Materials Today Nano最新文献

{"title":"Atomically dispersed iron as catalase nanozyme towards biomimetic electrochemical detection of reactive oxygen species","authors":"Vadakke Purakkal Sruthi,&nbsp;Devarasu Mohanapriya,&nbsp;Rajashri R. Urkude,&nbsp;Kathavarayan Thenmozhi,&nbsp;Sellappan Senthilkumar","doi":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2026.100880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2026.100880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single atom nanozymes are known to mimic the active metal centre of the natural enzymes and are trending in today's world owing to their enormous advantageous features which include robustness, ease of synthesis and high catalytic activity. Thus, we envisaged to explore the catalase-mimicking activity of the well-known iron single atom (FeSA), and to employ it towards the electrochemical sensing of a non-radical reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The FeSA was synthesized through pyrolysis of iron-doped zeolitic imidazole framework and detailed characterization revealed its structural resemblance to the active sites of the catalase enzyme. Notably, the enzyme-mimicking characteristics was investigated using UV-Vis and fluorescence measurements, which established the catalase-mimetic behaviour of FeSA. The FeSA nanozyme was then modified over a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to attain the desired FeSA/GCE sensor and subjected to electrocatalytic investigation. The developed sensor was capable of detecting H₂O₂ at zero applied potential and portrayed linear ranges from 5 to 75 μM and 75 μM – 1.4 mM with a very low detection limit of 1.22 μM. The Michaelis-Menten parameters, <em>K</em>_m and <em>I</em>_max of FeSA were calculated to be 223.3 μM and 333.3 μA, respectively, which evidences the enhanced enzyme-substrate affinity compared to the catalase enzyme.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48517,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Nano","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100880"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148642084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrathin scintillators enabled via rapidly growing large-area 2D lanthanide oxychloride doped with Eu3+/Tb3+ for X-ray imaging","authors":"Hao Chen,&nbsp;Liang Li,&nbsp;Xuefang Lu,&nbsp;Shunze Huang,&nbsp;Man Xia,&nbsp;Jianzhong Xu,&nbsp;Xiwei Lai,&nbsp;Zewenhui Zhang,&nbsp;Xin Qian,&nbsp;Tianyu Xu,&nbsp;Feng Huang,&nbsp;Richeng Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2026.100927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2026.100927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultrathin scintillators are key components of high-spatial-resolution X-ray detectors in medical imaging, high-precision nondestructive inspection, and high-energy physics. Currently, the spatial resolution of X-ray imaging detector generally is enabled by high-light-yield scintillators with minimal optical scattering. However, suppressing optical scattering losses typically require the scintillation layers thinner than a few tens of micrometers, which is difficult to obtain through conventional top-down mechanical thinning. Here, a bottom-up method that rapidly growing inch-sized, Eu³⁺/Tb³⁺ doped lanthanide oxychloride (LaOCl) films via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is proposed to obtain large-area ultrathin scintillators. The doping Eu³⁺/Tb³⁺ ions act as luminescent activators and provide strong red and green scintillation through efficient f-f intra-configurational transitions, which are shielded from the host lattice by the outer 5s²5p⁶ electron shells, resulting in sharp emission lines and high quantum efficiency. The layered crystal structure of LaOCl further facilitates anisotropic growth, enabling precise control of film thickness from a few atomic layers up to the micrometer scale. The growing LaOCl:Eu³⁺ film with thickness of approximately 30 μm shows a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 99.3%, and demonstrating an ultralow X-ray dose-rate detection limit of 143.41 nGy s⁻¹, owing to efficient energy transfer from the LaOCl host to the activator ions. Furthermore, the growing LaOCl:Eu³⁺/Tb³⁺ films exhibit excellent linear response and radiation hardness under X-ray exposure, retaining above 95% of their initial intensity after prolonged cyclic irradiation at 27.8 μGy s⁻¹ for 24,000 s. These results demonstrate CVD-grown LaOCl:Ln films as a promising platform for high-resolution and low-dose X-ray imaging detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48517,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Nano","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100927"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148730362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced charge transfer in noble-metal-loaded gallium oxide for selective electrochemical sensing of heroin and morphine in biological matrix","authors":"Neha Anil,&nbsp;Preeti Parmar,&nbsp;Siddharth Sameer,&nbsp;Ruturaj Solanki,&nbsp;Partha Halder,&nbsp;Rupak Banerjee,&nbsp;Arvind Kumar Saxena,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Colmenares Q,&nbsp;Bappi Paul","doi":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2026.100923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2026.100923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electrochemical detection of opioids such as heroin and morphine remains a critical challenge in forensic and biomedical analysis. In this work, metal-decorated gallium oxide (Ga₂O₃) nanomaterials were synthesized via a solvent-mediated approach, in which water was found to be a superior solvent over ethylenediamine, yielding well-defined nanorods within the nanometer range. