Research Policy最新文献

{"title":"The effect of the degree of early-stage failure on entrepreneurial pivoting and success: Evidence from crowdfunding","authors":"Luca Berchicci ,&nbsp;Mark Boons","doi":"10.1016/j.respol.2025.105206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.respol.2025.105206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Entrepreneurs often respond to early-stage failure by pivoting their nascent ventures. While the nature of the experienced failure is likely to play a crucial role in determining how an entrepreneur will respond, it remains unclear how different failure experiences influence entrepreneurs to engage in different types of pivots. This study explores how the <em>degree</em> of failure affects the extent to which entrepreneurs engage in market positioning pivots, by targeting a different customer segment, and/or in campaign narrative pivots, where they change the narrative about how the venture will fulfil a relevant customer need. Using data from 8262 crowdfunding campaign pairs, each consisting of an initial failed campaign and a subsequent campaign on Kickstarter's reward-based crowdfunding platform<strong>,</strong> we investigate how the degree of early-stage failure affects the extent to which entrepreneurs engage in these two types of pivots. We also explore the impact of these pivots on subsequent crowdfunding campaign success. Our findings indicate that the greater the failure, the more substantial the narrative pivot, whereas the likelihood of a market positioning pivot only greatly increases after experiencing very severe failures. Contrary to our expectations, both pivots are negatively associated with subsequent campaign success. Post-hoc analyses reveal that when entrepreneurs pivoted, instead of becoming more similar to successful campaigns, they tended to move away from the strategies of successful campaigns. The findings of this exploratory study highlight the important role of the failure experience in understanding different types of entrepreneurial pivots. They also suggest that researchers might want to revisit the widely held assumption that pivoting away from a failing position inherently improves a venture's chances of success.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48466,"journal":{"name":"Research Policy","volume":"54 4","pages":"Article 105206"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The female finance penalty: Why are women less successful in academic finance than related fields?","authors":"Chris Brooks ,&nbsp;Lisa Schopohl ,&nbsp;Ran Tao ,&nbsp;James Walker ,&nbsp;Millie Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.respol.2025.105207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.respol.2025.105207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study the publication patterns of male and female finance scholars, contrasting them with their counterparts in the related fields of accounting, economics and general management by analysing a large sample of more than 400,000 journal outputs spanning over two decades. We show that, in particularly stark contrast to accounting and management publications, women are vastly under-represented as authors of finance ones. Further, our results demonstrate that work produced by female finance academics is published in lower-rated journals and garners fewer citations, a phenomenon we refer to as the ‘female finance penalty’. We find that the topics on which women in academic finance work and the methodological approaches they use are highly associated with this penalty. In particular, we show that female finance authors are more likely to engage in interdisciplinary and qualitative work, and to investigate topics that are linked with lower research success. Moreover, when it comes to journal placement, we find that female-authored work in finance is ‘penalised’ more for its interdisciplinarity than that authored by men. Finally, we show that female finance authors are less likely to be affiliated to US-based or highly ranked institutions – factors that typically increase both publication success and future citation – and when they are, there is some evidence that their citation rates are less likely to benefit from these affiliations than those of their male colleagues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48466,"journal":{"name":"Research Policy","volume":"54 4","pages":"Article 105207"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technology discontinuation as a continuous process: diesel, sustainability, and the politics of delay","authors":"Stefania Sardo ,&nbsp;Sebastian M. Pfotenhauer","doi":"10.1016/j.respol.2025.105198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.respol.2025.105198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The discontinuation of technologies - such as combustion engines, coal and nuclear power generation, or certain types of plastics - has become central to debates on sustainability, public health, and safety. Much of the existing literature and policy discourse, however, treats discontinuation as a discrete, well-defined phase at the end of a technology's lifecycle and as the implicit flipside of technology introduction. In this article, we propose conceptualizing discontinuation as a continuous process that unfolds throughout the entirety of a technology's lifespan, playing a critical role in its long-term survival. Drawing on a longitudinal, in-depth case study of diesel cars in Europe, we analyze how significant discontinuation pressures have existed for decades, repeatedly challenging, destabilizing, reconfiguring, and ultimately re-stabilizing diesel as a socio-technical system. We present a framework that captures how discontinuation efforts emerge, gain credibility, evolve, or are dismissed in relation to broader, stable imaginaries of socially desirable futures. In the case of diesel, we find that discontinuation efforts and counter-efforts specifically engaged two competing imaginaries of sustainability - one focused on local air quality and the other on global climate change - which allowed actors to strategically frame and rationalize the technology in ways that served their interests. By viewing discontinuation controversies as an inherent and continuous feature of a technology's durability, new policy options come to the fore. These include the need to shift the focus from the technology in question to what persists underneath, challenging the stability of underlying sustainability framings rather than merely reacting to moments of crisis. It also entails scrutinizing the politics of delay and the “technological neutrality”, which tend to favor continuation, and treating discontinuation policy more seriously as a form of innovation policy supported by long-term strategies, toolkits, and equivalent levels of funding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48466,"journal":{"name":"Research Policy","volume":"54 4","pages":"Article 105198"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"More jobs for our