npj Science of Learning最新文献_第10页

Development of performance and learning rate evaluation models in robot-assisted surgery using electroencephalography and eye-tracking. 利用脑电图和眼动追踪技术开发机器人辅助手术的性能和学习率评估模型。

IF 4.2 1区心理学

npj Science of Learning Pub Date : 2024-01-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-024-00216-y

Somayeh B Shafiei, Saeed Shadpour, Farzan Sasangohar, James L Mohler, Kristopher Attwood, Zhe Jing

{"title":"Development of performance and learning rate evaluation models in robot-assisted surgery using electroencephalography and eye-tracking.","authors":"Somayeh B Shafiei, Saeed Shadpour, Farzan Sasangohar, James L Mohler, Kristopher Attwood, Zhe Jing","doi":"10.1038/s41539-024-00216-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41539-024-00216-y","url":null,"abstract":"The existing performance evaluation methods in robot-assisted surgery (RAS) are mainly subjective, costly, and affected by shortcomings such as the inconsistency of results and dependency on the raters' opinions. The aim of this study was to develop models for an objective evaluation of performance and rate of learning RAS skills while practicing surgical simulator tasks. The electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye-tracking data were recorded from 26 subjects while performing Tubes, Suture Sponge, and Dots and Needles tasks. Performance scores were generated by the simulator program. The functional brain networks were extracted using EEG data and coherence analysis. Then these networks, along with community detection analysis, facilitated the extraction of average search information and average temporal flexibility features at 21 Brodmann areas (BA) and four band frequencies. Twelve eye-tracking features were extracted and used to develop linear random intercept models for performance evaluation and multivariate linear regression models for the evaluation of the learning rate. Results showed that subject-wise standardization of features improved the R2 of the models. Average pupil diameter and rate of saccade were associated with performance in the Tubes task (multivariate analysis; p-value = 0.01 and p-value = 0.04, respectively). Entropy of pupil diameter was associated with performance in Dots and Needles task (multivariate analysis; p-value = 0.01). Average temporal flexibility and search information in several BAs and band frequencies were associated with performance and rate of learning. The models may be used to objectify performance and learning rate evaluation in RAS once validated with a broader sample size and tasks.","PeriodicalId":48503,"journal":{"name":"npj Science of Learning","volume":"9 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10799032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139503144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disentangling the contribution of individual and social learning processes in human advice-taking behavior 厘清个人和社会学习过程在人类接受建议行为中的作用

IF 4.2 1区心理学

npj Science of Learning Pub Date : 2024-01-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-024-00214-0

Maayan Pereg, Uri Hertz, Ido Ben-Artzi, Nitzan Shahar

{"title":"Disentangling the contribution of individual and social learning processes in human advice-taking behavior","authors":"Maayan Pereg, Uri Hertz, Ido Ben-Artzi, Nitzan Shahar","doi":"10.1038/s41539-024-00214-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-024-00214-0","url":null,"abstract":"The study of social learning examines how individuals learn from others by means of observation, imitation, or compliance with advice. However, it still remains largely unknown whether social learning processes have a distinct contribution to behavior, independent from non-social trial-and-error learning that often occurs simultaneously. 153 participants completed a reinforcement learning task, where they were asked to make choices to gain rewards. Advice from an artificial teacher was presented in 60% of the trials, allowing us to compare choice behavior with and without advice. Results showed a strong and reliable tendency to follow advice (test-retest reliability ~0.73). Computational modeling suggested a unique contribution of three distinct learning strategies: (a) individual learning (i.e., learning the value of actions, independent of advice), (b) informed advice-taking (i.e., learning the value of following advice), and (c) non-informed advice-taking (i.e., a constant bias to follow advice regardless of outcome history). Comparing artificial and empirical data provided specific behavioral regression signatures to both informed and non-informed advice taking processes. We discuss the theoretical implications of integrating internal and external information during the learning process.","PeriodicalId":48503,"journal":{"name":"npj Science of Learning","volume":"210 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139507543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Self-perceptions as mechanisms of achievement inequality: evidence across 70 countries 作为成绩不平等机制的自我认知：70 个国家的证据

IF 4.2 1区心理学

npj Science of Learning Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-023-00211-9

Sarah I. Hofer, Jörg-Henrik Heine, Sahba Besharati, Jason C. Yip, Frank Reinhold, Eddie Brummelman

{"title":"Self-perceptions as mechanisms of achievement inequality: evidence across 70 countries","authors":"Sarah I. Hofer, Jörg-Henrik Heine, Sahba Besharati, Jason C. Yip, Frank Reinhold, Eddie Brummelman","doi":"10.1038/s41539-023-00211-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-023-00211-9","url":null,"abstract":"Children from lower socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds tend to have more negative self-perceptions. More negative self-perceptions are often related to lower academic achievement. Linking these findings, we asked: Do children’s self-perceptions help explain socioeconomic disparities in academic achievement around the world? We addressed this question using data from the 2018 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) survey, including n = 520,729 records of 15-year-old students from 70 countries. We studied five self-perceptions (self-perceived competency, self-efficacy, growth mindset, sense of belonging, and fear of failure) and assessed academic achievement in terms of reading achievement. As predicted, across countries, children’s self-perceptions jointly and separately partially mediated the association between socioeconomic status and reading achievement, explaining additional 11% (ΔR2 = 0.105) of the variance in reading achievement. The positive mediation effect of self-perceived competency was more pronounced in countries with higher social mobility, indicating the importance of environments that “afford” the use of beneficial self-perceptions. While the results tentatively suggest self-perceptions, in general, to be an important lever to address inequality, interventions targeting self-perceived competency might be particularly effective in counteracting educational inequalities in countries with higher social mobility.","PeriodicalId":48503,"journal":{"name":"npj Science of Learning","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139423304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Author Correction: Early reading at first grade predicts adult reading at age 42 in typical and dyslexic readers. 作者更正：一年级早期阅读可预测典型阅读障碍者和阅读障碍者 42 岁时的成人阅读情况。