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that the smaller, water-synthesized nanoparticles exhibited lower charge-transfer resistance (0.59 kΩ), indicating more efficient charge transfer. This nanometer-range morphology was therefore identified as optimal for the electrochemical sensing of heroin and morphine. Calcination of the synthesized materials promoted the formation of the thermodynamically stable β-Ga₂O₃ phase, thereby enhancing the electrochemical activity of the resultant nanostructures. Copper (Cu), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), and gold (Au) were systematically loaded onto the surface of the Ga₂O₃ host framework, forming metal-Ga₂O₃ heterojunctions; Au and Ag produced discrete nanoparticle-decorated rod morphologies, while Pd and Cu formed evenly dispersed, spherical particle morphologies on the Ga₂O₃ surface. Comprehensive characterization by XRD, TEM, SEM, TGA, and XPS confirmed phase purity, morphology, thermal stability, and elemental composition of all materials. Among the synthesized composites, the silver-loaded gallium oxide modified glassy carbon electrode demonstrated the best electrochemical performance and enabled sensitive differential pulse voltametric detection of heroin (LOD = 0.175 μM) and morphine (LOD = 0.42 μM) at physiological pH 7. Interference studies with common cutting agents such as caffeine, alprazolam, and paracetamol confirmed strong selectivity with negligible cross-reactivity in complex matrices. Real-sample analysis of urine further validated the sensor's practical utility, demonstrating effective and reliable opioid detection under biologically relevant conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48517,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Nano","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100923"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148730530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanodrug-mediated strategies for targeting the undruggable: Comparative perspectives on targeted protein degradation and stabilization","authors":"Kyung Seo Joo,&nbsp;In Ah Kwon,&nbsp;Jun-Young Park,&nbsp;Dongwoo Khang","doi":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2026.100941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2026.100941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional small-molecule inhibitors and antibody-based therapies often provide incomplete control of membrane and extracellular targets due to limited accessibility, transient occupancy, and emergent resistance. Targeted protein degradation (TPD) and targeted protein stabilization (TPS) are emerging therapeutic modalities that move beyond inhibition to directly control protein abundance, enabling bidirectional regulation of protein homeostasis. However, many TPD and TPS agents are chemically complex and often exhibit unfavorable solubility, pharmacokinetics, and tissue selectivity, particularly when effective activity depends on membrane engagement, internalization, and precise subcellular routing. Nanoparticle-based nanodrug platforms provide an enabling layer that improves payload stability and exposure, concentrates agents within diseased tissues, and introduces multivalent targeting and stimulus-responsive release to enhance on-target modulation while limiting systemic off-target activity. While this review centers on nanodrug-enabled control of membrane and extracellular \"undruggable\" proteins, we also draw on intracellular PROTAC case studies as mechanistic and delivery precedents, since the multivalency, stimuli-responsive release, and catalytic dosing principles they establish are directly transferable to the less explored but higher-need domain of membrane and extracellular protein control. Mechanistically, nanodrug delivery can potentiate PROTACs for ubiquitin-proteasome mediated degradation of intracellular targets, extend induced turnover to membrane and extracellular proteins via LYTACs that exploit endocytic trafficking and lysosomal degradation, and, as an emerging and largely prospective direction, may extend to targeted protein stabilization through nanodrug-compatible DUBTACs that protect therapeutically beneficial but unstable proteins from ubiquitin-dependent turnover. This review synthesizes design principles that couple material composition, surface functionalization, and trafficking logic to biological specificity, and surveys case studies across major cancer types in which polymeric, lipid-based, inorganic, and hybrid nanodrugs deliver TPD and TPS agents to modulate oncogenic and