IET Electrical Systems in Transportation最新文献

{"title":"Design of a reliable and coordinated protection strategy for zonal shipboard power systems","authors":"Mehdi Mohammadzamani,&nbsp;Iman Sadeghkhani,&nbsp;Majid Moazzami","doi":"10.1049/els2.12080","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12080","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The reliable performance of the shipboard power system (SPS) is essential for the safe and efficient operation of marine vessels. SPSs are subject to various types of electrical faults that can cause equipment failure, system downtime, and even catastrophic events. One effective way to provide redundancy and fault tolerance in the event of a fault or failure is through the use of zonal configuration. However, the protection of such systems is a challenging task due to their complex topology and the potential for multiple sources of fault. Therefore, it is imperative to protect the SPS with zonal configuration from various types of fault to ensure its continuous operation. This article presents a comprehensive coordinated protection strategy for a hybrid AC/DC SPS with the zonal configuration by using the available protective equipment. The proposed strategy consists of fault current limiting, grounding, fault detection, and faulty section isolation, and provides both primary and backup protections for all SPS equipment, including generator, busbar, line, input and output feeders, loads, propulsion motors, and DC system. Also, it does not require a comprehensive communication infrastructure and training dataset. The selective and reliable performance of the proposed protection strategy is verified through several case studies under various fault scenarios in the ETAP environment. The article provides valuable insights into the selection and implementation of appropriate protection measures for the SPS with ring configuration which are useful for the designers, operators, and maintenance personnel, improving the reliability and safety of these critical and autonomous systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44665028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability analysis of multilevel and matrix converters used in more electric aircraft","authors":"Aanchal Verma,&nbsp;Aditya Singh,&nbsp;Kyadsandra Anand Kumar,&nbsp;Ram Khelawan Saket,&nbsp;Baseem Khan","doi":"10.1049/els2.12078","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12078","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents the current scenario related to the application of power electronics converters in aviation industries, major challenges and their reliability aspects. Recent developments in power electronics have given a major breakthrough in the aviation industry. These developments are not only limited to the more electric aircraft (MEA) but also in the field of electric propulsion, popularised as electric propulsion aircraft (EPA). The aircraft requires a well-established protection scheme of these converter topologies. The overall reliability of aircraft solely depends on its protection and fast mitigation of any fault if occurs in the cruise time. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of power converters applications in MEA and EPA. Further, a review of various topologies of Power Converters and their reliability assessment is also described in detail. The physics of Failure of switches, their lifetime estimation and thermal cycling have also been discussed. Finally, the reliability assessment of different topologies and their comparison has been discussed for overall performance enhancement of the MEA and EPA.</p>","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48008752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchical robust shipboard hybrid energy storage sizing with three-layer power allocation","authors":"Yingbing Luo,&nbsp;Sidun Fang,&nbsp;Irfan Khan,&nbsp;Tao Niu,&nbsp;Ruijin Liao","doi":"10.1049/els2.12077","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12077","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) have gradually been viewed as essential energy/power buffers to balance the generation and load sides of fully electrified ships. To resolve the balance issue of HESS under multiple power resources, that is, shipboard diesel generators and fuel cells (FCs), this study proposes a robust sizing method implemented with a power allocation strategy. The proposed method is hierarchically formulated as two sequential sub-problems: (1) a robust programming to determine the power/energy capacities of HESS under the maximal power demand scenario and (2) a control framework to fulfil the power allocation under multiple power resources. A ship case with one diesel engine and one FC is studied to show the validity of the proposed method. The simulation results show that the integration of HESS facilitates the power supply of critical propulsion loads. Compared with no HESS, HESS integration can reduce the deviation of direct current bus voltage sag by 56% and reduce the power fluctuations of the main engine and FC by 7.3% and 55.9%, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41928415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design rules to establish a credible More-Electric Engine baseline power architecture concept","authors":"Qiyang Zhang,&nbsp;Patrick Norman,&nbsp;Graeme Burt","doi":"10.1049/els2.12076","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12076","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The More-Electric Engine (MEE), with its electrified engine auxiliary systems and increased multi-shaft power offtake, is likely to become an increasingly central aspect of future More-Electric Aircraft. Consequently, lightweight but resilient electrical power architectures are needed for these future MEE applications. However, whilst a range of MEE architectures exist in the research literature, no effective baseline architecture or standardised feature identification has been proposed to specifically address their unique design requirements. Accordingly, any underpinning technology-focused research for critical MEE subsystems may ultimately have a reduced effectiveness without this credible baseline. Based on comprehensive design analyses, preliminary