{"title":"Shape memory poly (ether ether ketone)s with tunable chain stiffness, mechanical strength and high transition temperatures","authors":"Shuaiyi Yang, Yang He, J. Leng","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2022.2053228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2022.2053228","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Shape memory polymers, with intrinsic enhanced strength and high thermal stability, are highly demanded in aerospace, engineering manufacturing, and spatial structures. In this paper, we develop a series of thermoplastic shape memory poly(ether ether ketone)s (PEEKs) for the first time, achieving an excellent shape memory ability, high strength, and great thermal stability via a condensation polymerization. Through tuning the proportion of different bisphenol monomers, the flexibility of molecular main chains is adjusted, resulting in the regulation of transition temperature and mechanical performances. Synthesized PEEKs possess the tunable Tg from 143.3°C to 178.6°C, the enhanced tensile strength from 48.4 to 65.1 MPa, and Young’s modulus from 0.45 to 1.8 GPa, in addition to the excellent heat-triggered shape memory effect, as indicated by high recovery ratio (94%–98.9%) and fixity ratio (over 99.5%). Furthermore, after incorporating the magnetocaloric Fe3O4 particles, the composites exhibit remotely noncontact magnetic-triggered shape memory behaviors (Fe3O4 content over 10 wt%). These synthesized Tg tunable shape memory PEEKs and the composites have wide utilization potential in fields of engineering and aerospace structures, owing to the excellent mechanical properties, thermal stability, unique programmable deformation ability, and remote actuation.","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"13 1","pages":"1 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43560928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Tew, Tsung-Hsi Lee, L. Lo, Y. Khung, Nai-Tzu Chen
{"title":"Aptamerized silica/gold nanocapsules for stimulated release of doxorubicin through remote two-photon excitation","authors":"L. Tew, Tsung-Hsi Lee, L. Lo, Y. Khung, Nai-Tzu Chen","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2022.2033874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2022.2033874","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Precision-based drug delivery via remote triggering is fast becoming an attractive therapeutic design and is highly useful in complicated clinical situations that may require accurate site-delivery of drug while reducing the risk of collateral damage to surrounding healthy tissue. Of the many strategies available to achieve these desirable effects, silica/gold nano-assemblies offers a practical means to achieving these aims. Herein, as a proof-of-concept, a silica nanocapsule passivated with a gold outer nanoshell had been fabricated to deliver Doxorubicin, and this nano-assembly can be remotely triggered via two-photon excitation (TPE), even under in vivo setting. A polyethylene glycol (PEG) layer as well as AS1411 DNA aptamer had also been grafted to the surface to improve homing specificity toward MDA-MB-231 breast cancer tissue. The assembly of silica/gold nanocapsules was characterized via TEM, FTIR, and UV-Vis to validate the the nanoconstruct. Upon TPE irradiation, a higher expression level of Annexin V and Caspase-3 was observed in both in vitro and in vivo animal models. A significant reduction in tumor size on mice model was noticed after 21 days, and these results had suggested a viable nano-sized design serving as remotely triggered drug release platform based on current well-established silica nanoparticulate methodologies. Grahical abstract","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"13 1","pages":"79 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47183079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Long-term performance of packaged fiber Bragg grating sensors for strain monitoring inside creep medium","authors":"Huanyu Yang, Ying Huang, Zhi Zhou, J. Ou","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2022.2027548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2022.2027548","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To investigate the long-term performance of the packaged fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors embedded in civil infrastructure for strain monitoring, in this paper, the influence of host matrix’s creep effect on the behavior of the FBG sensors was systematically studied through theoretical, numerical, and experimental analysis. A theoretical strain transfer analysis between the optic fiber, packaging layer, and host matrix to consider the creep effect of the host matrix was performed accordingly for long-term strain monitoring. Parametric studies were carried out using numerical analysis for FBG sensors packaged with glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP), also known as FBG-GFRP sensors in concrete, as an example. The results show that embedded in a creep medium, an acceptable long-term performance of packaged FBG sensors requires the packaging layer to have a minimum length and maximum thickness. Laboratory long-term creep tests using epoxy resin and concrete as host matrix for FBG-GFRP sensors also clearly demonstrated that the influence of creep effect cannot be ignored for strain measurements if the host matrix has a creep potential and the developed correction model performed well to reduce measurement errors of such sensors in creep medium.","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"13 1","pages":"42 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45276801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiangqiang Zhang, J. Dong, Yantang Zhao, Yueyan Zheng