immune-regulatory pathways. Finally, we discuss key considerations for translation including manufacturability, biocompatibility, pharmacodynamic biomarkers, and emerging artificial intelligence–guided optimization strategies that may accelerate the development of nanodrug-enabled protein homeostasis therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48517,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Nano","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100941"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148934450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tunable volatility in 2D RbPb2Br5 memristor: Towards biomimetic synapses for neuromorphic computing","authors":"Suvankar Poddar,&nbsp;Pulok Das,&nbsp;Souvik Bhattacharjee,&nbsp;Abhrajit Roy,&nbsp;Kalyan Kumar Chattopadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2026.100947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2026.100947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-volatile drift memristors emulate biological synapses, while volatile memristors complement their synaptic dynamics. Integrating both offers an effective strategy for neuromorphic computing. In this regard, the RbPb₂Br₅ memristor exhibits tunable volatile and non-volatile modes. The fabricated device exhibited a stable bipolar switching with an ON/OFF ratio of ∼10², long retention (∼10,000 s), excellent endurance (&gt;1000 cycles), and low SET/RESET voltages in ambient atmosphere. The transition from volatile switching to non-volatile memory behavior is dictated by the changing of compliance current (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>I</mi><mtext>CC</mtext></msub></mrow></math></span>), shifting from a low-<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>I</mi><mtext>CC</mtext></msub></mrow></math></span> <span><math><mrow><mtext>Br</mtext></mrow></math></span>-vacancy (V_Br) self-relaxing sub-filament to a high-<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>I</mi><mtext>CC</mtext></msub></mrow></math></span> <span><math><mrow><msup><mtext>Al</mtext><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>/ <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>V</mi><mtext>Br</mtext><mo>·</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span> hybrid conductive filament. KPFM measurements under different biasing conditions further confirm charge-carrier confinement and surface potential modulation, validating the electrostatic control of the synaptic response. Tunable volatile and non-volatile switching is achieved by controlling the compliance current and pulse duration during synaptic emulation. The device successfully replicates key synaptic features, including post synaptic current under excitatory and inhibitory mode, paired pulse facilitation/depression, post synaptic current response under various pulse frequency modulations, long-term potentiation and depression with tunable weight states under both identical and non-identical pulse simulation were systematically studied, facilitating robust plasticity. Moreover, sequenced pulse training facilitates adaptive learning behavior, demonstrating Pavlovian conditioning at the device level. This multifunctionality establishes RbPb₂Br₅ as a promising layered halide nanoplatelets materials that converges tunable memristive switching, neuromorphic learning and cognitive resilience opening the door towards energy efficient, compact and sustainable brain-inspired hardware building block.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48517,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Nano","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100947"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148935138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lightweight iron oxide decorated carbon nanotube/cellulose composite for broadband and tunable electromagnetic wave absorption","authors":"Yu Hu,&nbsp;Quanxin Liu,&nbsp;Xiyu Qiu,&nbsp;Jianzhong Guo,&nbsp;Xiaofan Ma,&nbsp;Yiming Chen,&nbsp;Lin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2026.100928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2026.100928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Constructing lightweight, outstanding electromagnetic wave absorbers through simple methods represents one of the key strategies to tackle electromagnetic pollution. Here, Fe₂O₃-modified carbon nanotube/cellulose composite (FCCA) was prepared by freeze-drying with cellulose nanofiber (CNF) as the matrix and the Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles and carbon nanotube (CNT) as functional fillers. The results indicate that the FCCA composite effectively attenuates electromagnetic waves by extending their propagation path to enhance multi-reflection and scattering, while the introduced CNT impart excellent conductivity, leading to substantial conduction loss. Also, the weakly magnetic Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles optimizes impedance matching, offers permeability, and enriches the electromagnetic wave dissipation mechanisms. Meanwhile, the abundant heterogeneous interfaces in the FCCA composite generate significant interface