistic ECE and electrostriction in polymeric ferroelectrics, provide compact solutions. However, the development of such pumps has been hindered by the limited availability of polymeric ferroelectric materials that simultaneously exhibit strong ECE and electrostriction. Here, we present an industrially applicable strategy by incorporating amino-functionalized carbon dots (N-CDs) into a P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) terpolymer (TP). This approach yields a peak ECE of 75.2 J kg−1 K−1 at 1 wt% loading, while the transverse strain is maximized at 2.0% for the 2 wt% loading. Using multiple X-ray and infrared characterizations, we reveal that the N/CDs-fluoropolymer interface could markedly enhance the electric field-induced conformational transition. We evaluated the performance trade-off between ECE and electrostriction for self-oscillating EC devices, identifying the 2 wt% N-CDs/TP as the optimal material. Furthermore, a fabricated thin-film EC heat pump achieves a 4.2 K temperature span under 70 MV m−1 in an open environment, doubling the performance of the pristine terpolymer. Our findings underscore that synergistic optimization is crucial for advancing the performance of self-oscillating electrocaloric cooling devices.","PeriodicalId":48528,"journal":{"name":"npj Flexible Electronics","volume":"66 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147655980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neural network framework for predicting deposition thickness and electrical resistance in printed electronics 预测印刷电子器件沉积厚度和电阻的神经网络框架

IF 14.6 1区材料科学

npj Flexible Electronics Pub Date : 2026-04-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00471-y

Ajay Narayan Konda Ravindranath, Sunil Suresh Domala, Prashanth Kannan, Rajashekhar Reddy, Dipti Gupta

引用次数: 0