Journal of Physics-Energy最新文献

{"title":"Understanding water dynamics in operating fuel cells by operando neutron tomography: investigation of different flow field designs","authors":"Jennifer Hack, Ralf F Ziesche, Matilda Fransson, Theo Suter, Lukas Helfen, Cyrille Couture, Nikolay Kardjilov, Alessandro Tengattini, Paul Shearing, Dan Brett","doi":"10.1088/2515-7655/ad3984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ad3984","url":null,"abstract":"Water management plays a key role in ensuring optimum polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) performance, and flow field design can influence the ability of a cell to balance maintaining hydration, whilst avoiding flooding and cell failure. This work deepens the understanding of water evolution in different PEFC flow channel designs, namely single serpentine (SS), double serpentine (DS) and parallel, using our novel high-speed neutron computed tomography method. We developed our previously-reported method by introducing continuous cell rotation, enabling 18 s per tomogram during 1 h holds at 300, 400 and 500 mA cm⁻². The volume of water evolved in the cathode, membrane electrode assembly and anode was quantified, and key mechanisms for water droplet formation in the different flow channel designs were elucidated. The parallel flow field design had the poorest water management, with 47% of the cathode flow channel becoming filled after 1 h at 400 mA cm⁻². This significant flooding blocked reactant sites and contributed to unstable cell performance and, ultimately, cell failure at higher current densities. The SS cell displayed the best water management, with only 11% of the cathode channel filled with water after 1 h at 500 mA cm⁻², compared with 28% of the DS cathode channel. 3D visualisation and analysis of droplet behaviour elucidated how water ‘slugs’ in the SS were removed in the gas stream, whereas three of the four parallel cathode flow channels became entirely filled with water plugs, blocking gas flow and exacerbating cell flooding. The new insights gained here are expected to extend to novel flow field designs and image-based models, with the use of <italic toggle=\"yes\">operando</italic> neutron CT demonstrated as a powerful technique for both visualising and quantifying water management in operating PEFCs, as well as deepening the knowledge of droplet behaviour in different flow field types.","PeriodicalId":48500,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics-Energy","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140608476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding variations of thermal hysteresis in barocaloric plastic crystal neopentyl glycol using correlative microscopy and calorimetry","authors":"Frederic Rendell-Bhatti, David Boldrin, Melony Dilshad, Xavier Moya, Donald A MacLaren","doi":"10.1088/2515-7655/ad3985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ad3985","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic crystals (PCs) exhibit solid–solid order-disorder first-order phase transitions that are accompanied by large correlated thermal and volume changes. These characteristics make PCs promising barocaloric solid-state working bodies for heating and cooling applications. However, understanding the variation of transition temperatures and thermal hysteresis in PCs with cycling is critical if these materials are to replace traditional gaseous refrigerants. Here, for the archetypal barocaloric PC neopentyl glycol (NPG), we correlate microstructure obtained from scanning electron microscopy with local and total thermal changes at the phase transition from infra-red imaging and calorimetry, respectively. We outline an evolution in microstructure as NPG recrystallises during repeated thermal cycling through its solid–solid phase transition. The observed microstructural changes are correlated with spatially inhomogeneous heat transfer, yielding direct insight into the kinetics of the phase transition. Our results suggest that the interplay of these processes affects the undesirable thermal hysteresis and the nature of the kinetic steady-state microstructures that are stabilised during cycling between the ordered and disordered phases. These observations have implications for using NPG and other PCs as technologically relevant barocaloric materials and suggest ways in which the hysteresis in these types of materials may be modified.","PeriodicalId":48500,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics-Energy","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140608477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scaling considerations and optimal control for an offshore wind powered direct air capture system","authors":"Stefan Radic Webster, Haris Ishaq, Curran Crawford","doi":"10.1088/2515-7655/ad31ba","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ad31ba","url":null,"abstract":"The optimal design and operation of an offshore wind powered direct air capture (DAC) system is complex owing to the intermittent energy supply and the modularity of the units. A solid amine DAC process involves multiple individual units which undergo periodic loading to capture carbon