foes? Global R&D strategy in the age of techno-nationalism","authors":"Hyungseok David Yoon ,&nbsp;Evis Sinani ,&nbsp;Marina Papanastassiou ,&nbsp;Ioannis G. Economou","doi":"10.1016/j.respol.2025.105196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.respol.2025.105196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In light of rising techno-nationalism, MNEs (multinational enterprises) face heightened scrutiny over the legitimacy of their cross-border R&amp;D investments, especially in host countries with strained diplomatic relations with the MNEs' home countries. Drawing from a realism-based international relations perspective and legitimacy theory, our study explores the effect of diplomatic relations between home and host countries on MNEs' global R&amp;D strategy. We find that, in the face of adversarial diplomatic relations, MNEs increase their commitment to R&amp;D-related jobs as a strategy to gain legitimacy. This finding extends the R&amp;D internationalization literature by informing how MNEs navigate their efforts for legitimacy of their global R&amp;D investments in an era marked by techno-nationalism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48466,"journal":{"name":"Research Policy","volume":"54 4","pages":"Article 105196"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracing entrepreneurial spillovers: Evidence from the U.S. State Small Business Credit initiative and Kickstarter","authors":"Ouafaa Hmaddi ,&nbsp;Lauren Lanahan ,&nbsp;Alex Murray","doi":"10.1016/j.respol.2025.105197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.respol.2025.105197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper delves into the multi-faceted relationship between large-scale institutional programs designed to alleviate financial constraints for small businesses and their extended impact on surrounding entrepreneurial ecosystems. We explore if and how entrepreneurial spillovers may occur through different channels which collectively stimulate market competition, promote latent ideas, and influence resource allocation for early-stage entrepreneurial activity. We contribute to the measurement of entrepreneurial spillovers by tracing the often-overlooked aspect of failed entrepreneurial outcomes, while also tracing successes. In addition, we unpack how, where, and when such spillovers occur. By leveraging the staggered entry of the US State Small Business Credit Initiative, we estimate the differential effect of program entry on Kickstarter activity at the US county level. We report positive and economically meaningful spillovers across the range of successful and failed outcomes. Moreover, we find that increasing the scope of disbursement from the large-scale institutional program (i.e., disbursement of smaller funding rations to more small business recipients) rather than scale (i.e., disbursement of larger funding rations to fewer small business recipients) accelerates entrepreneurial spillovers; we identify a complementary effect for counties with greater resource endowments; and we identify various lags of impact (i.e., a two-year lag for failed outcomes and three-year lag for successful outcomes) attesting to dynamic trends in timing of the spillover return. This study contributes to the literature on spillovers from large-scale institutional programs and offers implications for practice and policy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48466,"journal":{"name":"Research Policy","volume":"54 4","pages":"Article 105197"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A processual approach to skill changes in digital automation: The case of the platform economy in the service sector","authors":"Jack Linzhou XING ,&nbsp;Naubahar SHARIF","doi":"10.1016/j.respol.2025.105190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.respol.2025.105190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We introduce the “processual approach” to skill changes in the current wave of digital automation, which imposes comprehensive and complex impacts on skills. The approach conceptualizes work as a set of processes, each consisting of a sequence of events. In each event, a worker and/or machine make judgments and take actions to move to the next event. The processual approach asks whether and how machines influence workers' judgments or actions during each event and interrupt or transform relationships between judgments and actions. The approach enables micro-to-middle-range, inductive theorization of skill changes. To further refine the approach and demonstrate how to apply the approach, we study the case of taxi and ride-hailing, finding that service skill changes emphasize the repositioning and refocusing of skills and the interruption of workers' micro-adaptations rather than the replacement or elimination of skills. We also compare our theory with the classic Zuboffian reskilling thesis, revealing that the dual potential—automating and informating—of the current automation technologies influence distinct and separate parts of organizations, excluding platform workers from opportunities to learn transferable skills. The processual approach avoids pre-assigned and hierarchical categorization of skills, adopts a symmetric view of the role of technological and social factors in skill changes, and applies to a wide spectrum of work, especially service work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48466,"journal":{"name":"Research Policy","volume":"54 4","pages":"Article 105190"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genealogical academic inbreeding and its effect on performance: Evidence for scientists at Dutch universities (1815–1943)","authors":"Giovanna Capponi,&nbsp;Koen Frenken","doi":"10.1016/j.respol.2025.105194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.respol.2025.105194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most view academic inbreeding as detrimental to academic careers. We argue that the effects of inbreeding on individual careers depend on the stage of the lifecycle of local research programs at universities. We propose a new ‘genealogical’ view whereby scientists are considered ‘inbred’ if their PhD was supervised by a professor who holds a PhD from the same university and within the same discipline. We can then measure ‘genealogical academic inbreeding’ by reconstructing the number of generations of inbreds preceding an individual scholar at the time of PhD training. We test the effect of inbreeding on seven academic performance indicators for 473 scientists at Dutch universities during the period 1815–1943. We further investigate the main local research programs across disciplines and universities in The Netherlands using historical sources. Our analysis provides evidence that inbreeding generally enhances academic performance, but only in the early lifecycle stages of a new intellectual movement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48466,"journal":{"name":"Research Policy","volume":"54 4","pages":"Article 