polarization, enhancing the polarization relaxation loss of electromagnetic waves. With an Fe₂O₃ nanoparticle loading of 20% (Fe₂O₃:CNT = 20%), the FCCA-20 composite demonstrated a competitive density of 48.1 mg cm⁻³. When the thickness was 2 mm, it delivered excellent absorption performance, characterized by a RL_min of −63.5 dB alongside a favorable bandwidth of 5.02 GHz. Furthermore, simulation of the RCS confirmed a maximum reduction of 24.22 dB m², which indicates effective electromagnetic wave attenuation by the FCCA composite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48517,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Nano","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100928"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148770377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon nanotube-based rectenna architecture for self-powered near-infrared selective photodetection","authors":"Husam AlTakroori,&nbsp;Sherif Elsayed,&nbsp;Ayman Rezk,&nbsp;Mohamed I. Helal,&nbsp;Dalaver H. Anjum,&nbsp;Ammar Nayfeh,&nbsp;Lianxi Zheng,&nbsp;Baker Mohammad,&nbsp;Moh'd Rezeq","doi":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2026.100953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2026.100953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-powered near-infrared (NIR) photodetectors based on silicon are typically broadband and junction-driven, limiting spectral discrimination without external filters. Here, a geometry-selective rectenna platform is demonstrated by integrating carbon nanotubes (CNTs), specifically horizontally aligned multiwalled CNTs (HA-MWCNTs), with a Pt/Al₂O₃/Si metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) diode. A CNT-free control device and Pt/CNT/Al₂O₃/Si devices with defined CNT lengths of 200, 400, 600, and 800 nm are compared under 405, 650, and 980 nm illumination. The control device establishes a silicon-dominated spectral baseline, whereas CNT integration enhances the illuminated response while preserving similar dark rectification. Among the investigated wavelengths, the strongest response was measured for the 200 nm device under 980 nm illumination, reaching approximately 2.3 μA at 1.0 V and 5.4 A W⁻¹. Stable switching is obtained with rise and fall times of approximately 20 and 29 ms, respectively. At zero external bias, the same device produces a short-circuit current of approximately 0.03 μA and an open-circuit photovoltage magnitude of approximately 94 mV. Electron microscopy, electron energy-loss spectroscopy, and finite-element simulations support a substrate-loaded CNT nanoantenna mechanism, establishing a silicon-compatible route toward compact, self-powered, geometry-tunable NIR photodetectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48517,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Nano","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100953"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149004380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep-learning-based grain boundary segmentation and quantitative microstructural characterization of normalized 1045 steel from optical microscopy","authors":"Fangfeiyuan Zhang,&nbsp;Jianli Zhou,&nbsp;Haolin Yan,&nbsp;Jiayi Tian,&nbsp;Ting Li,&nbsp;JinYuan Yang,&nbsp;Ze Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2026.100922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2026.100922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During normalizing, 1045 steel exhibits clear microstructural changes with temperature, particularly in grain-boundary morphology and grain-size distribution. Although optical microscopy (OM)-based metallographic analysis has increasingly incorporated digital and automated methods, challenges remain in efficiency, consistency, and standardized quantitative characterization. To address this issue, we develop a deep-learning-based platform for grain analysis and visualization using etched OM images of 1045 steel processed at different normalizing temperatures. The platform integrates grain-boundary segmentation, post-processing optimization, grain extraction, quantitative microstructural analysis, and visualization into a unified workflow. A boundary-aware neural network is employed to achieve robust grain-boundary extraction, while post-processing is used to improve boundary connectivity and enhance the reliability of subsequent grain analysis. Based on the extracted microstructure, grain-size distribution and grain-boundary network characteristics are quantitatively characterized. To validate the method, an OM–EBSD registration and statistical comparison framework is established, together with a tolerance-aware evaluation scheme. The results show that the platform effectively captures the evolution of grain-boundary networks and grain-size distributions in 1045 steel under different normalizing temperatures, and that the quantitative results derived from OM images agree well with EBSD measurements. This platform provides a fast and reliable tool for evaluating normalizing treatments and for standardized microstructural