dioxide (CO₂) from ambient air, followed by regeneration to produce pure CO₂ for utilisation or sequestration. The modular nature of a solid DAC process is exploited in this study to investigate the optimal design and coordinated operation of multiple DAC units mounted on a single 15 MW offshore wind turbine platform, with battery energy storage for additional short term power buffering. Important design parameters considered include the number of independently controllable units, the cyclic capacity of each unit (proportional to the amount of adsorbent) and the battery capacity and maximum power ratings. The design study results highlighted the diminishing returns to the CO₂ capture rate with scaling, with a full design optimisation based upon cost estimations left for future work as the technology matures. It was found the optimal configuration was 14 DAC units, each with a cyclic capacity of 2000 kg<inline-formula>\u0000<tex-math><?CDATA $_{mathrm{CO}_2}$?></tex-math>\u0000<mml:math overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi></mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>CO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>\u0000<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"jpenergyad31baieqn1.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\"></inline-graphic>\u0000</inline-formula>, giving a total annual capture rate of 45 600 ton yr⁻¹ and a wind utilisation factor of 96.6%. Furthermore, it was found that a rules-based control strategy based on high and low loading limits was competitive with a machine learning based controller and outperformed a model predictive control scheme.","PeriodicalId":48500,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics-Energy","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140594583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered charge transport layers for improving indoor perovskite photovoltaic performance","authors":"Ram Datt, Pietro Caprioglio, Saqlain Choudhary, Weixia Lan, Henry Snaith, Wing Chung Tsoi","doi":"10.1088/2515-7655/ad31bb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ad31bb","url":null,"abstract":"The developing Internet of Things market is attracting the indoor photovoltaic (IPV) as an essential power source. Perovskite photovoltaics (PPVs) are a fascinating candidate for IPV in solution-processable photovoltaics. Recent developments in PPVs can deliver power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 25% outdoor (AM 1.5 G) and over 40% under indoor (1000 lux) light. The selection of charge transport layers (CTLs) has played an essential role in improving PPVs indoor performance. Herein, formamidinium-caesium-based mixed-cation (FACsPb(I,Br)₃) PPV devices are fabricated, and evaluated their outdoor and indoor performances by changing the different CTL combinations such as PTAA-PCBM and SAM-C₆₀. Outdoor PCEs were 13.76% and 15.27% achieved for PTAA-PCBM and SAM-C₆₀-based devices, respectively. Meanwhile, under LED (4000 K) 1000 lux, the PCEs were 26.32% and 31.92% for PTAA-PCBM and SAM-C₆₀-based PPV, respectively. The short circuit current (<italic toggle=\"yes\">J</italic>\u0000_sc) (116.8–122.5 <italic toggle=\"yes\">µ</italic>A cm⁻²) and fill factor (FF) (0.724–0.817) were the main parameters which improved for SAM-C₆₀-based devices under indoor light. This study points to the importance of CTL combination and indicates the promising potential of SAM-C₆₀ interlayers in PPV indoor applications.","PeriodicalId":48500,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics-Energy","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140316566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of thermal annealing on microstructure, energetic landscape and device performance of P3HT:PCBM-based organic solar cells","authors":"Shahidul Alam, Christopher E Petoukhoff, José P Jurado, Haya Aldosari, Xinyu Jiang, Tomáš Váry, Hamza Al Nasser, Amr Dahman, Wejdan Althobaiti, Sandra P Gonzalez Lopez, Wejdan Alsufyani, Peter Müller-Buschbaum, Vojtech Nádaždy, Harald Hoppe, Frédéric Laquai","doi":"10.1088/2515-7655/ad2498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ad2498","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal annealing alters the morphology of organic donor-acceptor bulk-heterojunction thin films used in organic solar cells. Here, we studied the influence of thermal annealing on blends of amorphous regio-random (RRa) and semi-crystalline regio-regular (RR) poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and the fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C₆₀-butyric acid methyl ester. Since the P3HT:PCBM blend is one of the most studied in the OPV community, the existing research provides a solid foundation for us to compare and benchmark our innovative characterization techniques that have been previously under-utilized to investigate bulk heterojunction organic thin films. Here, we combine advanced novel microscopies and spectroscopies, including polarized light microscopy, photo-deflection spectroscopy, hyperspectral photoluminescence imaging, and energy resolved-electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, with structural