IF 4.2 1区心理学

npj Science of Learning Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-023-00212-8

Emilio Ferrer, Bennett A Shaywitz, John M Holahan, Sally E Shaywitz

引用次数: 0

Learning and navigating digitally rendered haptic spatial layouts 学习和浏览数字渲染的触觉空间布局

IF 4.2 1区心理学

npj Science of Learning Pub Date : 2023-12-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-023-00208-4

Ruxandra I. Tivadar, Benedetta Franceschiello, Astrid Minier, Micah M. Murray

{"title":"Learning and navigating digitally rendered haptic spatial layouts","authors":"Ruxandra I. Tivadar, Benedetta Franceschiello, Astrid Minier, Micah M. Murray","doi":"10.1038/s41539-023-00208-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-023-00208-4","url":null,"abstract":"Learning spatial layouts and navigating through them rely not simply on sight but rather on multisensory processes, including touch. Digital haptics based on ultrasounds are effective for creating and manipulating mental images of individual objects in sighted and visually impaired participants. Here, we tested if this extends to scenes and navigation within them. Using only tactile stimuli conveyed via ultrasonic feedback on a digital touchscreen (i.e., a digital interactive map), 25 sighted, blindfolded participants first learned the basic layout of an apartment based on digital haptics only and then one of two trajectories through it. While still blindfolded, participants successfully reconstructed the haptically learned 2D spaces and navigated these spaces. Digital haptics were thus an effective means to learn and translate, on the one hand, 2D images into 3D reconstructions of layouts and, on the other hand, navigate actions within real spaces. Digital haptics based on ultrasounds represent an alternative learning tool for complex scenes as well as for successful navigation in previously unfamiliar layouts, which can likely be further applied in the rehabilitation of spatial functions and mitigation of visual impairments.","PeriodicalId":48503,"journal":{"name":"npj Science of Learning","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138683528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seeking the neural representation of statistical properties in print during implicit processing of visual words 在视觉单词的内隐加工过程中寻求印刷品统计属性的神经表征

IF 4.2 1区心理学

npj Science of Learning Pub Date : 2023-12-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-023-00209-3

Jianyi Liu, Tengwen Fan, Yan Chen, Jingjing Zhao

{"title":"Seeking the neural representation of statistical properties in print during implicit processing of visual words","authors":"Jianyi Liu, Tengwen Fan, Yan Chen, Jingjing Zhao","doi":"10.1038/s41539-023-00209-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-023-00209-3","url":null,"abstract":"Statistical learning (SL) plays a key role in literacy acquisition. Studies have increasingly revealed the influence of distributional statistical properties of words on visual word processing, including the effects of word frequency (lexical level) and mappings between orthography, phonology, and semantics (sub-lexical level). However, there has been scant evidence to directly confirm that the statistical properties contained in print can be directly characterized by neural activities. Using time-resolved representational similarity analysis (RSA), the present study examined neural representations of different types of statistical properties in visual word processing. From the perspective of predictive coding, an equal probability sequence with low built-in prediction precision and three oddball sequences with high built-in prediction precision were designed with consistent and three types of inconsistent (orthographically inconsistent, orthography-to-phonology inconsistent, and orthography-to-semantics inconsistent) Chinese characters as visual stimuli. In the three oddball sequences, consistent characters were set as the standard stimuli (probability of occurrence p = 0.75) and three types of inconsistent characters were set as deviant stimuli (p = 0.25), respectively. In the equal probability sequence, the same consistent and inconsistent characters were presented randomly with identical occurrence probability (p = 0.25). Significant neural representation activities of word frequency were observed in the equal probability sequence. By contrast, neural representations of sub-lexical statistics only emerged in oddball sequences where short-term predictions were shaped. These findings reveal that the statistical properties learned from long-term print environment continues to play a role in current word processing mechanisms and these mechanisms can be modulated by short-term predictions.","PeriodicalId":48503,"journal":{"name":"npj Science of Learning","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138683614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does students’ awareness of school-track-related stereotypes exacerbate inequalities in education? 学生对与学校轨道相关的陈规定型观念的认识是否会加剧教育中的不平等？

IF 4.2 1区心理学

npj Science of Learning Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-023-00203-9

Lisa Bardach, Claudia Neuendorf, Kou Murayama, Thorsten Fahrbach, Michel Knigge, Benjamin Nagengast, Ulrich Trautwein

引用次数: 0

The two-faced process of learning and the importance of Janus-faced solutions 双面学习过程和扬努斯面解决方案的重要性

IF 4.2 1区心理学

npj Science of Learning Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-023-00210-w

Robin Samuelsson

引用次数: 0

Language experience matters for the emergence of early numerical concepts 语言经验对早期数字概念的形成至关重要