characterization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48517,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Nano","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100922"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148934445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polarization-controlled memristive switching in semiconductor–ferroelectric heterostructures for neuromorphic computing","authors":"Santu Kumar Ghosh,&nbsp;Tamal Dey,&nbsp;Subhajit Jana,&nbsp;Subham Saha,&nbsp;Chirantan Ganguly,&nbsp;Amal Kumar Das,&nbsp;Samit K. Ray","doi":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2026.100890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2026.100890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial synapses are essential hardware components for realizing energy-efficient, brain-inspired neuromorphic computing systems capable of overcoming the von Neumann memory bottleneck through computation-in-memory architectures. Here, we report a polarization-controlled memristive device based on semiconductor-ferroelectric heterojunction, in which MoS₂ nanosheets are incorporated into the PVDF matrix to engineer the interfacial electronic structure and modulate carrier transport. The remnant polarization of the PVDF layer generates an internal electrostatic field that dynamically controls interfacial charge trapping and detrapping, enabling polarization-assisted resistive switching in MoS₂/PVDF heterostructures. The device successfully emulates essential biological synaptic behaviors, including long-term potentiation, long-term depression, and paired-pulse facilitation, exhibiting highly stable and repeatable potentiation–depression characteristics over multiple cycles. The coupling between ferroelectric polarization and interfacial electronic transport leads to enhanced switching stability and reliable learning capability. The device exhibits a low areal programming energy of approximately 28.8 nJ mm⁻² per synaptic spike and demonstrates pulse-width-dependent conductance modulation. Leveraging these synaptic properties, handwritten pattern recognition using an artificial neural network (ANN) achieves a learning accuracy of 92.82%. Furthermore, system-level evaluation using a simulated spiking neural network (SNN), where experimentally derived conductance states are mapped as synaptic weights, yields a classification accuracy of 96% on the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) dataset, confirming reliable learning capability and efficient neuromorphic computation. These results establish the heterostructures as an attractive platform for polarization-engineered memristive synapses and highlight their strong potential for energy-efficient neuromorphic hardware enabling brain-inspired computing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48517,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Nano","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100890"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148642145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of layered double hydroxides: Routes, structural control, variable parameters, and biochar hybrids – A review","authors":"Ana T.C. Aguiar,&nbsp;Clarissa P. Rodrigues,&nbsp;Kátia R. de Souza","doi":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2026.100915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtnano.2026.100915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) are layered materials widely investigated for environmental remediation and energy catalysis due to their structural flexibility, high anion-exchange capacity, and compositional tunability. However, conventional synthesis pathways often lead to severe face-to-face sheet aggregation, restricted specific surface areas, and poor structural reproducibility. This review provides a critical evaluation of LDHs and their multifunctional hybrid composites, specifically focusing on the optimization of synthesis parameter synergies alongside the <em>in situ</em> crystallization of LDH layers onto porous biomass-derived biochars. It is systematically analyzed how the coupled interactions of variables (such as pH, cation ratios, and thermodynamic aging parameters) dictate phase purity, microstrain variations, and crystallization kinetics in conventional chemical methods and emerging technologies. To address the operational limitations of empirical batch precipitation, the integration of advanced methodologies, including continuous-flow microfluidics, mechanochemistry, and machine learning-guided predictive modeling, is evaluated. Furthermore, the interfacial mechanics of LDH–biochar hybrids are detailed, highlighting how carbonaceous matrices serve as heterogeneous templates. By correlating precise structural engineering with predictive synthesis parameters, this review establishes a rigorous foundation for the scalable implementation of these robust hybrids in targeted environmental remediation and electrocatalytic energy conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48517,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Nano","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100915"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148730376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}