design requirements and anticipated operational modes, this article proposes key design rules for the formation of the first generic baseline MEE electrical power system architecture concept. Guidance is provided on features such as the number of power generation systems, the number and topologies of distribution channels, type of power conversion, essential load redundancy, and the location of emergency power supply. This article also provides full transparency of the design process so that key decision points can be revisited to capture application-specific requirements and updates to certification requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45992614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning of controller parameters for suppressing low frequency oscillations in electric railway traction networks using meta-heuristic algorithms","authors":"Prasenjit Dey,&nbsp;Phumin Kirawanich,&nbsp;Chaiyut Sumpavakup,&nbsp;Aniruddha Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1049/els2.12075","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Due to the interaction of electric multiple units (EMUs), and the electric traction networks, low frequency oscillations (LFOs) appear leading to traction blockade and overall stability related issues. For suppressing LFOs, coronavirus herd immunity optimiser (CHIO), a recently developed meta-heuristic, has been applied for tuning controller parameters. Controller parameters are tuned to minimise the integral time absolute error (ITAE) that regulates DC-link capacitor voltage. Results obtained using CHIO are compared with those found using other well-established algorithms like symbiotic organisms search (SOS) and particle swarm optimisation (PSO). The supremacy of CHIO over other mentioned algorithms for mitigating LFOs was demonstrated for a diverse range of operating conditions. Results demonstrates that overshoot for the proposed algorithm-based traction unit is 1.0061% whereas those for SOS and PSO based algorithm are obtained as 6.4542 % and 20.6166%, respectively which are quite high. CHIO is more stable than SOS and PSO and requires settling time of 0.1934 s only to reach steady-state condition, which is 50.21% faster than SOS and 65.03% faster than PSO. Also, the total harmonic distortion (THD) for line currents of the secondary side of traction transformer (TT) are obtained as 0.88%, 2.17%, and 12.48% for CHIO, SOS, and PSO, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46580058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and comparison of dual-stator axial-field flux-switching permanent magnet motors for electric vehicle application","authors":"Fariba Farrokh,&nbsp;Abolfazl Vahedi,&nbsp;Hossein Torkaman,&nbsp;Mahdi Banejad","doi":"10.1049/els2.12074","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this article, three dual-stator axial field flux-switching permanent magnet (DS-AFFSPM) topologies are selected, designed, and analysed in order to determine the most effective structure electric vehicle (EV) application based on torque density, power density, and efficiency. Accordingly, the introduced topologies are thoroughly compared in the same condition. The results show that, the high-power density, high-torque density, and high-efficiency, of the internal single-teeth rotor DS-AFFSPM topology is a suitable candidate for EV application because it has the lowest torque ripple.</p>","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41464481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive state-of-the-art review on reliability assessment and charging methodologies of grid-integrated electric vehicles","authors":"Saumya Singh,&nbsp;Ram K. Saket,&nbsp;Baseem Khan","doi":"10.1049/els2.12073","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12073","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article presents a comprehensive review on the reliability assessment and charging methodologies of electric vehicles (EVs) connected to the grid. In the transportation industry, EVs are acknowledged as effective ideas for reducing the consumption of fossil fuels and the emission of greenhouse gases. The article presents a critical survey of the various types of EVs and their performance, generally depend on the proper interface between power electronics converters and energy storage devices. Bi-directional converters are utilised to enhance efficiency and prolong battery life. This article explores an in-depth analysis of the grid connected converter topologies for distribution networks, charging infrastructures and standards, battery charging technologies (merits/demerits), and most advanced off-board and on-board EV chargers. Evaluating the reliability of grid-integrated EVs system is thus an important area of research. Then, the current research approaches vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and grid-to-vehicle (G2V) are demonstrated to describe travel behaviour, reliability parameters, and battery capacity associated with reliability and to assess the stability of the distribution system by incorporating EV discharging thresholds of both distribution networks and EVs. Finally, this article illustrates the positive as well as negative impacts of grid integration, issues related to EV converters, and specific suggestions for developing EV charging stations (CS) in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46707623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learnings from Rolls-Royce hybrid propulsion systems in flight testing of High Power, High Scalability Hybrid Powertrain aircraft","authors":"Péter Bodolai,&nbsp;Attila Vörösváczki,&nbsp;Gábor Bihari,&nbsp;Szabolcs Fási,&nbsp;Péter Szabó,&nbsp;Zoltán Koltai","doi":"10.1049/els2.12072","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12072","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article describes the collaborative efforts between Tecnam, Rolls-Royce, and Rotax to equip a 4-seat Tecnam P2010 aircraft with a parallel hybrid-electric powertrain, the first of its kind ever developed for general aviation, to help reduce fuel consumption while maintaining, and even extending, the aircraft range. The High Power, High Scalability Hybrid Powertrain project set out to design, build, ground-test