characterization techniques, including grazing-incidence wide-angle x-ray scattering, grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy, in order to reveal the impact of thermal annealing on the microstructural crystallinity and morphology of the photoactive layer in organic solar cells. Coupled transfer matrix and drift-diffusion simulations were used to study the impact of the density of states on the solar cells’ device performance parameters, namely the short-circuit current (<italic toggle=\"yes\">J</italic>\u0000_SC), open circuit voltage (<italic toggle=\"yes\">V</italic>\u0000_OC), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (PCE).","PeriodicalId":48500,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics-Energy","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140316356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermoelectric properties of the bismuth oxychalcogenides Bi2SO2, Bi2SeO2 and Bi2TeO2","authors":"J M Flitcroft, A Althubiani, J M Skelton","doi":"10.1088/2515-7655/ad2afd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ad2afd","url":null,"abstract":"We present a detailed theoretical study of the thermoelectric properties of the bismuth oxychalcogenides Bi₂ChO₂ (Ch = S, Se, Te). The electrical transport is modelled using semi-classical Boltzmann transport theory with electronic structures from hybrid density-functional theory, including an approximate model for the electron lifetimes. The lattice thermal conductivity is calculated using first-principles phonon calculations with an explicit treatment of anharmonicity, yielding microscopic insight into how partial replacement of the chalcogen in the bismuth chalcogenides impacts the phonon transport. We find very good agreement between the predicted transport properties and a favourable cancellation of errors that allows for near-quantitative predictions of the thermoelectric figure of merit <italic toggle=\"yes\">ZT</italic>. Our calculations suggest recent experiments on n-doped Bi₂SeO₂ have achieved close to the largest <italic toggle=\"yes\">ZT</italic> possible in bulk materials, whereas the largest reported <italic toggle=\"yes\">ZT</italic> for Bi₂TeO₂ could be improved sixfold by optimising the carrier concentration. We also predict that much larger <italic toggle=\"yes\">ZT</italic> &gt; 2.5, competitive with the benchmark thermoelectric SnSe, could be obtained for Bi₂SO₂ and Bi₂SeO₂ with heavy p-type doping. This study demonstrates the predictive power of this modelling approach for studying thermoelectrics and highlights several avenues for improving the performance of the Bi₂ChO₂.","PeriodicalId":48500,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics-Energy","volume":"3 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140316350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable energy harvesting and breath sensing with electrospun triboelectric nylon-6","authors":"E J Jelmy, Mathew Sunil, Chitra Kandappanthodi, P Rincy, K J Saji, Suresh C Pillai, Honey John","doi":"10.1088/2515-7655/ad29fe","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ad29fe","url":null,"abstract":"A high-performance triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has been developed for breath sensing applications, utilizing tribopositive electrospun nylon-6 nanofibers and tribonegative fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP). The optimization toward the development of electrospun nylon-6-based TENG includes a range of factors such as the applied force and frequency on tribo responses, the thickness of the fiber mat, the concentration of nylon-6 in the fiber mats, and the selection of the tribonegative material for pairing with nylon-6 nanofiber. Among these parameters, the nanofiber prepared with 18 wt% nylon-6, characterized by a uniform fiber distribution, the highest surface area of 55.69 m² g⁻¹, and an optimal thickness of 0.169 mm, demonstrated excellent TENG performance, among others. The TENG module constructed using nanofiber in a 4 cm² area showed the TENG responses of more than 30 <italic toggle=\"yes\">μ</italic>A short-circuit current, 200 V open-circuit voltage, and 90 nC charge when hand-pressed. It achieved a substantial power density of 890 mW m⁻² at 20 MΩ by applying a constant force of 10 N at a 10 Hz frequency. Charging a 1 <italic toggle=\"yes\">μ</italic>F capacitor to approximately 30.1 V in just 30 s highlights the potential of electrospun nylon-6 as a promising material for nanogenerator energy harvesting and sensing applications. The TENG device was found to be sufficient to power small, portable electronics such as LEDs and digital watch displays. A wearable belt was fabricated to showcase its breath-sensing capabilities by pairing it with FEP. The microcontroller connected to the TENG in the wearable belt is used to analyze the output produced through breathing patterns, subsequently activating a buzzer and LED by the nature of the breathing.","PeriodicalId":48500,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics-Energy","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140006443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A phenomenological figure of merit for photovoltaic materials","authors":"Andrea Crovetto","doi":"10.1088/2515-7655/ad2499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ad2499","url":null,"abstract":"I derive a figure of merit (FOM) &lt;inline-formula&gt;\u0000&lt;tex-math&gt;&lt;?CDATA $Gamma_{mathrm{PV}}$?