American Sociological Review最新文献_第5页

Efficacy of traumatic memory reactivation with or without propranolol in PTSD with high dissociative experiences. 使用或不使用普萘洛尔对创伤后应激障碍伴高度分离体验者进行创伤记忆再激活的疗效。

IF 5 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2022.2151098

Pascal Roullet, Simon Taïb, Claire Thalamas, Guillaume Vaiva, Wissam El Hage, Antoine Yrondi, Philippe Birmes

{"title":"Efficacy of traumatic memory reactivation with or without propranolol in PTSD with high dissociative experiences.","authors":"Pascal Roullet, Simon Taïb, Claire Thalamas, Guillaume Vaiva, Wissam El Hage, Antoine Yrondi, Philippe Birmes","doi":"10.1080/20008066.2022.2151098","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20008066.2022.2151098","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with dissociative symptoms is now a full-fledged subtype of this disorder. The dissociative subtype is associated with a greater number of psychiatric comorbidities. To date, the impact of dissociation on the efficacy of PTSD treatment remains unclear.Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of a traumatic memory reactivation procedure with the administration of propranolol or a placebo once a week for six consecutive weeks in reducing PTSD and MDE symptoms between PTSD subjects with or without high dissociative symptoms.Method: For that, we conducted a randomized clinical trial in 66 adults diagnosed with longstanding PTSD and measured the SCID PTSD module, the PTSD Checklist (PCL-S), Beck's Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES).Results: Patients with and without high dissociative experience had significant improvement in their PCL-S scores over the 6 treatment sessions, and PCL-S scores continued to decline in all patients during the post-treatment period. However, there was no correlation between the presence/absence of high dissociative experiences and no specific effect of propranolol treatment. We found exactly the same results for MDE symptoms. Interestingly, patients with high dissociative experiences before treatment exhibited very significant improvement in their DES scores after the 6 treatment sessions, and patients maintained this improvement 3 months post-treatment.Conclusions: The traumatic memory reactivation procedure is an effective way to treat dissociative symptoms in patients with PTSD, and improvement of these dissociative symptoms was associated with a decrease in both PTSD and depression severity.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"43 1","pages":"2151098"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9718563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90886164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Party, Race, and Neutrality: Investigating the Interdependence of Attitudes toward Social Groups 政党、种族与中立：对社会群体态度的相互依赖性研究

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2022-11-26 DOI: 10.1177/00031224221135797

Jordan Brensinger, Ramina Sotoudeh

{"title":"Party, Race, and Neutrality: Investigating the Interdependence of Attitudes toward Social Groups","authors":"Jordan Brensinger, Ramina Sotoudeh","doi":"10.1177/00031224221135797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224221135797","url":null,"abstract":"Recent public and scholarly discourse suggests that partisanship informs how people feel about social groups in the United States by organizing those groups into camps of political friends and enemies. More generally, this implies that Americans’ attitudes toward social groups exhibit interdependence, a heretofore underexplored proposition. We develop a conceptual and methodological approach to investigating such interdependence and apply it to attitudes toward 17 social groups, the broadest set of measures available to date. We identify three subpopulations with distinct attitude logics: partisans, who feel warm toward groups commonly associated with their political party and cool toward those linked to the out-party; racials, distinguished by their consistently warmer or cooler feelings toward all racial groups relative to other forms of social group membership; and neutrals, who generally evaluate social groups neither warmly nor coolly. Individuals’ social positions and experiences, particularly the strength of their partisanship, their race, and their experience of racial discrimination, inform how they construe the social space. These findings shed light on contemporary political and social divisions while expanding the toolkit available for the study of attitudes toward social groups.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"87 1","pages":"1049 - 1093"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46533256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Double Jeopardy: Teacher Biases, Racialized Organizations, and the Production of Racial/Ethnic Disparities in School Discipline 双重危险:教师偏见，种族化组织，以及学校纪律中种族/民族差异的产生

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2022-11-18 DOI: 10.1177/00031224221135810

Jayanti Owens

{"title":"Double Jeopardy: Teacher Biases, Racialized Organizations, and the Production of Racial/Ethnic Disparities in School Discipline","authors":"Jayanti Owens","doi":"10.1177/00031224221135810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224221135810","url":null,"abstract":"Bridging research in social psychology with scholarship on racialized organizations, this article shows how individual bias and organizational demographic composition can operate together to shape the degree of discrimination in schools. To understand Black and Latino boys’ higher rates of discipline that persist net of differences in behavior, I combine an original video experiment involving 1,339 teachers in 295 U.S. schools with organizational data on school racial/ethnic and socioeconomic composition. In the experiment, teachers view and respond to a randomly assigned video of a White, Black, or Latino boy committing identical, routine classroom misbehavior. I find that, compared to White boys, Black and Latino boys face a double jeopardy. They experience both (1) individual-level teacher bias, where they are perceived as being more “blameworthy” and referred more readily for identical misbehavior, and (2) racialized organizational climates of heightened blaming, where students of all races/ethnicities are perceived as being more “blameworthy” for identical misbehavior in schools with large minority populations versus in predominantly White schools. This study develops a more comprehensive understanding of the production of racial/ethnic inequality in school discipline by empirically identifying a dual process that involves both individual teacher bias and heightened blaming that is related to minority organizational composition.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"87 1","pages":"1007 - 1048"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47824541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Homicide and State History 凶杀和州历史

