npj Science of Learning最新文献_第9页

Native learning ability and not age determines the effects of brain stimulation. 决定大脑刺激效果的是本土学习能力，而不是年龄。

IF 3.6 1区心理学

npj Science of Learning Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-024-00278-y

Pablo Maceira-Elvira, Traian Popa, Anne-Christine Schmid, Andéol Cadic-Melchior, Henning Müller, Roger Schaer, Leonardo G Cohen, Friedhelm C Hummel

{"title":"Native learning ability and not age determines the effects of brain stimulation.","authors":"Pablo Maceira-Elvira, Traian Popa, Anne-Christine Schmid, Andéol Cadic-Melchior, Henning Müller, Roger Schaer, Leonardo G Cohen, Friedhelm C Hummel","doi":"10.1038/s41539-024-00278-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41539-024-00278-y","url":null,"abstract":"Healthy aging often entails a decline in cognitive and motor functions, affecting independence and quality of life in older adults. Brain stimulation shows potential to enhance these functions, but studies show variable effects. Previous studies have tried to identify responders and non-responders through correlations between behavioral change and baseline parameters, but results lack generalization to independent cohorts. We propose a method to predict an individual's likelihood of benefiting from stimulation, based on baseline performance of a sequential motor task. Our results show that individuals with less efficient learning mechanisms benefit from stimulation, while those with optimal learning strategies experience none or even detrimental effects. This differential effect, first identified in a public dataset and replicated here in an independent cohort, was linked to one's ability to integrate task-relevant information and not age. This study constitutes a further step towards personalized clinical-translational interventions based on brain stimulation.","PeriodicalId":48503,"journal":{"name":"npj Science of Learning","volume":"9 1","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11603171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142740997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inequality in pandemic effects on school track placement and the role of social and academic embeddedness. 大流行病对学业安排的不平等影响以及社会和学业嵌入性的作用。

IF 3.6 1区心理学

npj Science of Learning Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-024-00283-1

Herman G van de Werfhorst, Dieuwke Zwier, Sara Geven, Thijs Bol, Carla Haelermans

{"title":"Inequality in pandemic effects on school track placement and the role of social and academic embeddedness.","authors":"Herman G van de Werfhorst, Dieuwke Zwier, Sara Geven, Thijs Bol, Carla Haelermans","doi":"10.1038/s41539-024-00283-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41539-024-00283-1","url":null,"abstract":"Using register data and linked student-level sociometric survey data from the Netherlands, this study examines whether the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on schooling outcomes (track recommendation and track enrollment in the seventh and ninth grades) is conditional on students' academic and social embeddedness in the school setting. We estimated the counterfactual outcomes for the cohort that went through the school transition during the pandemic based on the outcomes of the pre-pandemic cohort, with similar earlier achievements, schools, and social backgrounds. Results show that the pandemic's effect on tracking outcomes is weaker than its effect on student test scores elsewhere reported. Nevertheless, the pandemic has had stronger adverse impact on disadvantaged students. Moreover, student self-efficacy, academic motivation, and parental involvement are related to more negligible negative pandemic effects on schooling outcomes. We find no evidence for an association between student grit or parental network centrality and the magnitude of estimated pandemic effects.","PeriodicalId":48503,"journal":{"name":"npj Science of Learning","volume":"9 1","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11603330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142740994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal predictions guide attention throughout the adult lifespan. 时空预测会在成人的一生中引导注意力。

IF 3.6 1区心理学

npj Science of Learning Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-024-00281-3

Nir Shalev, Sage Boettcher, Anna C Nobre

{"title":"Spatiotemporal predictions guide attention throughout the adult lifespan.","authors":"Nir Shalev, Sage Boettcher, Anna C Nobre","doi":"10.1038/s41539-024-00281-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41539-024-00281-3","url":null,"abstract":"Older adults struggle with tasks requiring selective attention amidst distractions. Experimental observations about age-related decline have relied on visual search designs using static displays. However, natural environments often embed dynamic structures that afford proactive anticipation of task-relevant information. We investigate the capacity to benefit from spatiotemporal predictions across the adult lifespan. Participants (N = 300, aged 20-80) searched for multiple targets that faded in and out of displays among distractors. Half of the targets appeared at a fixed time and approximate location, whereas others appeared unpredictably. Overall search performance was reduced with age. Nevertheless, prediction-led behaviour, reflected in a higher detection of predictable targets, remained resistant to aging. Predictions were most pronounced when targets appeared in quick succession. When evaluating response speed, predictions were also significant but reduced with progressing age. While our findings confirm an age-related decline, we identified clear indications for proactive attentional guidance throughout adulthood.","PeriodicalId":48503,"journal":{"name":"npj Science of Learning","volume":"9 1","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11582576/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interbrain neural correlates of self and other integration in joint statistical learning. 联合统计学习中自我与他人整合的脑际神经相关性

IF 3.6 1区心理学

npj Science of Learning Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-024-00280-4

Zheng Zheng, Jun Wang

{"title":"Interbrain neural correlates of self and other integration in joint statistical learning.","authors":"Zheng Zheng, Jun Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41539-024-00280-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41539-024-00280-4","url":null,"abstract":"While statistical learning is often studied individually, its collective representation through self-other integration remains unclear. This study examines dynamic self-other integration and its multi-brain mechanism using simultaneous recordings from dyads. Participants (N = 112) each repeatedly responded to half of a fixed stimulus sequence with either an active partner (joint context) or a passive observer (baseline context). Significant individual statistical learning was evident in the joint context, characterized by decreased reaction time (RT) and intra-brain neural responses, followed by a quadratic trend (i.e., first increasing and then decreasing) upon insertion of an interference sequence. More importantly, Brain-to-Brain Coupling (BtBC) in the theta band also showed learning and modulation-related trends, with its slope negatively and positively correlating with the slopes of RT and intra-brain functional connectivity, respectively. These results highlight the dynamic nature of self-other integration in joint statistical learning, with statistical regularities implicitly and spontaneously modulating this process. Notably, the BtBC serves as a key neural correlate underlying the dynamics of self-other integration.","PeriodicalId":48503,"journal":{"name":"npj Science of Learning","volume":"9 1","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11579319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Feature versus object in interpreting working memory capacity. 解释工作记忆容量时的特征与对象。

IF 3.6 1区心理学

npj Science of Learning Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-024-00279-x

Wuji Lin, Chenxi Lv, Jiejie Liao, Yuan Hu, Yutong Liu, Jingyuan Lin

引用次数: 0

Mathematics interest, self-efficacy, and anxiety predict STEM career choice in emerging adulthood. 数学兴趣、自我效能感和焦虑可预测新兴成人的 STEM 职业选择。

IF 3.6 1区心理学

npj Science of Learning Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-024-00275-1

Rebecca Ferdinand, Margherita Malanchini, Kaili Rimfeld

引用次数: 0

Enhancing mathematical learning outcomes through a low-cost single-channel BCI system. 通过低成本单通道BCI系统提高数学学习成果。