&gt;&lt;/tex-math&gt;\u0000&lt;mml:math overflow=\"scroll\"&gt;&lt;mml:msub&gt;&lt;mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;Γ&lt;/mml:mi&gt;&lt;mml:mrow&gt;&lt;mml:mrow&gt;&lt;mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;P&lt;/mml:mi&gt;&lt;mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;V&lt;/mml:mi&gt;&lt;/mml:mrow&gt;&lt;/mml:mrow&gt;&lt;/mml:msub&gt;&lt;/mml:math&gt;\u0000&lt;inline-graphic xlink:href=\"jpenergyad2499ieqn1.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\"&gt;&lt;/inline-graphic&gt;\u0000&lt;/inline-formula&gt; to estimate the maximum efficiency attainable by a generic non-ideal photovoltaic (PV) absorber in a planar single-junction solar cell. This efficiency limit complements the more idealized limits derived from fundamental physics, such as the Shockley–Queisser (SQ) limit and its subsequent generalizations. Specifically, the present FOM approach yields stricter efficiency limits applicable to realistic PV absorbers with various imperfections, including finite carrier mobilities and doping densities. &lt;inline-formula&gt;\u0000&lt;tex-math&gt;&lt;?CDATA $Gamma_{mathrm{PV}}$?&gt;&lt;/tex-math&gt;\u0000&lt;mml:math overflow=\"scroll\"&gt;&lt;mml:msub&gt;&lt;mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;Γ&lt;/mml:mi&gt;&lt;mml:mrow&gt;&lt;mml:mrow&gt;&lt;mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;P&lt;/mml:mi&gt;&lt;mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;V&lt;/mml:mi&gt;&lt;/mml:mrow&gt;&lt;/mml:mrow&gt;&lt;/mml:msub&gt;&lt;/mml:math&gt;\u0000&lt;inline-graphic xlink:href=\"jpenergyad2499ieqn2.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\"&gt;&lt;/inline-graphic&gt;\u0000&lt;/inline-formula&gt; is a function of eight properties of the absorber that are both measurable by experiment and computable by electronic structure methods. They are: band gap, non-radiative carrier lifetime, carrier mobility, doping density, static dielectric constant, effective mass, and two parameters describing the spectral average and dispersion of the light absorption coefficient. &lt;inline-formula&gt;\u0000&lt;tex-math&gt;&lt;?CDATA $Gamma_{mathrm{PV}}$?&gt;&lt;/tex-math&gt;\u0000&lt;mml:math overflow=\"scroll\"&gt;&lt;mml:msub&gt;&lt;mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;Γ&lt;/mml:mi&gt;&lt;mml:mrow&gt;&lt;mml:mrow&gt;&lt;mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;P&lt;/mml:mi&gt;&lt;mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;V&lt;/mml:mi&gt;&lt;/mml:mrow&gt;&lt;/mml:mrow&gt;&lt;/mml:msub&gt;&lt;/mml:math&gt;\u0000&lt;inline-graphic xlink:href=\"jpenergyad2499ieqn3.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\"&gt;&lt;/inline-graphic&gt;\u0000&lt;/inline-formula&gt; has high predictive power (absolute efficiency error less than &lt;inline-formula&gt;\u0000&lt;tex-math&gt;&lt;?CDATA $pm 1.1%$?&gt;&lt;/tex-math&gt;\u0000&lt;mml:math overflow=\"scroll\"&gt;&lt;mml:mo&gt;±&lt;/mml:mo&gt;&lt;mml:mn&gt;1.1&lt;/mml:mn&gt;&lt;mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;%&lt;/mml:mi&gt;&lt;/mml:math&gt;\u0000&lt;inline-graphic xlink:href=\"jpenergyad2499ieqn4.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\"&gt;&lt;/inline-graphic&gt;\u0000&lt;/inline-formula&gt;) and wide applicability range. The SQ limit and its generalizations are reproduced by &lt;inline-formula&gt;\u0000&lt;tex-math&gt;&lt;?CDATA $Gamma_{mathrm{PV}}$?&gt;&lt;/tex-math&gt;\u0000&lt;mml:math overflow=\"scroll\"&gt;&lt;mml:msub&gt;&lt;mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;Γ&lt;/mml:mi&gt;&lt;mml:mrow&gt;&lt;mml:mrow&gt;&lt;mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;P&lt;/mml:mi&gt;&lt;mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;V&lt;/mml:mi&gt;&lt;/mml:mrow&gt;&lt;/mml:mrow&gt;&lt;/mml:msub&gt;&lt;/mml:math&gt;\u0000&lt;inline-graphic xlink:href=\"jpenergyad2499ieqn5.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\"&gt;&lt;/inline-graphic&gt;\u0000&lt;/inline-formula&gt;. Simpler FOMs proposed by others are also included as special cases o","PeriodicalId":48500,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics-Energy","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140006436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical, thermal, and electrical analysis of perovskite solar cell with grated cds and embedded plasmonic Au nanoparticles","authors":"Ohidul Islam, M Hussayeen Khan Anik, Sakib Mahmud, Joyprokash Debnath, Ahsan Habib, Sharnali Islam","doi":"10.1088/2515-7655/ad249b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ad249b","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a novel approach to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by incorporating grated Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) and plasmonic gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) into the absorber layer. The CdS grating acts as the electron transport layer and penetrates into the perovskite absorber layer, increasing the absorption of the active layer and reducing the electron–hole recombination rate. The plasmonic Au NPs enhance the absorption in the infrared region by scattering and trapping the incident light. We perform a coupled optical and electrical study that shows a significant improvement in the short circuit current density (<inline-formula>\u0000<tex-math><?CDATA $mathrm{J}_{mathrm{SC}}$?