{"title":"Three-dimensional meta-architecture with programmable mechanical properties","authors":"Qiangqiang Zhang, J. Dong, Yantang Zhao, Yueyan Zheng","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2022.2051640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2022.2051640","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Artificial metamaterials have attracted widespread attention of research communities due to their anomalous physical properties compared to those of conventional materials. In this study, we designed a three-dimensional (3D) lightweight meta-architecture consisting of 6-connected anti-chiral honeycombs. The mechanical properties (e.g. Young’s modulus, compression strength, and Poisson’s ratio) of the proposed meta-architecture could be programmed by adjusting a series of geometric parameters, as shown through numerical simulations. Moreover, an optically sensitive polymer-based 3D meta-architecture with 6-connected anti-chiral features was constructed by the stereolithography method. Owing to the regulation of the negative Poisson’s ratio, 3D meta-architecture achieved a greater ductility under compression than those of traditional truss structures while retaining a relatively high strength and low density. Compression experiments validated the excellent tunability of the mechanical properties of the proposed 3D 6-connected anti-chiral structure. The results suggest the promising applications of this structure in lightweight aircraft, vibration isolation, and mechanical sensors Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"13 1","pages":"152 - 165"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47949325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yafei Pan, Lei Huang, Jiuxing Zhang, Yong Du, F. Luo
{"title":"Effects of boron content on the microstructure and properties of B x C-TiB2 (x=4.5, 6.5 or 8.5) ceramic composites by the reactive spark plasma sintering","authors":"Yafei Pan, Lei Huang, Jiuxing Zhang, Yong Du, F. Luo","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2022.2042423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2022.2042423","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT B x C-TiB2 ceramic composites were fabricated via reactive spark plasma sintering using TiC and B as the raw materials. The impact of B/TiC mole ratios on the phase compositions, densification behaviors, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the ceramic composites were investigated. The results showed that the stoichiometry of ‘B x C’ could be tailored by changing initial boron content and the obtained B4.5C, B6.5C and B8.5C phases have the same crystal structure (R-3 m). The excess of B enhanced the reaction between TiC and B, which released a large amount of hot energy and promoted the densification of the composites. The TB8.5 composite sintered at 1900°C had the best comprehensive mechanical properties, with hardness and flexural strength of 40.36 GPa and 551 MPa, respectively. The formation of nano-sized TiB2 grains induced by reaction were beneficial for improving the mechanical properties of these composites. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"13 1","pages":"100 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42852367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Compatibilization of PLA grafted maleic anhydrate through blending of thermoplastic starch (TPS) and nanoclay nanocomposites for the reduction of gas permeability","authors":"Niloofar Alikarami, Mahbod Abrisham, Xiayan Huang, Mahyar Panahi-Sarmad, Kanglei Zhang, Ke Dong, Xueliang Xiao","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2022.2051639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2022.2051639","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Here, the effects of compatibilization and clay nanoparticles on the gas permeability of nanocomposites of poly-lactic acid (PLA)/thermoplastic starch (TPS)/nanoclay were discussed. TPS and compatibilized PLA/TPS were tailored in the first step. The starch with D-sorbitol as a plasticizer was mingled through the internal mixer. Afterward, the maleination method was utilized on PLA to ameliorate the compatibilization of PLA and TPS. In this regard, maleic anhydrate (MA) has been grafted on PLA in the presence of L101 as a peroxide initiator via melt mixing to obtain PLA-g-MA. The optimum content of PLA-g-MA was about 4 phr, confirmed by DMTA and SEM. Noteworthy, the presence of PLA-g-MA has moderately improved the oxygen barrier. Then, the nanocomposites of PLA and TPS containing 1% of Cloisite-30B as well as the optimum compatibilizer (4phr), were produced by melt mixing in the masterbatch module leading to the formation of an extraordinary well-dispersed structure according to XRD patterns. The mixing order controlled the localization of nanosheets. It was concluded that the inclusion of 1% nanoclay in the PLA phase reduces the oxygen permeability by 55% compared to the pristine blend due to the tortuosity effect of nanosheets that are appropriately dispersed in the matrix. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"13 1","pages":"130 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43573950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent progress in three-dimensional flexible physical sensors","authors":"F. Zhang, Tianqi Jin, Zhaoguo Xue, Yihui Zhang","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2022.2047827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2022.2047827","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Three-dimensional (3D) functional systems are of rapidly growing interest over the past decade, from the perspective of both the fundamental and applied research. In particular, tremendous efforts have been devoted to the developments of 3D flexible, physical sensors, partly because of their substantial advantages over planar counterparts in many specific performances. In this review, we summarize recent advances in diverse categories of 3D flexible physical sensors, covering the photoelectric, mechanical, temperature, magnetic, and other physical sensors. This review mainly focuses on their design strategies, working principles and applications. Finally, we offer an outlook on the future developments, and provide perspectives on the remaining challenges and opportunities in this area. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"13 1","pages":"17 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43888686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The design and investigation of hydrogel-based metamaterials with ultra large negative hygroscopic expansion ratio","authors":"Lian-hua Ma, Su Wang, Jia Liu, Hong Gao, Wei Zhou","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2022.2049393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2022.2049393","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A design strategy for a mechanical metamaterial with large negative hygroscopic expansion (NHE) was proposed in this paper. Different from the reported structures, the present metamaterial is designed by constructing repeated lattice microstructure consisting of curved ligaments incorporating hydrogel active layers and polymer support layers and straight polymer bars. When immersed in the solution environment, the swelling of hydrogel layer of such composite structure induces the reversed bending of the ligament, leading to the overall ultra-large shrink (negative expansion) deformation of the metamaterial. Through the new structural design, large NHE effects can be achieved. The theoretical investigation and finite element analysis (FEA) were conducted to demonstrate the large negative expansion effects of such metamaterial. The results showed that the effective NHE ratio of the metamaterial is dependent of the curvature of the curved ligament and the size of both the ligament and the connecting rod. The ultra-large NHE ratios about −80% for the 2D structure and −90% for the 3D version can be obtained by adopting the structural parameters. The newly designed metamaterials have potential applications in medical and other fields. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"13 1","pages":"114 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49187358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"All-solid-state carbon-nanotube-fiber-based finger-muscle and robotic gripper","authors":"Xia Liu, Hua Ji, Boyan Liu, Qingsheng Yang","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2022.2028928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2022.2028928","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) have many desirable properties such as lightweight, high strength, high conductivity, and long lifetimes. Coiled CNTF is an ideal material for preparing electrochemically driven artificial muscles. While previous studies focused mainly on the actuation performance of artificial muscles made of CNTF, this study focuses on an actuator that mimics human finger movements (flexion). More specifically, the preparation of CNTF muscles were optimized by twisting with weight. Then, actuators are designed and assembled by combining all-solid-state CNTF muscles with polypropylene (PP) sheets. Moreover, a dual-electrode system, which is infiltrated by a gel electrolyte, is built into the muscle actuator. In addition, a robotic gripper is fabricated, which uses these actuators. This study can help improve the design of CNTF-based muscle-actuators and future applications in robotics. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"13 1","pages":"64 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44165501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Yu, Xiaoyun Wen, C. Du, Ling-Yun Wang, Shao-Jie Zhu
{"title":"Design and performance study of a segmented intelligent isolation bearing","authors":"G. Yu, Xiaoyun Wen, C. Du, Ling-Yun Wang, Shao-Jie Zhu","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2021.2004257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2021.2004257","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper, a novel type of isolator, named segmented intelligent isolation bearing (SIIB), is designed and manufactured, which can meet the requirements of seismic fortification under three seismic intensities, i.e. frequent intensity, basic intensity, and rare intensity. A theoretical formula for the output of the SIIB is established to provide a basis for the determination of the size of the SIIB. MRE and STMP used in SIIB were prepared, of which the changes of shear storage modulus and damping factor with the magnetic field under different strain are analyzed. The mechanical properties of the SIIB under small displacement, medium displacement, and large displacement are tested, respectively, and the hysteretic characteristics of force–displacement are analyzed. The dynamic mechanical model combining the rheological model, phenomenological model, and bilinear restoring force model is established to represent the behavior of the SIIB. The results showed that the theoretical results agree well with the experimental results, and the model can significantly reflect the dynamic characteristics of SIIB. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":"511 - 532"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44343036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}