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2022-11-09 DOI: 10.1177/00031224221131758

J. Gerring, C. Knutsen

引用次数: 0

Ready to Rent: Administrative Decisions and Poverty Governance in the Housing Choice Voucher Program 准备出租：住房选择券计划中的行政决策和贫困治理

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2022-11-07 DOI: 10.1177/00031224221131798

B. McCabe

{"title":"Ready to Rent: Administrative Decisions and Poverty Governance in the Housing Choice Voucher Program","authors":"B. McCabe","doi":"10.1177/00031224221131798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224221131798","url":null,"abstract":"Sociological studies of poverty governance investigate how state actors manage marginalized populations, regulate their participation in social institutions, and reform their behavior through systems of punishment and rewards. Research in this area considers a range of institutions involved in managing poverty, but it has largely ignored an institution omnipresent in the lives of the poor—public housing agencies (PHAs). Focusing on the Housing Choice Voucher program, the largest rental assistance program in the country, I examine discretionary choices made by PHAs that affect who gets access to rental assistance, how long clients have to wait, and what they must do to maintain their benefits. I ask how these administrative decisions create successive opportunities for state agencies to govern the poor. Drawing on interviews with agency officials, I describe a tripartite process of selecting market-ready households, engaging them in rituals of market formation, and utilizing market nudges to remind them of their responsibilities as market actors. This framework deepens sociological understandings of how local state agencies utilize discretionary choices in a resource-scarce, highly decentralized policy environment to evaluate, reform, and discipline the poor.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"88 1","pages":"86 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47132917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Relational Work in the Family: The Gendered Microfoundation of Parents’ Economic Decisions 家庭中的关系工作:父母经济决策的性别微观基础

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.1177/00031224221132295

Aliya Hamid Rao

{"title":"Relational Work in the Family: The Gendered Microfoundation of Parents’ Economic Decisions","authors":"Aliya Hamid Rao","doi":"10.1177/00031224221132295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224221132295","url":null,"abstract":"How do parents decide what goods, experiences, and activities they can afford for their children during times of economic insecurity? This article draws on 72 in-depth interviews with U.S. professional middle-class families in which one parent is unemployed. Extending the concept of relational work, this study illuminates how the microfoundation of economic decisions is gendered. Families where fathers are unemployed take the approach of relational preservation: they seek to maintain a high threshold of expenditures on children and view curtailing child-related spending as a threat to their class status. These families see reducing expenditures on children as a parental, and especially paternal, failure. Families where mothers are unemployed take an approach of relational downscaling, lowering the threshold for essential expenditures on children. These families are reluctant to spend less on children’s education, but they do not view decreasing spending on other items, such as consumer goods, as threatening their class status. Gendering relational work reveals how inequalities within families are reproduced through meaning-making around expenditures on children, and it clarifies a key source of variation in parental economic decision-making.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"87 1","pages":"1094 - 1120"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43012473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Collaborating in Class: Social Class Context and Peer Help-Seeking and Help-Giving in an Elite Engineering School 课堂合作:一所精英工程学校的社会阶层背景与同伴寻求与给予帮助

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2022-10-29 DOI: 10.1177/00031224221130506

Anthony M. Johnson

{"title":"Collaborating in Class: Social Class Context and Peer Help-Seeking and Help-Giving in an Elite Engineering School","authors":"Anthony M. Johnson","doi":"10.1177/00031224221130506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224221130506","url":null,"abstract":"Scholars have extensively documented social class differences in students’ relationships with educational institutions through their interactions with authority figures and the unequal institutional advantages these interactions yield. However, little is known about whether or how social class also shapes students’ peer interactions in ways that produce these inequalities. Using a qualitative case study of an elite engineering school in which I draw on participant observation and interviews with 88 undergraduates and six administrators, I argue that social class context—a proxy for social class—shapes the peer help-seeking and help-giving (collaborative) strategies students use, which can create inequalities in the institutional advantages they secure in the form of academic help, support, and learning opportunities. Focusing specifically on the social class context of students’ high schools, I find that compared to their less-privileged counterparts, privileged students—who came from class-advantaged high school contexts where they became familiar with collaboration and upper-middle-class cultural signals—more easily collaborated with their college classmates and displayed signals that communicated they were “good” collaborators. The findings highlight new mechanisms through which inequalities are reproduced in educational institutions and make theoretical contributions to research on cultural capital, inequality, and education.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"87 1","pages":"981 - 1006"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44348925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Caught between Frontstage and Backstage: The Failure of the Federal Reserve to Halt Rule Evasion in the Financial Crisis of 1974 夹在前台和后台之间:1974年金融危机中美联储未能阻止规避规则