></tex-math>\u0000<mml:math overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">J</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">S</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math>\u0000<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"jpenergyad249bieqn1.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\"></inline-graphic>\u0000</inline-formula>) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSC after introducing the CdS grating and plasmonic Au NPs. Specifically, we observe a 48% increase in average optical absorption from 800 nm to 1400 nm and a 7.42 mA cm⁻² increase in J<inline-formula>\u0000<tex-math><?CDATA $_mathrm{SC}$?></tex-math>\u0000<mml:math overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:msub><mml:mi> </mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">S</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math>\u0000<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"jpenergyad249bieqn2.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\"></inline-graphic>\u0000</inline-formula>. We also find that the PCE of the PSC is increased by 7.91% when comparing the planar reference structure (without the CdS grating and the plasmonic Au NP). However, metal nanoparticles introduce ohmic losses and temperature rise in the solar cell. We analyze the non-radiative heat profile, electric field distribution, and temperature distribution across the PSC. We observe a temperature increase of approximately 14 K above the ambient temperature for the grated CdS layer with incorporated Au NPs, which is comparable to the temperature increase observed in the planar reference structure. Our results have the potential to pave the way for the development of highly efficient and stable PSCs in the future.","PeriodicalId":48500,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics-Energy","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140006446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating 3D printed mesh geometries in ceramic LiB electrodes","authors":"J R Marín-Rueda, J F Valera-Jiménez, J M Ramos-Fajardo, I M Peláez-Tirado, S Tair, M Castro-García, J Canales-Vázquez, J C Pérez-Flores","doi":"10.1088/2515-7655/ad2497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ad2497","url":null,"abstract":"Additive manufacturing techniques have the potential to promote a paradigmatic change in the electrode fabrication processes for lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) as they may offer alternative component designs to boost their performance or to customise the application. The present research work explores the use of low-cost fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing to fabricate Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO) mesh electrodes in the search for enlarged electrochemically active areas. Using different nozzle diameters (ND), we have 3D printed several mesh electrodes that after sintering allow an increase in the surface to volume ratio by up to ≈290% compared to conventional flat cylindrical geometries. As the conventional route to produce 3D printed meshes, i.e. stacking of consecutive layers with a 90° rotation, leads to problems of vertical misalignment that may affect the electrical contact, we have developed a new compact design that maximises the contact between layers. All the 3D printed mesh electrodes with thicknesses of 400 and 800 <italic toggle=\"yes\">μ</italic>m, exhibit electrochemical performance very close to those of thin (70 <italic toggle=\"yes\">μ</italic>m) electrodes, e.g. 175 mAh g⁻¹ at C/2 in the case of ND = 100 <italic toggle=\"yes\">μ</italic>m, which is the theoretical capacity value for LTO. At higher C-rates, 800 <italic toggle=\"yes\">μ</italic>m-thick mesh electrodes with larger ND exhibit a marked drop in the reversible capacity (28 mAh g⁻¹ at 8 C), although the values obtained improve notably those of the equivalent thick solid electrode (almost null at 8 C). The compact design demonstrated superior performance at high C-rates, improving by ≈70% the results of the best conventional mesh electrode at 8 C for 800 <italic toggle=\"yes\">μ</italic>m electrodes. These results highlight the potential of FFF-3D printing to generate novel high aspect ratio geometries and the impact of design and printing parameters on the performance of LiB electrode materials. Exploring alternative efficient geometries may facilitate the integration of thick electrodes in high energy density LiBs.","PeriodicalId":48500,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics-Energy","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140006442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}