and demonstrate in a flight campaign such a propulsion system. Creating a parallel hybrid-electric drive system, which brings together the electric and combustion engine worlds, creates a completely new set of challenges in the design, assembly, operation, and safety assurance of aircraft which must be addressed for a successful business proposition. The article reflects on some of the challenges faced as this innovative and scalable powertrain was developed on the road to minimise emissions in the aviation industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44395014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special issue on all-electric and hybrid-electric flight","authors":"Brian Simmers,&nbsp;Chris Gerada,&nbsp;Kaushik Rajashekara,&nbsp;Panos Laskaridis,&nbsp;Naoki Seki","doi":"10.1049/els2.12071","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12071","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Public and political pressures for environmental improvements are driving a wave of current interest in all-electric and hybrid-electric aircraft. These emerging new aircraft propulsion systems bring with them the promise of net-zero emissions and greatly reduced noise profiles. The main application focus is currently around smaller aircraft including general aviation, drones, urban air mobility, commuter, and electrical vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. In the slightly longer term, business and regional aircraft operators are also keen to adopt these novel propulsion systems and exploit their benefits.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The aim of this special issue of the &lt;i&gt;IET Electrical Systems in Transportation&lt;/i&gt; journal is to showcase original research on enabling technologies for all-electric and hybrid-electric flight. For this publication, there was also a desire to feature case studies, which express the ambitions of the customer base and detail the key technical hurdles to be addressed by the supply chain. Many propulsion system demonstrations are in development, whether in a lab environment or progressing to flight trials, and submissions on original research addressing the key technical challenges were also encouraged. Technology improvements in electrical machines, power electronics, energy storage, thermal management systems, and electrical system integration (including advanced control and protection) are required to make the vision for a more electric aviation fleet a reality. Papers which detail specific relevant technical advancements or review a range of these technological contributions are also included in this special issue.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Despite the many aerospace industry projects underway with the intention of realising the potential of all-electric and hybrid-electric flight, there appears to be a shortfall in underpinning research to support these projects. It is hoped that this special issue will inspire researchers and encourage innovations that will help to meet the many challenges that lie ahead in developing a sustainable and environmentally friendly air travel ecosystem.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The papers selected for this special issue have been peer reviewed by the Guest Editors and specialist reviewers. They include case studies on industrial flight trials for all-electric and hybrid-electric propulsion systems, evaluations against other modes of transport, innovative propulsion system architectures, and novel power electronics converter solutions. The selected papers are summarised in the following sections.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This paper reviews the numerous engineering challenges faced by the ACCEL consortium comprising Rolls-Royce, Electroflight, and YASA in designing, developing, and flying an all-electric aircraft. Three world records were set by the project team for top speed over 3 and 15 km distances and for the fastest 3000 m climb as officially verified by Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. During its record-breaking runs, the aircraft also c","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43238581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-state unified calculation model of rail potential and stray current in DC railway systems","authors":"Guifu Du,&nbsp;Zixuan Zheng,&nbsp;Qiaoyue Li,&nbsp;Fengchuan Xu,&nbsp;Tianye Zhang,&nbsp;Dongliang Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoping Zhang,&nbsp;Weiguo Huang","doi":"10.1049/els2.12070","DOIUrl":"10.1049/els2.12070","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In order to calculate the dynamic distribution of rail potential and stray current accurately, a multi-state unified calculation model of rail potential and stray current is proposed, and the characteristics of different protection devices and reflux system in multi-state DC railway systems are analysed. In the proposed model, the multi-state characteristics of the traction substation, train, protection devices and reflux system are uniformly simulated by unified node models. The mixed simulation parameters of the catenary and reflux system are unified to lumped parameter networks, and the multi-node voltage equations are established based on the simulation model. Then, the power flow of DC railway systems is calculated using an iterative solution, and the dynamic distribution of rail potential and stray current are solved by differential equations. The multi-state unified calculation model is built and the distribution of rail potential and stray current in different conditions are simulated based on the parameters of Wuxi Subway Line 2. In order to verify the multi-state unified calculation model proposed, field tests and simulations are carried out. Results show that the multi-state unified calculation model can unify the complex states of DC railway systems and calculate the distribution of rail potential and stray current accurately.</p>","PeriodicalId":48518,"journal":{"name":"IET Electrical Systems in Transportation","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/els2.12070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46797273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}