105194"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cluster-based routines and paradigm-bound innovation","authors":"Pengfei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.respol.2025.105192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.respol.2025.105192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper explores the limitations of innovation in clusters, proposing that innovation advantages of clusters are contingent upon technological paradigms. Technological paradigms manifest in the heuristics of ‘how to do things’ and ‘how to improve them’ in a domain, embedded in organizational routines. The paper argues that new product development routines can be enacted in clusters, turning into cluster-based routines. Cluster-based routines are efficient in guiding search for rapid solutions within established technological trajectories but become ineffective during paradigm shifts. Consequently, cluster-based routines tend to promote paradigm-bound innovation rather than paradigm-setting innovation. Using an original, product-level database of mobile handsets in China from 2007 to 2016 — a period which witnessed a paradigm transition from feature phones to smartphones — the study presents robust evidence that being in a dominant cluster in Shenzhen has a positive impact on product innovation in the feature phone regime but casts significantly negative effects on paradigm transition and subsequent innovation in the smartphone era. The findings indicate that the temporal and spatial processes of innovation are deeply interwoven.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48466,"journal":{"name":"Research Policy","volume":"54 3","pages":"Article 105192"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The governance of open science: A comparative analysis of two open science consortia","authors":"Ellen Abrams ,&nbsp;Paolo V. Leone ,&nbsp;Alberto Cambrosio ,&nbsp;Samer Faraj","doi":"10.1016/j.respol.2025.105195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.respol.2025.105195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent open science efforts recognize that the efficient, credible, and transparent development of scientific knowledge relies on the capacity to verify and reuse the “intermediate resources” employed throughout the research process, including data, computer code, and other research material. Prior research has shown that the disclosure of such resources is often hindered by the incentives and disincentives perceived by individual scientists. Beyond the level of individual incentives, however, the sharing of intermediate resources is obstructed by the governance norms that inform these incentives in the first place, such as the norms of authorship and evaluation. Thus, our central research question asks how the limitations of the established norms of authorship and evaluation are addressed at the organizational level within open science consortia that are premised on the sharing of intermediate resources. Drawing on qualitative methods, we present an in-depth comparative analysis of two open science consortia–the Canadian Open Neuroscience Platform (CONP) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)–that illustrates how the limitations of the established norms of authorship and evaluation are navigated in brain and cancer research, respectively. Our findings show that the governance mechanisms designed and implemented in CONP and TCGA reflect two distinct forms of governance, one distributed and the other layered, which are characterized by different understandings of scientific authorship and evaluation. Our study thus contributes to ongoing debates on open science and the governance of scientific collaboration by shedding light on the relationship between governance forms and variable conceptions of authorship and evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48466,"journal":{"name":"Research Policy","volume":"54 3","pages":"Article 105195"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143312004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dominance of leading business schools in top journals: Insights for increasing institutional representation","authors":"Rodrigo Romero-Silva ,&nbsp;Erika Marsillac ,&nbsp;Sander de Leeuw","doi":"10.1016/j.respol.2025.105193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.respol.2025.105193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The competitive push for business schools to publish in prestigious journals has resulted in a disproportionate number of papers in prestigious Management and Operations Research/Management Science (OR/MS) journals coming from a select group of institutions. Our analysis shows the Matthew effect of prestigious journals favors established schools with 51.2 % of papers in 18 Management ABS 4* journals and 61.3 % of papers in 3 OR/MS ABS 4* journals involving authors from the 100 top business schools identified by the University of Texas at Dallas (UTD). Citation patterns are similarly concentrated among papers authored by scholars from UTD-listed business schools, with nearly 80 % of citations from 4* Management journals directed to equally rated 4* Management journals (67.8 % for 4* OR/MS journals). An initial regression analysis suggested a positive correlation between the percentage of papers in a journal attributed to authors affiliated with those leading business schools and journal citation performance. However, further examination using multi-level regression adjusted for journal prestige, using the ABS and FT50 lists, showed a negative interaction effect on citation rates for papers from these schools in prestigious OR/MS journals. This insightful finding was confirmed by a post-hoc comparison revealing no significant citation advantage in prestigious journals for papers from leading business schools over those from a broader range of institutions. Thus, while leading business schools benefit from disproportionate space in prestigious journals, this does not translate to a citation advantage for the journals themselves, indicating no Matthew effect at the journal level driven by these schools. We argue that our findings show a unique opportunity for prestigious journals and business schools to expand collaborations with institutions in geographies historically underrepresented without a significant impact on the citation performance of those journals. This inclusion would only benefit research excellence, as our results demonstrate convergence in citation rates, citation patterns on external research areas, and topics across both subsets of papers—from leading institutions and those from a broader institutional spectrum—published in prestigious journals, indicating that diversifying contributions does not compromise the performance of these journals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48466,"journal":{"name":"Research Policy","volume":"54 3","pages":"Article 105193"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143312003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}