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2022-10-27 DOI: 10.1177/00031224221131478

P. Fink

{"title":"Caught between Frontstage and Backstage: The Failure of the Federal Reserve to Halt Rule Evasion in the Financial Crisis of 1974","authors":"P. Fink","doi":"10.1177/00031224221131478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224221131478","url":null,"abstract":"Rule evasion by companies is a major driver of change in contemporary market societies. Recent research holds that periods of market instability offer opportunities to bring rule evasion under control because crises expose hidden market practices. Based on original archival evidence from the financial crisis of 1974, this article shows that rule evasion is disclosed not automatically, but strategically and selectively. To explain the ensuing dynamics, the article develops a Goffmanian framework in which regulators learn of a crisis of rule evasion backstage (in their interactions with companies) but use a conventional definition of the situation frontstage (in their presentations to the public). In an as yet unrecognized outcome, the regulators may find themselves caught between frontstage and backstage: their communications to the public limit their room for maneuver against the companies backstage, forcing them to repurpose their extant crisis-management tools. Because regulators publicly pretend to stay within their mandate, this form of crisis response renders re-regulation of rule evasion less likely. The finding contributes a new explanation for a central puzzle in the burgeoning sociology of crises: why periods of instability so rarely lead to change.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"88 1","pages":"24 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47547028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Online Conspiracy Groups: Micro-Bloggers, Bots, and Coronavirus Conspiracy Talk on Twitter 在线阴谋团体:微博、机器人和推特上的冠状病毒阴谋论

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2022-10-26 DOI: 10.1177/00031224221125937

H. Greve, H. Rao, P. Vicinanza, Echo Yan Zhou

{"title":"Online Conspiracy Groups: Micro-Bloggers, Bots, and Coronavirus Conspiracy Talk on Twitter","authors":"H. Greve, H. Rao, P. Vicinanza, Echo Yan Zhou","doi":"10.1177/00031224221125937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224221125937","url":null,"abstract":"Conspiracies are consequential and social, yet online conspiracy groups that consist of individuals (and bots) seeking to explain events or a system have been neglected in sociology. We extract conspiracy talk about the COVID-19 pandemic on Twitter and use the biterm topic model (BTM) to provide a descriptive baseline for the discursive and social structure of online conspiracy groups. We find that individuals enter these communities through a gateway conspiracy theory before proceeding to extreme theories, and humans adopt more diverse conspiracy theories than do bots. Event-history analyses show that individuals tweet new conspiracy theories, and tweet inconsistent theories simultaneously, when they face a threat posed by a rising COVID-19 case rate and receive attention from others via retweets. By contrast, bots are less responsive to rising case rates, but they are more consistent, as they mainly tweet about how COVID-19 was deliberately created by sinister agents. These findings suggest human beings are bricoleurs who use conspiracy theories to make sense of COVID-19, whereas bots are designed to create moral panic. Our findings suggest that conspiracy talk by individuals is defensive in nature, whereas bots engage in offense.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"87 1","pages":"919 - 949"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45274706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The Elements of Cultural Power: Novelty, Emotion, Status, and Cultural Capital 文化力量的要素：新颖性、情感、地位与文化资本

IF 9.1 1区社会学

American Sociological Review Pub Date : 2022-09-24 DOI: 10.1177/00031224221123030

Di Zhou

{"title":"The Elements of Cultural Power: Novelty, Emotion, Status, and Cultural Capital","authors":"Di Zhou","doi":"10.1177/00031224221123030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224221123030","url":null,"abstract":"Why do certain ideas catch on? What makes some ideas more powerful than others? Using a novel dataset that traces Chinese netizens’ discussion of U.S. politics on an online forum, this study examines key predictors of cultural power—novelty, emotion, status, and linguistic features—using an innovative diachronic word-embedding method. The study finds a curvilinear relationship between novelty and resonance, as well as a positive relationship between status and cultural power. Contrary to theoretical expectations, moderate emotions, whether positive or negative, are found to be more effective in evoking resonance than more intense emotions, possibly due to the mediating effect of the forum’s “group style.” Thus, it appears that although extreme sentiments toward the United States may exist, they are not likely to be resonant, at least among more educated Chinese netizens. The study also finds significant effects of linguistic features, such as lexical diversity and the use of English in Chinese discussions. This suggests a Bourdieusian “cultural capital signaling and selection” path to cultural power, which has not been considered in most studies of resonance.","PeriodicalId":48461,"journal":{"name":"American Sociological Review","volume":"87 1","pages":"750 - 781"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47818166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2